牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第四版)K

K, k

/ keI; ke/ n (pl K's, k's / keIz; kez/) the eleventh letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十一个字母: `King' begins with (a) K/`K' king字以k字母开始.

K

/ keI; ke/ abbr 缩写= 1 kelvin(s). 2 (infml 口) one thousand (Greek kilo-) 一千（源自希腊文kilo-）: She earns 12K (ie 12000) a year. 她一年挣12000英镑.

phonetic (K.K. Vowels)

/ fE5netIk; fE`nZtIk/ The K.K. phonetic symbols （音标）used in this dictionary contains the following vowels and diphthongs. Press the pronunciation button to hear the sounds they represent.

1. i -- Example: see / si:; si/

2. I -- Example: sit / sIt; sIt/

3. e -- Example: ten / ten; tZn/

4. A -- Example: hat / hAt; hAt/

5. B -- Example: arm / B:m; Brm/

6. C -- Example: watch / wCtF; wBtF/

7. R -- Example: saw / sR:; sR/

8. J -- Example: put / pUt; pJt/

9. u -- Example: too / tu:; tu/ 10. Q -- Example: cup / kQp; kQp/ 11. [ -- Example: fur / f\:(r); f[/ 12. E -- Example: ago / E5gEU; E`^o/ 13. e -- Example: page / peIdV; pedV/ 14. o -- Example: home / hEUm; hom/ 15. aI -- Example: five / faIv; faIv/ 16. aJ -- Example: now / naU; naJ/ 17. RI -- Example: join / dVRIn; dVRIn/ 18. IE -- Example: near / nIE(r); nIE(r)/ 19. ZE -- Example: hair / heE(r); hZE(r)/ 20. JE -- Example: tour / tUE(r); tJE(r)/

phonetic (K.K. Consonants)

/ fE5netIk; fE`nZtIk/ The K.K. phonetic symbols （音标）used in this dictionary contains the following consonants. Press the pronunciation button to hear the sounds they represent. 1. p -- Example: pen / pen; pZn/ 2. b -- Example: bad / bAd; bAd/ 3. t -- Example: tea / ti:; ti/ 4.

d -- Example: did / dId; dId/ 5. k -- Example: cat / kAt; kAt/ 6. ^ -- Example: got / gCt; ^Bt/ 7. tF -- Example: chin / tFIn; tFIn/ 8. dV -- Example: Jun

e / dVu:n; dVun/ 9.

f -- Example: fall / fR:l; fRl/ 10. v -- Example: voice / vRIs; vRIs/ 11. W -- Example: thin / WIn; WIn/ 12. T -- Example: then / Ten; TZn/ 13. s -- Example: so / sEU; so/ 14. z -- Example: zoo / zu:; zu/ 15. F -- Example: she / Fi:; Fi/ 16. V -- Example: vision / 5vIVn; `vIVEn/ 17. h -- Example: how / haU; haJ/ 18. m -- Example: man / mAn; mAn/ 19. n -- Example: no / nEU; no/ 20. N -- Example: sin

g / sIN; sIN/ 21. l -- Example: leg / leg; lZ^/ 22. r -- Example: red / red; rZd/ 23. j -- Example: yes / jes; jZs/ 24. w -- Example: wet / wet; wZt/

kaffir

/ 5kAfE(r); `kAfL/ n (S African offensive 南非, 讳, 蔑) black African person 非洲黑人. kaftan

= caftan.

Kaiser

/ 5kaIzE(r); `kaIzL/ n title of the German and Austro-Hungarian emperors until 1918 皇帝(尤指1918年前的德国皇帝).

kale (also kail)

/ keIl; kel/ n [U] type of cabbage with curly leaves 羽衣甘蓝.

kaleidoscope

/ kE5laIdEskEUp; kE`laIdE9skop/ n (a) toy consisting of a tube containing small loose pieces of coloured glass, etc and mirrors which reflect these to form changing patterns when the tube is turned 万花筒. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) constantly and quickly changing pattern 千变万化; 瞬息万变: His paintings are a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colours. 他的油画色彩斑斓,

变化万千. * The bazaar was a kaleidoscope of strange sights and impressions. 集市的景象光怪陆离, 纷然杂陈.

kaleidoscopic

/ kE9laIdE5skCpIk; kE9laIdE`skBpIk/ adj.

kaleidoscopically

/ -klI; -klI/ adv.

kamikaze

/ 9kAmI5kB:zI; 9kBmI`kBzi/ n (in World War II) (pilot of a) Japanese aircraft deliberately crashed on enemy ships, etc （第二次世界大战中日本的）神风飞机, 神风飞机飞行员（与敌舰等同归於尽的自杀飞机或驾驶员）: [attrib 作定语] a kamikaze attack 神风飞机的攻击* (fig 比喻) kamikaze (ie suicidal) tactics 同归於尽的战术.

kangaroo

/ 9kANgE5ru:; 9kAN^E`ru/ n (pl ~s) Australian animal that jumps along on its strong hind legs, the female carrying its young in a pouch on the front of its body 袋鼠（产於澳洲）. =>illus 见插图.

kangaroo court

illegal court formed by a group of prisoners, striking workers, etc to settle disputes among themselves 私设的公堂（囚犯、罢工工人等为解决内部纠纷而设的）.

kaolin

/ 5keIElIn; `keElIn/ n [U] (also china `clay) fine white clay used in making porcelain and in medicine 高岭土; 瓷土.

kapok

/ 5keIpCk; `kepBk/ n [U] substance like cotton wool, used for stuffing cushions, soft toys, etc 木棉.

kaput

/ kE5pUt; kE`pJt/ adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) broken; ruined; not working properly 完蛋了; 失败了; 坏了: The car's kaput we'll have to walk. 汽车坏了--我们只好步行.

karat

(US) = carat 2.

karate

/ kE5rB:tI; kE`rBtI/ n [U] Japanese system of unarmed combat in which the hands, feet, etc are used as weapons 空手道（日本式徒手武术）: [attrib 作定语] akarate chop, ie a blow with the side of the hand 空手道的掌侧劈.

karma

/ 5kB:mE; `kBrmE/ n [U] (a) (in Buddhism and Hinduism) sum of a person's actions in one of his successive lives, believed to decide his fate in the next （佛教和印度教的）业（音译｀羯磨＇, 意为个人行为的总和可决定其来世的命运）. (b) (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) destiny; fate 命运; 宿缘: It's my karma always to fall in love with brunettes. 我爱上的总是深褐色头发、浅黑色皮肤的白种女子, 这是我的缘分.

kart

/ kB:t; kBrt/ n = go-kart.

kayak

/ 5kaIAk; `kaIAk/ n. =>illus at canoe 见canoe插图. (a) Eskimo canoe made of light wood

covered with sealskins 海豹皮船（爱斯基摩人制的单人小舟）. (b) small covered canoe resembling this （类似海豹皮船的）小艇.

kazoo

/ kE5zu:; kE`zu/ n (pl ~s) toy musical instrument that gives a buzzing sound when sb blows through it while humming 一种玩具笛.

KB

/ 9keI 5bi:; 9ke `bi/ abbr 缩写= (Brit law 律) King's Bench. Cf 参看QB.

KBE

/ 9keI bi: 5i:; 9ke bi `i/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Knight Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire （第二等的）大英帝国最高勋爵; 英帝国爵级司令勋章: be made a KBE 受封（第二等的）大英帝国最高勋爵位* Sir John Brown KBE 约翰·布朗（第二等的）大英帝国最高勋爵士. Cf 参看CBE, DBE, MBE.

KC

/ 9keI 5si:; 9ke `si/ abbr 缩写= (Brit law 律) King's Counsel. Cf 参看QC.

kebab

/ kI5bAb; kE`bAb/ n (often pl 常作复数) small pieces of meat and vegetables cooked and (often) served on a skewer 烤肉串: lamb kebabs 烤羊肉串* shish kebab 烤肉串.

shish kebab

/ 9FIF kI5bAb; ?@ 5FIF kEbAb; `FIF kE9bBb/ = kebab.

kedgeree

/ 5kedVEri:, 9kedVE5ri:; `kZdVE9ri, 9kZdVE`ri/ n [U, C] cooked dish of rice and fish, with hard-boiled eggs and sometimes onions, all mixed together 鱼蛋烩饭（有时伴有洋葱）.

keel

/ ki:l; kil/ n 1 timber or steel structure along the bottom of a ship, on which the framework is built up （船的）龙骨: lay down a keel, ie start building a ship 安龙骨（动工造船）. 2 (idm 习语) on an even keel => even1.

keel

v (phr v) keel over 1 (of a ship) capsize （指船）倾覆, 翻倒. 2 (infml 口) fall over; collapse 倒下; 倒塌: After a couple of drinks he just keeled over on the floor. 他喝了两杯酒後就跌倒在地了. * The structure had keeled over in the high winds. 那座建筑物让大风给刮倒了.

keen

/ ki:n; kin/ adj (-er, -est) 1 ~ (to do sth/that...) eager; enthusiastic 热切的; 热情的; 热心的: a keen swimmer 喜好游泳的人* I'm not keen to go again. 我不太想再去了. * She's keen that we should go. 她热情地叫我们去. 2 (of feelings, etc) intense; strong; deep （指感情等）热烈的, 强烈的, 深刻的: a keen desire, interest, sense of loss 强烈的愿望、兴趣、失落感. 3 (of the senses) highly developed （指感觉）灵敏的, 敏锐的: Dogs have a keen sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很灵敏. 4 (of the mind) quick to understand （指头脑）敏捷的, 精明的: a keen wit, intelligence 敏捷的头脑、很强的理解力. 5 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of the points and cutting edges of knives, etc) sharp （指刀等的尖和刃）锋利的, 快的: a keen blade, edge 锋利的刀片、刀刃. 6 (of a wind) bitterly cold （指风）刺骨的, 凛冽的. 7 (Brit) (of prices) low; very competitive （指价格）低廉的, 竞争力强的. 8 (idm 习语) (as) ,keen as `mustard (infml 口) extremely eager or enthusiastic 极热心的; 极热情的. keen on sth/sb (infml 口) (a) interested in sth 热衷於某事物: keen on (playing) tennis 很喜欢（打）网球. (b) fond of sb/sth 喜爱某人[某事物]: He seemed mad keen on (ie very interested in) my sister. 他发疯似的爱著我妹妹. * I'm

not too keen on jazz. 我不太喜欢爵士乐. (c) enthusiastic about sth 对某事物满腔热情的: She's not very keen on the idea. 她对那主张不很感兴趣. * Mrs Hill is keen on Tom's marrying Susan. 希尔太太很希望汤姆能和苏珊结婚.

keenly

adv.

keenness

n [U].

keen

/ ki:n; kin/ v [I] (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) lament a dead person by wailing 为死者恸哭、哀号: keening over her murdered son 恸哭她那被谋害的儿子.

keen

n Irish funeral song accompanied by wailing 爱尔兰哀歌（边哭边唱）.

keep

/ ki:p; kip/ v (pt, pp kept / kept; kZpt/) 1 (a) [La, Ipr, Ip] continue to be in the specified condition or position; remain or stay 继续处於某状态或地位; 留下; 保留: She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency. 她有处变不惊的本事. * Please keep quiet -- I'm trying to get some work done. 请安静--我要处理一些工作. * You ought to keep indoors with that heavy cold. 你患重感冒应该留在屋里. * The notice said `Keep off (ie Do not walk on) the grass'. 布告牌上写著｀勿踏草地＇. * Keep back! The building could collapse at any moment. 别靠近! 那建筑物随时可能倒塌. (b) [Ip] ~ (on) doing sth continue doing sth; do sth repeatedly or frequently 继续做某事物; 重复做某事物: keep eating, laughing, smiling, walking 一直在吃、笑、微笑、走* Keep (on) talking amongst yourselves, I'll be back in a minute. 你们继续谈, 我一会儿就回来. * How can I trust you if you keep lying to me? 你要是一直欺骗我, 我怎麽能相信你呢? * I do wish you wouldn't keep interrupting me! 希望你别老来打扰我! * My shoe laces keep (on) coming undone. 我的鞋带总是松开. * Keep going (ie Do not stop) until you reach a large roundabout. 继续走就走到一个宽阔的环状交叉路口了. * This is exhausting work, but I manage to keep going somehow. 这个工作很费力气, 但是我尽量设法做下去. (c) [Ipr, Ip] continue to move in the specified direction 继续朝某方向前进: Traffic in Britain keeps to the left, ie drives on the left-hand side of the road. 在英国, 车辆靠左行驶. * Keep straight on until you get to the church. 一直朝前走就走到教堂了. * The sign says `Keep Left', so I don't think we can turn right here. 路标上写著｀靠左行＇, 我想不能从这儿向右拐. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a, Cn.g] cause sb/sth to remain in the specified condition or position 使某人[某事物]保持某状态或某地位: If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 要是手冷, 就揣在口袋里. * Extra work kept him (late) at the office. 他因有额外的工作, （很晚）仍留在办公室里. * Don't keep us in suspense any longer -- what happens at the end of the story? 别再让我们蒙在鼓里了, 结局究竟怎麽样? * keep sb amused, cheerful, happy, etc 使某人一直高兴、快乐、幸福等* These gloves will keep your hands warm. 这种手套保暖好. * Give the baby her bottle; that'll keep her quiet for a while. 把瓶子给孩子, 那就能让她安静一会儿. * He's in a coma and is being kept alive by a life-support machine. 他处於昏迷状态, 靠生命维持器活著. * I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起, 让您久等了. * Add some more coal to keep the fire going. 再添些煤, 别让火灭了. 3 [Tn] detain or delay (sb) 留住或耽搁（某人）: You're an hour late; what kept you? 你晚了一小时, 是什麽事给耽误了? Cf 参看keep sb from sth/doing sth. 4 [Tn] (a) continue to have (sth); retain 保有, 留下（某物）: You can keep that book I lent you; I don't want it back. 我借给你的那本书你可以留下, 不用还我. * Here's a five-pound note -- you can keep the change. 这是五

镑的钞票--零钱不用找了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (for sb) look after sth (for sb); retain sth （为某人）照顾某事物; 保留某事物: Could you keep my place in the queue (for me)(ie prevent anybody else from taking it)? 我排在队里的位置可以给我留著吗? * Please keep me a place in the queue. 排队时请给我占个位置. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] have (sth) in a particular place; store 在某处存放（某物）; 贮藏: Where do you keep the cutlery? 你的餐具在哪里? * We haven't enough shelves to keep all our books on. 我们的书架不够用, 放不下这麽多书. * Always keep your driving licence in a safe place. 驾驶执照一定要妥善保管. (d) [Tn] retain (sth) for future use or reference 保留（某物）（以备日後之需）: These trousers are so worn they're hardly worth keeping. 这条裤子磨损得很厉害, 不必再留著了. * Let's not eat all the sandwiches now -- we can keep some for later. 咱们别把三明治都吃光--可以留些过後再吃. * I keep all her letters. 我保留著她全部的信. 5 [Tn] own and manage (a shop, restaurant, etc) 经营, 开设（商店、饭馆等）: Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店. * He plans to keep a pub when he retires. 他打算退休後开酒馆. 6 [Tn] own and look after (animals) for one's use or enjoyment （为自用或消遣）饲养（动物）: keep bees, goats, hens, etc 饲养蜂、羊、鸡等. 7 [Tn] have (sth) regularly on sale or in stock 经销、销售或储存（某物）: `Do you sell Turkish cigarettes?' `I'm sorry, we don't keep them.' ｀你们卖土耳其香烟吗?＇｀对不起, 我们不卖那种香烟.＇8 [Tn] not reveal (a secret) 保守（秘密）: Can you keep a secret? ie If I tell you one, can I be sure that you will not tell it to sb else? 我想告诉你一件事, 你能保密吗? 9 [I] (of food) remain in good condition （指食物）保持不坏: Do finish off the fish pie; it won't keep. 鱼馅糕饼留不住, 都吃了吧. * (fig 比喻) The news will keep, ie can be told later rather than immediately. 这消息可容後宣布. 10[I] (used with an adv, or in questions after how 与副词连用或用於疑问句中的how之後) be in the specified state of health 处於某种健康状况: `How are you keeping?' `I'm keeping well, thanks.' ｀你身体好吗?＇｀很好, 谢谢.＇11 [Tn] (a) make written entries in (sth) 在（某物）上作书面记载: She kept a diary for over twenty years. 她写日记已二十多年. (b) write down (sth) as a record 记录（某事）: keeping an account/a record of what one spends each week 记录每周的开支. 12 [Tn] provide what is necessary for (sb); support (sb) financially 供给（某人）必需品; 经济上支持（某人）: He scarcely earns enough to keep himself and his family. 他挣的钱难以维持全家人的生活. 13 (a) [Tn] guard or protect (sth) 守卫或把守（某物）: keep goal, ie in football 守球门（足球的） ?w * keep wicket, ie in cricket 守三柱门（板球的）. Cf 参看goalkeeper (goal), wicket-keeper (wicket). (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (fml 文) protect sb (from sth) 保护或保佑某人: May the Lord bless you and keep you, ie used in prayers in the Christian Church 愿上帝祝福你、保佑你（用於基督教会的祈祷）* She prayed to God to keep her son from harm. 她祈祷上帝保佑儿子平安. 14 [Tn] be faithful to (sth); respect or observe 忠於（某事物）; 尊重; 遵守: keep an appointment, the law, a promise, a treaty 遵守约会、法律、诺言、条约. 15 (idm 习语) ,keep it `up maintain a high standard of achievement 保持优秀成绩: Excellent work, Cripps keep it up! 克里普斯, 你干得真好--要保持下去! ,keep up with the `Joneses/ 5dVEUnzIz; `dVonzIz/ (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) try to maintain the same social and material standards as one's neighbours 要在地位和物质方面比得上周围的人. (For other idioms containing keep, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与keep搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如keep house => house1; keep the ball rolling => ball1.) 16 (phr v) keep (sb) at sth (cause sb to) continue to work at sth （使某人）继续做某事: Come on, keep `at it, you've nearly finished! 加油, 别松劲, 你眼看就完成了! * The teacher kept us at our `work all morning. 老师让我们做了一上午的功课.

keep (sb/sth) away (from sb/sth)

(cause sb/sth) not to go near sb/sth （使某人[某事物]）不靠近某人[某事物]: Police warned bystanders to keep away from the blazing building. 警察告诫围观者, 不要靠近燃烧的建筑物. * Her illness kept her away from (ie caused her to be absent from) work for several weeks. 她因病数周未上班.

keep sth back

(a) prevent sth from moving; restrain sth 使某事物不能移动; 阻止某事物: Millions of gallons of water are kept back by the dam. 这个堤坝拦住了滔滔的洪水. * She was unable to keep back her tears. 她无法忍住泪水. (b) not pay sth to sb 不将某物付给某人: A certain percentage of your salary is kept back by your employer as an insurance payment. 雇主扣下你部分薪金作保险金用. keep sth `back (from sb) refuse to tell sb sth; hold sth back 拒不将某事告诉某人; 隐瞒某事物: I'm sure she's keeping something back (from us). 我肯定她（向我们）隐瞒什麽. keep (sb) `back (from sb/sth) (cause sb to) remain at a distance from sb/sth （使某人）与某人[某事物]保持距离: Keep well back from the road. 离马路远些. * Barricades were erected to keep back the crowds. 设置了障碍以隔开人群.

keep down

not show where one is; not stand up 隐蔽; 不站立: Keep down! You mustn't let anybody see you. 蹲下! 一定不要让人看见你. keep sb `down repress or oppress (a people, nation, etc) 压制或镇压（人民、国民等）: The people have been kept down for years by a brutal regime. 人民多年遭受野蛮制度压迫. keep sth `down (a) not raise (a part of the body) 不抬起（身体某部分）: Keep your head down! 不要抬头! (b) retain sth in the stomach 吞下某物; 不吐出来: The medicine was so horrid I couldn't keep it down, ie I was sick. 这药这麽难吃, 我咽不下去. (c) cause sth to remain at a low level; not increase sth 使某事物处於低水平; 压抑某事物: keep down wages, prices, the cost of living, etc 保持低工资、低价格、低生活费等* Keep your voices down; your mother's trying to get some sleep. 小点声, 你妈妈要睡觉了. (d) not allow sth to multiply or grow 不使某物滋生或生长: use chemicals to keep pests down 用化学药品消灭害虫.

keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth

prevent oneself/sb from doing sth 使自己[某人]不能做某事物: The church bells keep me from sleeping. 教堂的钟声吵得我睡不觉. * I hope I'm not keeping you from your work. 希望我没有妨碍你的工作. keep (oneself) from doing sth prevent oneself from doing sth; stop (oneself) doing sth 克制自己不做某事: She could hardly keep (herself) from laughing. 她忍不住大笑起来. * I just managed to keep myself from falling. 我差一点跌倒. keep sth from sb not tell sb sth 不将某事告诉某人: I think we ought to keep the truth from him until he's better. 我想等他好些再把实情告诉他. * They don't keep anything from each other. 他们之间无话不谈.

keep sb in

detain (a child) after normal school hours as a punishment 罚（小学生）课後留校: She was kept in for an hour for talking in class. 她因上课说话被罚留校一小时. keep sth in not express (an emotion); restrain sth 不表露（情感）; 控制某事物: He could scarcely keep in his indignation. 他愤怒得难以自持. keep oneself/sb in sth give or allow oneself/sb a regular supply of sth 使自己[某人]经常有某事物: She earns enough to keep herself and all the family in good clothes. 她的收入能让全家经常有好衣服穿. keep in with sb (infml 口) continue to be friendly with sb, esp in order to gain some advantage 保持与某人亲近（尤指为得到好处）: Have you noticed how he tries to keep in with the boss? 你注意到他多巴结老板了吗?

keep off

(of rain, snow, etc) not begin （指雨、雪等）未下: The fete will go ahead provided the rain keeps off. 要是不下雨, 义卖会就照常进行. keep off (sb/sth) not approach, touch, etc sb/sth 不接近或不接触某人[某事物]. keep off sth (a) not eat, drink or smoke sth 不吃、不喝或不吸食某物: keep off cigarettes, drugs, drink, fatty foods 不抽烟、不吸毒、不喝酒、不吃多油脂的食物.

(b) not mention (the specified subject); avoid 不提（某话题）; 避免: Please keep off (the subject of) politics while my father's here. 有我父亲在场, 请别谈政治. keep sb/sth off (sb/sth) cause sb/sth not to approach, touch, etc sb/sth 使某人[某事物]不接近或不接触某人[某事物]: They lit a fire to keep wild animals off. 他们燃起篝火防止野兽接近. * Keep your hands off (ie Do not touch) me! 别碰我!

keep on

continue one's journey 继续行进: Keep on past the church; the stadium is about half a mile further on. 一直向前走过了教堂, 约莫半英里就是体育场. keep on (doing sth) continue (doing sth) 继续（做某事物）: The rain kept on all night. 雨彻夜不停. * She kept on working although she was tired. 她虽疲劳但仍继续工作. keep sb `on continue to employ sb 继续雇用某人: He's incompetent and not worth keeping on. 他庸碌无能, 不值得留用. keep sth on (a) continue to wear sth 继续穿戴某物: You don't need to keep your hat on indoors. 在室内不必戴帽子了.

(b) continue to rent or be the owner of (a house, flat, etc) 继续租用或领有（房屋、寓所等）: We're planning to keep the cottage on over the summer. 我们打算夏天继续租那座别墅. keep `on (at sb) (about sb/sth) continue talking (to sb) in an irritating way (about sb/sth) （向某人）唠叨: He does keep on so! 他就是这样爱唠叨! * I will mend the lamp just don't keep on at me about it! 我一定修这个灯--别再跟我唠叨这件事了!

keep out

(of sth) not enter (a place); remain outside 不进入（某处）; 留在外边: The sign said `Ministry of Defence Danger Keep Out!' 牌子上写, 国防部重地--闲人免进!keep sb/sth out (of sth) prevent sb/sth from entering (a place) 不让某人[某物]进入（某处）: Keep that dog out of my study! 别让那条狗进我的书房! * She wore a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes. 她戴帽子遮阳, 保护眼睛. keep (sb) out of sth not expose oneself/sb to sth; (cause sb to) avoid sth 遮掩自己[某人]; （使某人）避开某事物: Do keep out of the rain if you haven't a coat. 没带雨衣那就避一下雨. * That child seems incapable of keeping out of (ie not getting into) mischief. 那个孩子不调皮捣蛋简直就受不了. * Keep the children out of harm's way if you take them to the match. 带孩子看比赛, 要注意他们的安全.

keep to sth

(a) not wander from or leave (a path, road, etc) 不偏离, 不离开（道路等）: Keep to the track the moor is very boggy around here. 不要偏离车道--这一带沼泽地多. * (fig 比喻) keep to the point/subject 别扯远了[不要离题]. (b) follow or observe (a plan, schedule, etc) 遵循, 遵守（计划、时刻表等）: Things will only work out if we all keep to the plan. 只有大家执行计划, 事情才能成功. (c) remain faithful to (a promise, etc)忠於, 信守（诺言等）: keep to an agreement, an undertaking 信守协定、承诺. (d) remain in and not leave (the specified place or position) 留在, 不离开（某地或某位置）: She's old and infirm and has to keep to the house. 她因年老体弱而足不出户. (e) (used esp in the imperative when rebuking sb 尤用於祈使语气以指责某人) not express (a comment, view, etc) 不必说出（意见、看法等）: Keep your opinions to yourself in future! 你有意见留自己用吧! keep (oneself) to oneself avoid meeting people socially; not concern oneself with other people's affairs 不与人交往: Nobody knows much about him; he keeps himself (very much) to himself. 谁都不太了解他, 因为他很少与人来往. keep sth to

one`self not tell other people about sth 不把某事告诉别人: I'd be grateful if you kept this information to yourself. 这事你若能保密则不胜感激.

keep sb under

oppress sb 压迫某人: The local population is kept under by a brutal army of mercenaries. 当地居民备受野蛮雇佣军的欺压. keep sth under control or suppress sth 控制或压制某事物: Firemen managed to keep the fire under. 消防队员尽力控制了火势.

keep up

(of rain, snow, good weather, etc) continue without stopping （指雨、雪、好天气等）持续不停: Let's hope the sunny weather keeps up for Saturday's tennis match. 但愿星期六网球比赛时还是这样的好天气. keep sb up prevent sb from going to bed 使某人不能去睡觉: I do hope we're not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉. keep sth up (a) prevent sth from falling down 使某物不落下: wear a belt to keep one's trousers up 系腰带以系住裤子. (b) cause sth to remain at a high level 使某事物处於高水平: The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up. 原料费用昂贵使得产品价格居高不下. (c) not allow (one's spirits, strength, etc) to decline; maintain 不让（精力等）衰退; 维持; 保持: They sang songs to keep their morale up. 他们唱歌以保持高昂的士气. (d) continue sth at the same (usu high) level 继续使某事物保持同样的（通常指高的）水平: The enemy kept up their bombardment day and night. 敌军一直日夜不停地狂轰滥炸. * We're having difficulty keeping up our mortgage payments. 我们难以继续支付分期偿还的抵押贷款. * You're all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色, 要坚持下去! (e) continue to practise or observe sth 照旧做某事物或遵守某事: keep up old customs, traditions, etc 沿袭古老的风俗、传统等* Do you still keep up your Spanish? 你仍在学西班牙语吗? (f) maintain (a house, garden, etc) in good condition by spending money or energy on it 保养, 维修（房屋、花园等）: The house is becoming too expensive for them to keep up. 他们的房子维修费用贵得越来越修不起了. Cf 参看upkeep. keep `up (with sb/sth) move or progress at the same rate (as sb/sth) 跟上（某人[某事物]）; （与某人[某事物]）同步前进: Slow down I can't keep up (with you)! 慢点, 我跟不上（你）了! * I can't keep up with all the changes in computer technology. 计算机技术的各种改进有些我已跟不上了. keep up (with sth) rise at the same rate (as sth) 以（某事物的）同样速率上升: Workers' incomes are not keeping up with inflation. 工人的收入赶不上通货膨胀. keep up with sb continue to be in contact with sb 保持与某人的联系: How many of your old school friends do you keep up with? 你和中学时的老同学保持联系的有多少? keep up with sth inform oneself or learn about (the news, current events, etc) 知悉（消息）; 跟上（形势）: She likes to keep up with the latest fashions. 她喜欢穿戴入时.

kept woman

(dated or joc 旧或谑) woman who is provided with money and a home by a man with whom she is having a sexual relationship （受供养的）姘妇.

keep

/ ki:p; kip/ n 1 [U] (cost of providing) food and other necessities of life 食物等生活必需品; 生活费: It's time you got a job and started paying for your keep! 你该找份工作, 负担自己的生活费了! * (fig 比喻) Does that old car still earn its keep? ie Is it useful enough to be worth the cost of keeping it? 那辆旧汽车还值得维修吗? 2 [C] strongly built tower of an ancient castle 古代城堡中的强固主楼. 3 (idm 习语) for `keeps (infml 口) permanently; for ever 永远地; 永久地: Can I have it for keeps or do you want it back? 我可以永久保留它呢还是要我还给你? keeper

/ 5ki:pE(r); `kipL/ n 1 person who looks after animals in a zoo or a collection of items in a museum （动物园的）饲养员; （博物馆的）保管人. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who is in charge of or looks after sth 负责或照料某事物的人: a `lighthouse-keeper * a `gamekeeper * a `shopkeeper. 3 (infml 口)(a) = goalkeeper (goal). (b) = wicket-keeper (wicket). 4 (idm 习语) finders keepers => finder (find1).

keeping

/ 5ki:pIN; `kipIN/ n (idm 习语) for safe keeping => safe1. in sb's keeping in sb's care or custody 在某人处保管; 受某人监护: I'll leave the keys in your keeping. 我把钥匙交你保管. in/out of keeping (with sth) in/not in conformity or harmony 一致[不一致]; 协调[不协调]: a development wholly in keeping with what we expected 与我们预期完全相符的发展* That tie is not quite in keeping. 那条领带不十分协调. in safe keeping => safe1.

keepsake

/ 5ki:pseIk; `kip9sek/ n gift, usu small and often not very costly, that is kept in memory of the giver or previous owner 纪念品: My aunt gave me one of her brooches as a keepsake. 我的姑母把她的一只胸针送给我作纪念.

keg

/ keg; kZ^/ n small barrel, usu containing less than 10 British or 30 US gallons of liquid 小桶（通常容量不足10英加仑或30美加仑）. =>illus at barrel 见barrel插图.

keg beer

(Brit) beer served from kegs, using gas pressure 小桶啤酒（用气压压出）.

kelp

/ kelp; kZlp/ n [U] type of large brown seaweed 大型褐藻.

kelvin

/ 5kelvIn; `kZlvIn/ n (abbr 缩写K) unit (equal tothe Celsius degree) of an international scale of temperature(the Kelvin scale) with 0 at absolute zero (273.15C) 开（开尔文温标的计量单位, 其零度为绝对零度, 等於273.15C）. =>App 11 见附录11.

ken

/ ken; kZn/ n (idm 习语) beyond/outside one's ken not within one's range of knowledge 超出某人知识范围: The workings of the Stock Exchange are beyond most people's ken. 证券交易所的运作情况大多数人都不了解.

ken

/ ken; kZn/ v (-nn-, pt kenned or kent, pp kenned) [Tn, Tf, Tw] (Scot 苏格兰) know 知道. kennel

/ 5kenl; `kZnl/ n 1 [C] shelter for a pet dog 狗窝; 狗房: Rover lives in a kennel in the back garden. 小狗罗弗的窝在後花园. 2 [C] shelter for a pack of hounds 一群猎犬的窝棚. 3 kennels [sing or pl v] place where dogs are bred, cared for, etc 养狗场: We put the dog into kennels when we go on holiday. 我们去度假时把狗送到养狗场寄养.

kennel

v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] put or keep (a dog) in a kennel or kennels 将（狗）关进狗窝或送到养狗场: She kennels her dog in the yard. 她把狗关进院子的狗窝里.

kepi

/ 5keIpI; `kepI/ n type of French military cap with a horizontal peak 法国军帽.

kept

pt, pp of keep1.

kerb (also esp US curb)

/ k\:b; k[b/ n stone or concrete edge of a pavement at the side of a road （镶石的）路缘, 路边: Stop at the kerb and look both ways before crossing (the road). 先站在路边看清左右再过马路. kerb-crawling

n [U] driving slowly along trying to persuade sb on the pavement to enter one's car, esp for sexual purposes 开车沿路边缓慢行驶（尤指为性关系勾引人）: be arrested for kerb-crawling 因沿路边慢驶勾引人而被拘捕.

kerb drill

set of rules for crossing the road safely 过马路的安全规则.

kerbstone

n block of stone or concrete forming part of a kerb 路缘石; 路边石.

kerchief

/ 5k\:tFIf; `k[tFIf/ n (arch 古) 1 square piece of cloth worn on the head or round the neck, esp by women 方头巾, 方围巾（尤指女用的）. 2 handkerchief 手绢.

kerfuffle

/ kE5fQfl; kL`fQfl/ n [U] (Brit infml 口) fuss; noise; excitement 混乱; 吵闹; 闹哄: What's all the kerfuffle (about)? 这乱哄哄的是怎麽回事?

kernel

/ 5k\:nl; `k[nl/ n 1 soft and usu edible part inside a nut or fruit stone （坚果或核果的）仁（通常可食）. =>illus at nut 见nut插图. 2 part of a grain or seed within the hard outer shell （谷物去壳後的）粒, 子. 3 (fig 比喻) central or essential part (of a subject, plan, problem, etc) 核心; 要点; 中心: the kernel of her argument 她的论据的核心.

kerosene, kerosine (also kerosine)

/ 5kerEsi:n; `kZrE9sin/ n [U] (esp US) = paraffin 1: [attrib 作定语] a kerosene lamp 煤油灯. kestrel

/ 5kestrEl; `kZstrEl/ n type of small falcon 红隼. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.

ketch

/ ketF; kZtF/ n small sailing-boat with two masts 双桅小帆船.

ketchup

/ 5ketFEp; `kZtFEp/ (also esp US catsup / 5ktsEp;`kAtsEp/) n [U] thick sauce made from tomatoes, vinegar, etc and used cold as a seasoning 番茄酱.

kettle

/ 5ketl; `kZtl/ n 1 container with a spout, lid and handle, used for boiling water （烧水用的）壶: boil (water in) the kettle and make some tea 烧壶水沏茶. 2 (idm 习语) a different kettle of fish => different. a `fine, `pretty, etc kettle of fish messy, unpleasant or confusing situation 一团糟; 不愉快的事; 尴尬的局面. the pot calling the kettle black => pot1.

kettledrum

/ 5ketldrQm; `kZtl9drQm/ n large brass or copper bowl-shaped drum with skin stretched over the top, that can be tuned to an exact pitch 定音鼓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.

key

/ ki:; ki/ n 1 [C] metal instrument shaped so that it will move the bolt of a lock (and so lock or unlock sth) 钥匙: turn the key in the lock 转动锁孔中的钥匙* the car keys 汽车钥匙* the key to the front door 前门的钥匙* have a duplicate key cut, ie made 配钥匙. =>illus 见插图.

2 [C] similar instrument for grasping and turning sth, eg for winding a clock 类似钥匙的器具（如

上钟表发条用的）: Where's the key for turning off the radiator? 关散热器的开关在哪里? 3 [C] (a) (music 音) set of related notes, based on a particular note, and forming the basis of (part of) a piece of music 调: a sonata in the key of E flat major/A minor 一首降E大调[A小调]奏鸣曲* This piece changes key many times. 这首曲子有多处变调. (b) (fig 比喻) general tone or style of sth （事物的）基调, 调子, 调门儿: Her speech was all in the same key, ie monotonous. 她的演说自始至终是一个调子（单调乏味）. 4 [C] any of the set of levers that are pressed by the fingers to operate a typewriter, piano, etc （打字机、钢琴等的）键. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages x, xi. 5 [C] (a) set of answers to exercises or problems 题解; 答案: a book of language tests, complete with key 附答案的语言测验试题集. (b) explanation of the symbols used in a coded message or on a map, diagram, etc （地图、图表等上的）略语表, 符号表, 凡例, 图例. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (to sth) thing that provides access, control or understanding 关键; 要诀: Diet and exercise are the key (to good health). 吃固定食物、做运动是（身体健康的）关键. * The key to the whole affair was his jealousy. 整个事情的症结是因为他忌妒. 7 [sing] roughness given to a surface so that plaster or paint will stick to it （助灰浆或颜料附著的）粗糙表面: Gently sand the plastic to provide a key for the paint. 用砂纸在塑料上轻轻打磨出粗糙面以便涂颜料. 8 [C] (botany 植) winged fruit of some trees, eg the ash and elm 翅果（如、榆等树的果实）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 9 (idm 习语) under lock and key => lock2.

key

adj [attrib 作定语] very important or essential 极重要的; 关键性的: a key figure in the dispute 争论中的关键人物* a key industry, speech, position 重要的工业、讲话、位置.

keyboard

n set of keys (key1 4) on a typewriter,piano, etc （打字机、钢琴等的）键盘. =>illus at computer 见computer插图. v 1 [I] operate a keyboard (eg for setting printing type) 用键盘操纵（如排字）. 2 [Tn] enter (data) in a computer by means of a keyboard 用键盘将（数据）输入计算机. `keyboarder n person who operates a keyboard 操作键盘的人.

keyhole

n hole through which a key is put into a lock 锁孔; 钥匙孔.

key money

payment illegally demanded from a new tenant of a house or flat before he is allowed to move in 钥匙费（向新房客非法索取的费用）.

keynote

n 1 central theme of a speech, book, etc （演说、书等的）要旨, 主题: Unemployment has been the keynote of the conference. 会议的主题是失业问题. * [attrib 作定语] a keynote speech, ie one setting the tone for or introducing the theme of a meeting, etc 定基调的演说. 2 (music 音) note on which a musical key is based 主音.

key-pad

n small keyboard of numbered buttons used instead of a dial on a telephone, for selecting a channel, etc on a television set, or for entering data in a computer 按钮式电话机键盘; 电视频道选择键盘; 计算机袖珍键盘.

key-ring

n ring on which keys are kept 钥匙圈. =>illus 见插图.

key signature

(music 音) sharps and flats shown on a piece of music indicating the key in which it is written 调

号. =>illus at music 见music插图.

keystone

n 1 (architecture 建) central stone at the top of an arch locking the others into position 拱顶石.

2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) most important part of a plan, an argument, etc on which all the other parts depend （计划、论据等的）基础, 主旨: Belief in a life after death is the keystone of her religious faith. 她的宗教信仰的基础是相信死後有来生. Cf 参看corner-stone (corner1).

key

/ ki:; ki/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) (computing 计) type in (data) using a keyboard 用键盘输入（数据）: I've keyed this sentence (in) three times, and it's still wrong!我把这个句子输入了三次, 可是仍然不对! 2 [Tn] roughen (a surface) so that plaster or paint will stick to it 将（表面）弄粗糙（以便附著灰浆或颜料）. 3 (phr v) key sth to sth (a) make sth similar to sth else 使某事物与他事物相似: She keyed her mood to that of the other guests. 她控制住情绪使之与其他客人一致. (b) make sth suitable for sth else 使某事物与他事物相适应: The farm was keyed to the needs of the local people. 农场按当地人的需要作了调整. key sb up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) make sb excited, nervous or tense 使某人激动或紧张: The manager warned us not to get too keyed up before the big match. 领队告诫我们在大赛之前不要太激动.

key (also cay)

/ ki:; ki/ n low island or reef, esp in the W Indies and off the coast of Florida 低岛, 暗礁, 珊瑚礁（尤指西印度群岛和美国佛罗里达州海岸处）.

KG

/ 9keI 5dVi:; 9ke `dVi/ abbr 缩写= (Brit) Knight (of the Order) of the Garter 嘉德勋爵士; 英格兰最高爵级勋章: be made a KG 被封为嘉德勋爵士* Sir Thomas Bell KG 托马斯·贝尔嘉德勋爵士.

kg

abbr 缩写= kilogram(s): 10 kg 10公斤.

KGB

/ 9keI dVi 5bi:; 9ke dVi `bi/ abbr 缩写= USSR Intelligence Agency since 1953 (former Russian Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti) 克格勃（建於1953年, 前苏联国家安全委员会的略称）: a KGB agent 克格勃特工人员* dealing with the KGB 与克格勃打交道.

khaki

/ 5kB:kI; `kBkI/ n [U], adj (cloth of a) dull brownish-yellow colour, used esp for military uniforms 土黄色（的）, 卡其布（的）（尤指用做军服的）.

kHz

abbr 缩写= kilohertz. Cf 参看Hz.

kibbutz

/ kI5bUts; kI`bJts/ n (pl kibbutzim / kIbU5tsi:m; kIbJ`tsim/) communal farm or settlement in Israel 基布兹（以色列的合作农场或居民点）.

kibbutznik

/ -nIk; -nIk/ n member of a kibbutz 基布兹成员.

kick

/ kIk; kIk/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] hit (sb/sth) with the foot 踢（某人[某物]）: Mummy, Peter kicked me (on the leg)! 妈妈, 彼得踢我（腿）! (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (sth) by doing this 踢动（某物）: He kicked the ball into the river. 他把球踢进河里了. * Can we kick the ball around for a

while? 我们可以在这一带踢一会儿球吗? (c) [Tn.pr] make (sth) by kicking 踢成（某物）: He kicked a hole in the fence. 他在篱笆上踹了个洞. (d) [I, Ip] move the foot or feet in a jerky violent way 猛烈地蹬、跺: The child was screaming and kicking. 那孩子边喊叫边跺脚. * Be careful of that horse it often kicks. 小心那匹马--它常尥蹶子. * (fig 比喻) She kicks out when she's angry. 她发起怒来暴跳如雷. 2 [Tn] ~oneself be very annoyed with oneself because one has done sth stupid, missed an opportunity, etc （因干蠢事、坐失良机等）懊悔, 内疚, 自责: When I discovered I'd come for the appointment on the wrong day, I could have kicked myself. 我来赴约发现把日期弄错了, 感到非常懊恼. 3 [Tn] (esp in Rugby football) score (a goal or conversion) by kicking the ball （尤指英式橄榄球）踢球（射门）得分: That's the twentieth goal he's kicked this season. 这是他本赛季踢进的第二十个球. 4 [I] (of a gun) jerk backwards when fired （指枪炮）反冲, 後坐. 5 (idm 习语) alive and kicking => alive. hit/kick a man when he's down => man. ,kick against the `pricks hurt oneself by useless resistance or protest 作无谓的抵抗而自身受损; 自讨苦吃. ,kick the `bucket (sl 俚) die 死; 蹬腿儿. `kick the habit (infml 口) give up an addiction 戒除某嗜好: Doctors should try to persuade smokers to kick the habit. 医生应说服吸烟者戒烟. ,kick one's `heels have nothing to do while waiting for sth 无聊地等待某事物: She had to kick her heels for hours because the train was so late. 火车晚点, 她无聊地等了几小时. ,kick over the `traces (of a person) refuse to accept discipline or control (from parents, etc) （指人）拒不接受（父母等的）管束, 控制. kick up/raise a dust => dust1. ,kick up a `fuss, `row, shindy, stink, etc (infml 口) cause a disturbance, esp by protesting about sth 闹事, 骚动（尤指抗议某事）. ,kickup one's `heels (infml 口) enjoy oneself enthusiastically尽情享乐; 乐得手舞足蹈. ,kick sb up`stairs (infml 口) get rid of sb by promoting him to a position that seems more important but in fact is less so 使某人明升暗降. 5 (phr v) kick against sth protest about or resist sth 反对或反抗某事物: It's no use kicking against the rules. 反对这些规定是徒劳的. kick around (infml 口) be present, alive or in existence 活著; 健在; 存在: I've been kicking around Europe since I saw you last. 你我分别以来, 我一直在欧洲各地生活. * My shirt is kicking around on the floor somewhere. 我的衬衫在地板上的什麽地方. * an idea which has been kicking around for some considerable time 酝酿已久的意见. kick sth around/round (infml 口) discuss (plans, ideas, etc) informally 随便商谈, 非正式地讨论（计划、想法等）: We'll kick some ideas around and make a decision tomorrow. 我们先酝酿一下, 明天再作决定. kick sth in break sth inwards by kicking 向内踢某物: kick in a door 从外面把门踢开* kick sb's teeth in 踢掉某人的牙. kick `off start a football match (by kicking the ball) （足球）开球: United kicked off and scored almost immediately. 联队开球後旋即得分. kick (sth) off begin (a meeting, etc) 开始（会议等）: I'll ask Tessa to kick off (the discussion). 我叫特萨开始（讨论）. kick sth off remove sth by kicking 踢掉某物: kick off one's slippers, shoes, etc 踢脱拖鞋、鞋等. kick sb out (of sth) (infml 口) expel sb or send him away by force 驱逐某人; 用武力逼走某人: They kicked him out (of the club) for fighting. 他因为斗殴被开除（出俱乐部）.

kicker

n person who kicks 踢或踹的人.

kick-off

n start of a football match （足球比赛的）开球.

kick

/ kIk; kIk/ n 1 [C] act of kicking 踢; 踹: give sb a kick up the backside 踢某人屁股一脚* If the door won't open give it a kick. 门要是打不开就踹一下. 2 [C] (infml 口) thrill; feeling of pleasure 兴奋; 快感; 快乐: I get a big kick from motor racing. 我觉得汽车比赛很刺激. * She

gets her kicks from windsurfing and skiing. 她从帆板运动和滑雪中得到极大乐趣. * do sth (just) for kicks （仅）为取乐而做某事. 3 [C] (infml 口) (usu temporary) interest or activity （通常为一时的）兴趣, 喜好, 活动: (be on) a health-food kick 一时喜好起保健食品. 4 [U, sing] (infml 口) strength; effectiveness 精力; 气力; 效力: He has no kick left in him. 他已精疲力竭. * This drink has (quite) a kick (to it), ie is strong. 这酒（很）有劲儿. 5 (idm 习语) a kick in the teeth (infml 口) unpleasant and often unexpected action 讨厌的、且常为未料到的行动: The Government's decision is a real kick in the teeth for the unions. 政府的决定是对工会的重大打击.

kick-start

v [Tn] start (a motor cycle, etc) by pushing down a lever with one's foot 用脚启动（摩托车等）. kick-start (also `kick-starter) n this lever （摩托车等的）脚踏起动器.

kickback

/ 5kIkbAk; `kIk9bAk/ n (infml 口) money paid to sb who has helped one to make a profit, often illegally 回扣, 酬金（常指不合法的）.

kid

/ kId; kId/ n 1 (a) [C] (infml 口) child or young person 小孩; 年轻人: How are your wife and kids? 夫人和孩子们都好吗? * Half the kids round here are unemployed. 这里的年轻人有一半失业. (b) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口esp US) younger 较年幼的: his kid sister/brother 他的妹妹[弟弟]. 2 (a) [C] young goat 小山羊. =>illus at goat 见goat插图. (b) [U] leather made from its skin 小山羊皮革: a bag made of kid 小山羊皮手提包* [attrib 作定语] a pair of kid gloves 一副小山羊皮手套. 3 (idm 习语) handle, treat, etc sb with kid `gloves deal with sb very gently or tactfully 以温和的或圆通的手段对待某人.

kiddy (also kiddie)

n (infml 口) child 小孩儿.

kid-glove

adj [attrib 作定语] gentle; tactful 温柔的; 圆通的: Kid-glove methods haven't worked it's time to get tough. 既然软的办法不行--那就来硬的.

kid

/ kId; kId/ v (-dd-) 1 [I, Tn] (infml 口) deceive (sb), esp playfully; tease 欺骗（某人）; （尤指）戏弄; 取笑: You're kidding! 你这是开玩笑! * Don't kid yourself it won't be easy. 别欺骗自己--这事不容易. 2 (idm 习语) ,no `kidding (infml 口) (used to express surprise at what has been said 用於对听说的事表示惊异): (ironic 反语) `It's raining.' `No kidding! I wondered why I was getting wet!' ｀下著雨呢.＇｀难怪! 我刚才还纳闷怎麽身上有点湿呢!＇

kidnap

/ 5kIdnAp; `kIdnAp/ v (-pp-; US -p-) [Tn] steal (sb) away by force and illegally, esp in order to obtain money or other (esp political) demands 诱拐, 绑架, 劫持（某人）: Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists. 有两个商人让恐怖分子绑架了.

kidnap

n [attrib 作定语]: a kidnap attempt, plot, victim 绑架的企图、阴谋、事主.

kidnapper

n: The kidnappers have demanded 1 million for his safe release. 绑架的歹徒索要100万英镑赎金才放他.

kidnapping

n [C, U] (act of) stealing sb away in this way 诱拐; 绑架; 劫持: The kidnapping occurred in

broad daylight. 在光天化日之下竟发生绑架事件.

kidney

/ 5kIdnI; `kIdnI/ n (pl ~s) 1 [C] either of a pair of organs in the body that remove waste products from the blood and produce urine 肾; 肾脏. 2 [U, C]kidney(s) of certain animals used as food （用作食物的）腰子: two kilos of lamb's kidney 两公斤羊腰子* [attrib 作定语] steak and kidney pie 牛肉腰子馅饼.

kidney bean

(plant producing a) reddish-brown kidney-shaped bean 菜豆.

kidney machine

(medical 医) machine that does the work of kidneys which have become diseased 人工肾; 血液透析器: put a patient on a kidney machine 给病人装置人工肾.

kill

/ kIl; kIl/ v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] cause death or cause the death of (sb/sth) 致死; 杀死, 扼杀（某人[某事物]）: Careless driving kills! 开车大意危及生命! * Cancer kills thousands of people every year. 每年有数以千计的人死於癌症. * The guard was killed with a high-powered rifle. 那卫兵被杀伤力大的火枪击毙了. * (fig infml 比喻, 口) My mother will kill me (ie be very angry with me) when she finds out where I've been. 我母亲要是知道我到过那地方非把我宰了不可（一定大怒）. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) cause pain to (sb) 使（某人）疼痛, 痛苦: My feet are killing me. 我的脚疼极了. 3 [Tn] (a) (esp in football) stop (a ball) suddenly and completely with one's foot （尤指足球）停（球）. (b) (esp in tennis) hit (a ball) so that it cannot be returned （尤指网球）扣（球）. 4 [Tn] bring (sth) to an end 终止, 结束, 了结（某事物）: kill sb's affection, interest, appetite 使某人失去好感、兴趣、胃口* the goal that killed Brazil's chances of winning 决定巴西队败局的一分. 5 [Tn, Cn.a] (infml 口) cause (sth) to fail or be rejected 使（某事物）失败, 遭拒绝: kill a project, a proposal, an idea, etc (stone dead) 使一计划、建议、想法等不能实现* The play was killed by bad reviews. 那出戏被贬斥的评论扼杀了. 6 [Tn] (infml 口) switch or turn off 关掉: kill a light, the radio, a car engine 关掉灯、收音机、汽车发动机. 7 [Tn] make (one colour) appear ineffective by contrast with another 抵销（某一色彩）的效果: The bright red of the curtains kills the brown of the carpet. 这些鲜红色窗帘显得棕色地毯黯然失色. 8 (idm 习语) be dressed to kill => dress2. curiositykilled the cat => curiosity. have time to kill => time1.,kill the fatted `calf (fml or joc saying 文或谑, 谚) joyfully celebrate sb's return or arrival 欢宴或欢庆某人的归来或到达. ,kill the ,goose that ,lays the ,golden `eggs (saying 谚) destroy (through greed or carelessness) sth that would have produced continuous profit in the future 杀鸡取卵; 自绝财源. kill oneself (doing sth/to do sth) (infml 口) try too hard 过分努力: The party's at eight, but don't kill yourself getting here/to get here on time. 八点钟聚会, 但是不必勉强赶时间来. ,kill or `cure [esp attrib 尤作定语] (likely to) be either completely successful or a total failure 不是全胜就是大败: a kill-or-cure approach to the problem 对问题采取非胜即败的态度* The tough new measures on drug abuse are likely to be a case of kill or cure. 禁毒新措施很强硬, 大有成败取决於此之势. kill `time; kill two, a few, etc hours spend time as pleasantly as possible but unprofitably, esp while waiting for sth 消磨时间（尤指等待时）: My flight was delayed, so I killed time/killed two hours reading a book. 我那趟班机误点了, 我只好看书消磨时间[打发了两小时]. kill ,two ,birds with ,one `stone achieve two aims with a single action or simultaneously 一石二鸟; 一箭双; 一举两得. ,kill sb with `kindness harm sb by being excessively or mistakenly kind 溺爱某人反而使其受损. 9 (phr v) kill sb/sth off destroy or get rid of sb/sth 杀死某人;

破坏某事物; 除掉某人[某事物]: kill off weeds, insects, rats 灭除杂草、害虫、老鼠* He killed off all his political opponents. 他把政敌排除一空. * (fig 比喻) The author kills off her hero in Chapter 7. 作者把她的主人翁安排在第七章中死去.

kill

n 1 act of killing 杀死: The lion made only one kill that day. 那天狮子只捕杀了一个猎物. 2 (usu sing通常作单数) animal(s) killed 被杀死的动物: The huntersbrought their kill back to camp. 猎人把猎物带回营地. 3 (idm 习语) go/move in for the `kill prepare to finish off an opponent 准备干掉或打倒对手. (be) ,in at the `kill (be) present at the climax of a struggle, etc 斗争等最激烈时在场: She wants to be in at the kill when his business finally collapses. 她想在他的公司最终倒台时亲临现场.

killer

n person, animal or thing that kills 杀生的人、动物或事物: Police are hunting her killer. 警方正在追捕杀害她的凶手. * Heroin is a killer. 海洛因是致命的毒品. * [attrib 作定语] a killer disease 致命的疾病* Sharks have the killer instinct. 鲨鱼有嗜杀的本性.

killjoy

n (derog 贬) person who spoils the enjoymentof others 使人扫兴的人.

killing

/ 5kIlIN; `kIlIN/ n (idm 习语) ,make a `killing have a great financial success 大走财运; 鸿运亨通: She's made a killing on the stock market. 她在股票市场上大发了一笔财.

killing

adj (infml 口) 1 exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的: walk at a killing pace 拚命赶路. 2 very amusing 极为有趣的; 滑稽可笑的: a killing joke 极为有趣的笑话. killingly adv (infml 口) extremely 非常地; 极端地: a killingly funny film 非常有趣的影片.

kiln

/ kIln; kIln/ n oven for baking pottery or bricks, drying hops or wood, burning lime, etc 窑.

kilo

/ 5ki:lEU; `kilo/ n (pl ~s) kilogram.

kilo-

comb form 构词成分thousand 千: kilogram * kilometre. =>App 11 见附录11.

kilocycle

/ 5kIlEsaIkl; `kIlE9saIkl/ n (dated 旧) = kilohertz.

kilogram (also kilogramme)

/ 5kIlEgrAm; `kIlE9^rAm/ n (abbr 缩写kg) basic unit of mass in the SI system; 1000 grams 千克; 公斤. =>App 5, 11 见附录5、11.

kilohertz

/ 5kIlEh\:ts; `kIlo9h[ts/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (abbr 缩写kHz) (also kilocycle) unit of frequency of electromagnetic waves; 1000 hertz 千赫（频率单位, 等於1000赫兹）. kilometre (US kilometer)

/ 5kIlEmi:tE(r), kI5lCmItE(r);`kIlE9mitL/ n (abbr 缩写km) metric unit of length; 1000 metres. 公里, 千米（公制长度单位, 等於1000米）. =>App 4,5 见附录4、5.

kilowatt

/ 5kIlEwCt; `kIlE9wBt/ n (abbrs 缩写kW, kw) unit of electrical power; 1000 watts 千瓦（电的功率单位, 等於1000瓦特）.

kilt

/ kIlt; kIlt/ n (a) pleated knee-length skirt of tartan wool, worn by men as part of Scottish national costume （苏格兰男子穿的）短褶裙（羊毛织成长及膝盖, 为苏格兰民族服装的一部分）. =>illus at bagpipes 见bagpipes插图. (b) similar skirt worn by women or children （妇女或儿童穿的类似上述的）短褶裙.

kilted

adj wearing a kilt 穿著短褶裙的.

kimono

/ kI5mEUnEU; ?@ -nE; kE`monE/ n (pl ~s) (a) long loose Japanese robe with wide sleeves, worn with a sash 和服（日式长袍）. (b) dressing-gown resembling this （和服式）晨服.

kin

/ kIn; kIn/ n 1 [pl v] (dated or fml 旧或文) one's family and relatives 家人和亲戚: All his kin were at the wedding. 他的家人和亲戚都参加了婚礼. * He's my kin, ie related to me. 他是我的亲戚. * We are near kin, ie closely related. 我们是近亲. Cf 参看kindred 2. 2 (idm 习语) kith and kin => kith. no kin to sb not related to sb 与某人无亲属关系. Cf 参看next of kin (next1). kinsfolk

/ 5kInzfEUk; `kInz9fok/ n [pl v] = kin.

kinship

n [U] 1 blood relationship 血缘关系; 亲属关系: claim kinship with sb 声称与某人有血缘关系. 2 (fig 比喻) close sympathy or similarity of character 深切的同情; 性格的相似: Even after meeting only once, they felt a kinship. 他们虽然只见了一面, 但已是一见如故了. kinsman

/ 5kInzmEn; `kInzmEn/ n (pl -men/-mEn; -mEn/)(fml 文) male relative 男亲属.

kinswoman

n (pl -women) (fml 文) female relative 女亲属.

kind

/ kaInd; kaInd/ adj friendly and thoughtful to others 亲切的; 和蔼的; 友好的; 仁慈的; 慈爱的: Would you be kind enough to/be so kind as to help me? 请你帮帮我的忙好吗? * a kind man, gesture, face, thought 友好的人、姿势、面容、想法* She always has a kind word for (ie stops to speak kindly to) everyone. 她跟谁都能和蔼地谈谈话.

kindly

adv 1 in a kind manner 亲切地; 和蔼地; 友好地; 仁慈地; 慈爱地: treat sb kindly 善待某人* He spoke kindly to them. 他和蔼地和他们谈话. 2 (used when making polite requests or ironically when ordering sb to do sth 用作请求时的礼貌用语或把命令说成请求的反语) please 请: Would you kindly hold this for a moment? 请您帮著拿一会儿这个东西. * Kindly leave me alone! 劳您驾别打扰我! 3 (idm 习语) take kindly to sb/sth (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) be pleased by sth; accept sb/sth willingly 喜欢某事物; 欣然接受或接纳某人[某事物]: She didn't take (at all) kindly to being called plump. 她（一点都）不喜欢人家说她丰满. * I don't think he takes kindly to foreign tourists. 我认为他不喜欢外国游客.

kindness

n 1 [U] quality of being kind 亲切; 和蔼; 仁慈; 好意: She always shows kindness to children and animals. 她对孩子和动物总是很温柔. * He did it entirely out of kindness, not for the money. 他做那件事纯粹是出於好意, 并非为钱. 2 [C] kind act 好心的表现或行为: I can never repay her many kindnesses to me. 我无法回报她对我的许多帮助. 3 (idm 习语) do/show sb a `kindness do sth kind for sb 好心地为某人做某事物. kill sb with kindness => kill. the milk of

human kindness => milk1.

kind-hearted

adj having a kind nature; sympathetic 好心的; 善良的; 同情的.

kind

/ kaInd; kaInd/ n 1 [C] group having similar characteristics; sort; type; variety 种类: fruit of various kinds/various kinds of fruit 各种水果* Do you want all the same kind, or a mixture? 您都要同一种的还是要什锦的? * Don't trust him: I know his kind, ie what sort of person he is. 别相信他, 这种人我了解. * She's not the kind (of woman/person) to lie. 她不是那种爱撒谎的（女）人. 2 [U] nature; character 本质; 性质: They differ in size but not in kind. 这些东西的区别只是大小不同而实质一样. 3 (idm 习语) in kind (a) (of payment) in goods or natural produce, not in money （指偿付）以实物偿付: When he had no money, the farmer sometimes used to pay me in kind, eg with a sack of potatoes. 那个农民没有现款时, 有时候给我些东西抵帐（如给一袋土豆）. (b) (fig 比喻) with something similar 以同样方式: repay insults in kind, ie by being insulting in return 受到侮辱後以同样方式侮辱对方. a kind of (infml 口) (used to express uncertainty 用以表示不确): I had a kind of (ie a vague) feeling this might happen. 我隐约感到这事可能发生. * He's a kind of unofficial adviser, but I'm not sure exactly what he does. 他像个非官方的顾问, 但说不好他究竟是干什麽的. kind of (infml 口) slightly; to some extent 稍微; 有点儿; 有几分: I'm not sure why, but I feel kind of sorry for him. 不知为什麽, 我有点为他惋惜. * `Is she interested?' `Well, kind of.' ｀她感兴趣吗?＇｀嗯, 有点儿.＇nothing of the `kind/sort not at all like it 一点都不像; 毫无类似处: People had told me she was very pleasant but she's nothing of the kind. 人家告诉我她很可爱, 可是她根本不是那样. of a kind (a) very similar 很相似的; 同一类的: They look alike, talk alike, even think alike they're two of a kind/they're very much of a kind. 他们长得很像、说话很像、连想法都很像--他们俩完全是一个类型. (b) (derog 贬) of an inferior kind 低劣的; 差劲的: The town offers entertainments of a kind, but nothing like what you'll find in the city. 镇上有些所谓的娱乐, 但与城里的截然不同. something of the kind something like what has been said 类似所说的某事: Did you say they're moving? I'd heard something of the kind myself. 是你说他们要搬家吗? 我也听到过这样的话. kind

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 After kind of/sort of it is usual to have a singular noun 在kind of/sort of之後通常有个单数名词: What kind of/sort of tree is that? 那是什麽树? * There are many different kinds of/sorts of snake in South America. 南美洲有很多种蛇. Informally, it is possible to use a plural noun thus 口语中可以用复数名词: I have met all kinds of/sorts of salesmen, tourists, etc. 我见过各种各样的售货员、游客等. In more formal usage the plural noun can be put in front 在比较庄重的用语中, 复数名词可放在前面: People of that kind/sort never apologize. 那种人从来不向人道歉. * Snakes of many kinds/sorts are found in South America. 南美洲有很多种蛇. 2 Kind of/sort of are also used informally to indicate that somebody or something is not genuine or of good quality, or to suggest vagueness 口语中kind of/sort of还可指某人或某事物的情况不是真的或不那麽好, 或表示说不准: I had a kind of/sort of holiday in the summer but I couldn't really relax. 我算是放了暑假了, 但却未能真正休息. * He gave a kind of/sort of smile and left the room. 他像是笑了一下就离开了房间. 3 Kind of and sort of are used in very informal English as adverbs. *kind of和sort of在极通俗的口语中可用作副词. They mean `to some extent' 这两个词组的意思都是｀在某种程度上＇: She kind of/sort of likes him. 她有点儿喜欢他.

kindergarten

/ 5kIndEgB:tn; `kIndL9^Brtn/ n school for very young children; nursery school 幼儿园.

kindle

/ 5kIndl; `kIndl/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) catch fire （使某物）燃烧, 著火: This wood is too wet to kindle. 这木头潮得点不著. * The sparks kindled the dry grass. 有些火星把乾草给引著了.

2 (fig 比喻) (a) [Tn] arouse or stimulate (feelings, etc) 激起（感情等）: kindle hopes, interest, anger 激起希望、兴趣、怒火. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) become bright; shine or glow 发亮; 放光; 明亮起来: Her eyes kindled with excitement. 她兴奋得双目炯炯发光.

kindling

/ 5kIndlIN; `kIndlIN/ n [U] small dry pieces of wood, etc for lighting fires 引火物（小块的乾柴等）.

kindly

/ 5kaIndlI; `kaIndlI/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (-ier, -iest) kind or friendly in character, manner or appearance 亲切的; 和蔼的; 友好的; 仁慈的; 慈爱的: a kindly man, voice, smile 慈祥的人、声音、微笑* give sbsome kindly advice 给某人以友好的劝告.

kindliness

n [U].

kindly

=> kind.

kindred

/ 5kIndrId; `kIndrId/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] family relationship 亲属关系: claim kindred with sb 声称与某人有亲属关系. 2 [pl v] one's family and relatives 家人和亲戚: Most of his kindred still live in Ireland. 他的亲戚大部分仍住在爱尔兰. Cf 参看kin 1.

kindred

adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) 1 having a common source; related 同宗的; 同源的; 有关的: kindred families 同宗亲属* English and Dutch are kindred languages. 英语和荷兰语是同源的语言. 2 similar 类似的; 相似的: hunting and shooting and kindred activities 打猎、射击及之类的活动. 3 (idm 习语) a kindred `spirit person whose tastes, feelings, etc are similar to one's own 意气相投的人: We immediately realized that we were kindred spirits. 我们马上发觉彼此志同道合.

kinetic

/ kI5netIk; kI`nZtIk/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or produced by movement 运动的; 运动引起的: kinetic energy, ie that generated by a moving body 动能.

kinetically

/ -klI; -klI/ adv.

kinetics

n [sing v] science of the relations between the movement of bodies and the forces acting on them 动力学.

kinetic art

art (esp sculpture) that depends for its effect on the movement of some of its parts, eg in air currents 动态艺术, （尤指）动态雕塑（藉活动部件在气流等中的运动造成动感效果的）. king

/ kIN; kIN/ n 1 (title of the) male ruler of an independent state, usu inheriting the position by right of birth 君主; 国王; 国王的称号: the King of Denmark 丹麦国王* King Edward VII 爱德华七世* be made/crowned king 被立为[加冕为]国王. Cf 参看queen. 2 person, animal or

thing regarded as best or most important in some way 重要的人、动物或事物; 大王: To his fans, Elvis will always be `the King'. 埃尔维斯的歌迷永远称他为歌王. * the king of beasts/of the jungle, ie the lion 百兽[丛林]之王（狮子）* Barolo is the king of Italian red wines. 巴罗洛是意大利红葡萄酒之王. 3 [attrib 作定语] largest variety of a species 同类中之最大型的: king cobra, penguin, prawn, etc 眼镜王蛇、王企鹅、宽沟对虾等. 4 (a) (in chess) the most important piece （国际象棋的）王. =>illus at chess 见chess插图. (b) (in draughts) piece that has been crowned on reaching the opponent's side of the board （国际跳棋的）王棋（抵对方底线升为王的棋子）. (c) (in playing-cards) any of four cards with the picture of a king on （纸牌中的）K: the king of spades 黑桃K. 5 (idm 习语) the King's/Queen's English => English. a ,king's `ransom very large amount of money 重金; 巨款: That painting must be worth a king's ransom. 那幅画一定价值连城. turn King's/Queen's evidence => evidence. the uncrowned king/queen => uncrowned.

kingly

adj of, like or suitable for a king; regal （似）国王的; 适於国王的; 威严的.

kingliness

n [U].

kingship

/ -FIp; -FIp/ n [U] condition of being, or official position of, a king 国王身分; 王位; 王权. kingmaker

n person who controls appointments to positions of high (esp political) authority 操纵任命（尤指政界）要职的人.

kingpin

n 1 (engineering 工) vertical bolt used as a pivot 主销; 主螺栓. 2 (fig 比喻) essential person or thing 主要的人或事物: He's the kingpin of the whole team. 他是全队的主力.

king-size (also king-sized)

adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] larger than normal; extra large 比正常大的; 特大的: a king-size bed, cigarette, hamburger 特大的床、香烟、汉堡包* king-sized portions 特大份.

King's/Queen's Bench (abbrs 缩写KB, QB)

(Brit law 律) division of the High Court of Justice （高等法院中的）王座法庭.

King's/Queen's Counsel (abbrs 缩写KC, QC)

(Brit law 律) barrister appointed to act for the government 御用律师.

kingcup

/ 5kINkQp; `kIN9kQp/ n large variety of buttercup; marsh marigold 鳞茎毛莨; 驴蹄草. kingdom

/ 5kINdEm; `kINdEm/ n 1 country or state ruled by a king or queen 王国: the United Kingdom 英国. 2 any one of the three divisions of the natural world 界（大自然的三大类别）: the animal, plant/vegetable and mineral kingdoms 动物、植物、矿物三界. 3 (fig 比喻) area belonging to or associated with a particular thing or person 领域: the kingdom of the imagination 想像的领域* the kingdom under the waves, ie the sea 大海. 4 (idm 习语) till/until kingdom `come (infml 口) for ever 永久; 永远: Don't mention politics or we'll be here till kingdom come. 咱们别谈政治吧, 否则一谈就没个完. to kingdom `come (infml 口) into the life after death 去天国: gone to kingdom come, ie dead 上天国了（死了）* The bomb exploded and blew them all to kingdom come. 炸弹爆炸把他们全都归天了.

kingfisher

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1、问：什么是英汉双解词典？使用双解词典有何好处？如何使用英汉双解词典？英语达到 什么水平可以用双解词典？ 答：英汉双解词典是在保留英语原版词典内容的基础上，为原版词典中的词条、例句和注释等提供对应的汉语翻译的词典。简单地说，它是在英语原版词典的基础上加上汉语释义的词典。比如《牛津英汉双解小词典》、《牛津袖珍英汉双解词典》以及《牛津现代英汉双解词典》等都属于这类词典。 由于英语和汉语并不是完全对应的，因此，使用英汉双解词典，读者既能了解某单词在汉语中的对应词，又能通过其英语释义更清楚、更准确地理解其含义，避免因单纯看汉语对应词而产生的词义扩大或缩小等带来的理解偏差。另外，使用英汉双解词典可以增加英语语感，同时学习到比较地道规范的英语用法和说法。在下面的两个例子中可以比较清楚地体现出来：⑴ cleaver noun butcher's heavy chopping tool （肉铺的）切肉刀。在这个例子中，汉语的翻译"切肉刀"只表达了工具的用途，但它的形态没有表达出来，如heavy表明这把刀是厚重的， chopping也说明这把刀是用来切大块肉的。由于英汉两种语言的不同，以及词典的容量有限，必然会导致一些有用信息的流失，所以保留英语是相当必要的。⑵ cupboard noun recess or piece of furniture with door and usually shelves 壁橱，碗橱, 橱柜。在这个例子中，汉语释义的作用是不言而喻的，英文部分的解释不能马上让读者产生理解和印象，而汉语的释义则立刻解决了这个问题。在查阅英汉双解词典时，不能只是满足于知道了一个英文单词的中文对应词，还要注意读它的英文释义，以便进一步领会其准确含义。一般来说，初中水平以上的英语学习者就可以使用英汉双解词典了。一开始，最好选用难度较低的这类词典，如《牛津英汉双解小词典》。而对于中、高级英语学习者来说《朗文当代高级英语辞典》（英英?英汉双解）、《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》都是不错的选择。 2、问：什么叫英语学习词典？ 答：英语学习词典是专为母语不是英语的学习者编纂的英语词典，其特点是： ⑴ 选词适当，根据语料库数据分析词频后选用英语学习者最需要的常用词汇。 ⑵ 释义简明，释义词汇控制在一定数量之内（如2000－3500个常用词汇），使学习者使用起来非常方便，因此很受英语学习者的欢迎。

牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第四版)K

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