科技英语翻译复习范围
1. 科技英语的语言特点具体表现
一、大量使用名词化结构
《当代英语语法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在论述科技英语时提出，大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。
Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.
阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。
If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss. Can be considerably reduced.
炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。
科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.
电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。
名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。
二、广泛使用被动语句
根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：
Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。
We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads.
电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板。这样的装置称之为电容器，其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。这一段短文中各句的主语分别为：Electrical energy
Such a device
Its ability to store electrical energy
It (Capacitance )
它们都包含了较多的信息，并且处于句首的位置，非常醒目。四个主语完全不同，避免了单调重复，前后连贯，自然流畅。足见被动结构可收简洁客观之效。
三、非限定动词。
如前所述，科技文章要求行文简练，结构紧凑，为此，往往使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式短语代替各种从句；介词十动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子，又比较醒目。试比较下列各组句子。
A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.
直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。
Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.
热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。
A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.
如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将作匀速直线运动。
Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.
振动着的物体产生声波，每一次振动产生一个声波。
In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.
在通讯系统中，电子学要解决的问题是如何把信息从一个地方传递到另一个地方。
Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.
结构材料的选择应使其在外界条件中保持其弹性。
There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.
将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同的方法。
In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.
使无线电波依次对每一个声音作出相应变化时，信息就由广播电台传递到接收机。
四、后置定语
大量使用后置定语也是科技文章的特点之一。常见的结构不以下五种：
1、介词短语
The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.
由于摩擦而产生的力称之为摩擦力。
A call for paper is now being issued .
征集论文的通知现正陆续发出。
2、形容词及形容词短语。
In this factory the only fuel available is coal.
该厂唯一可用的燃料是煤。
In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to light.
热能在辐射时，转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
3、副词
The air outside pressed the side in .
外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。
The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.
向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。
4、单个分词，但仍保持校强的动词意义。
The results obtained must be cheeked .
获得的结果必须加以校核
The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.
产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。
5、定语从句
During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.
在施工过程中，常会出现需要改变设计的问题。
The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them.
分子相互间都存在着力的作用，该力的大小取决于它们之间的距离。
Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.
我们几乎没有注意的很奇异的物质变化每天都在眼前发生。
To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235,in which all the atoms are available for fission.
制造原子弹，我们必须用铀235，因为轴的所有原子都会裂变。
五、常用句型
科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It——that——结构句型；被动态结构句型；结构句型，分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。举例如下：
It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one .
显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动。
It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting .
看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。
It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.
已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。
It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.
直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。
Computers may be classified as analog and digital.
计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。
The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times .
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。（或——缩短为三分之一。）
This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here .
人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。
Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light .
电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。
Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5.
如图5所示，微型计算机体积很小。
In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air .
声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。
Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy .
氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。
The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was low.
由于电阻很大，电路过的电流就小。
六、长句
为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，结构紧凑，科技文章中往往出现许多长句。有的长句多达七八个词，以下即是一例。
The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations ,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.
为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种子尝试的结果，最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的具有上述假定所以认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。
七、复合词与缩略词
大量使用复合词与缩略词是科技文章的特点之一，复合词从过去的双词组合发展到多词组合；缩略词趋向于任意构词，例如某一篇论文的作者可以就仅在该文中使用的术语组成缩略词，这给翻译工作带来一定的困难。例如：
full-enclosed 全封闭的（双词合成形容词）
feed-back反馈（双词合成名词）
work-harden 加工硬化（双词合成词）
criss-cross交叉着（双词合成副词）
on-and-off-the-road路面越野两用的（多词合成形容词）
anti-armoured-fighting-vehicle-missile反装甲车导弹（多词合成名词）
radiophotography无线电传真（无连字符复合词）
colorimeter色度计（无连字符复合词）
maths (mathematics)数学（裁减式缩略词）
lab (laboratory)实验室
ft (foot/feet)英尺
cpd (compound)化合物
FM(frequency modulation)调频（用首字母组成的缩略词）
P.S.I. (pounds per square inch)磅/英寸
SCR(silicon controlled rectifier )可控硅整流器
TELESA T(telecommunications satellite )通信卫星（混成法构成的缩略词）
2、科技英语的造词方法
1. Formation of new words
a) coining of new words
nylon : vinyl+cotton+ragon
b) blending
smog: smoke+fog
comsat:communication+satellite
motel:motor+hotel
c) clipping
refridgerator--fridg
laboritory-- lab
advertisment--ad
d) Acronym
IBM:International Business Machine
MBA:Master of Business Administration
OPEC: Organization of Petrol Export Countries
WTO
NATO:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
e) Back formation（逆向构词）
laser--lase
automation--automate
f) Affix-adding
super+market, jet,man
micro+wave ,soft
mini+skirt
trans+national
2. Compounding of old words: put whole words together
a) fully affixed
videoconference database brainchild
b) half-affixed(with a hyphen between the component parts)
high-tech,rear-view mirror
far-red receiver
non-stop train
c) non-affixed(written as two seperate words)
water cannon, bubble car
space shuttle
d) a special way of compounding :"verb+adverb"
(1) the meaning of the compound is the same to that expressed by the verbal phrase.
eg: pullout cutback
(2) ...is the result of the action
eg: set-up layout pile-up
(3) ...is the doer
eg: back-up
(4) ...is the place
eg: pull-up turnoff
(5) the meaning can be guessed from the verbal phrase
eg: countdown blastoff splashdown
3. Old words with new meanings
a) some common words get additional meaning when used in a certain field of S&T
pulse:electro-magnetic wave
b) some words used in a certain field are adopted in another field
eg: operation
c) some words get additional meaning as a result of their being used as a metaphor
dove and hawk
4.Expanding the origianl meaning
5. Changing the origianl meaning
6. 外来词借入
现代社会的高度信息化,国际交往的日益频繁,使得外来词语不断进入英语语言,大大丰富了英语的词汇。如robot (捷) 机器人、silo (西班牙) 导弹发射井、sputnik (俄) 人造卫星、kamikaze (日) 遥控飞行器、glitch (德) 故障、jukebox (非洲语言) 投币式自动唱机等等。
3、平行结构在科技英语翻译中的应用
1. 科技英语中平行结构的分类
Classification of parallelism
1) expressing similar or equivalent ideas, quantities, actions or ways
... in a way through the simultaneous use of voice, videos, image and data.
2) expressing a series of things arranged in increasing degree.
3) expressing a series of actions taking place one after another in chronological order.
4) expressing alternative actions.
eg: The purpose of life is a life of purpose.
2. 平行结构在科技英语翻译中的应用或者功能
Advantages of parallelism
1) make the statements concise.
2) show clearly the relationship between the component parts.
3) give the reader a sense of completeness.
4) impress the reader deeply.
5)make a new idea easier to be understood.
6) offer a sharp contrast between different things.
4、科技英语词汇的翻译：翻译方法概论
1 音译( Transliteration)
专有名词(如人名、地名等) 通常需要采用音译法。此外,有些词在汉语中没有确切的对等译词,按照意译又比较费劲时,就只好借助于音译。这些词如新材料、药名、缩略词等等。例如: clone 克隆、hacker 黑客、nylon 尼龙、aspirin 阿斯匹林、radar 雷达等这些词都是全部按音译进行翻译的。也有一些词是部分音译的。如:AIDS 艾滋病、topology 拓扑学、Hellfire“海尔法”导弹等等。
2 象形译(Pictographic Translation)
所谓象形译实际上就是根据物体的形状进行翻译。如: H - beam 工字架、V - belt 三角形皮带、Cross - bit 十字钻头、Twist drill 麻花钻、U - steel槽钢、U - shaped magnet 马蹄形磁铁等等。“象译”强调汉语“形象”比喻的习惯,将V - belt 中的v 译成“三角”。因为汉语中没有使用V 表示物体形状的习惯。形译则不然,它照抄原文。例如:L - elect ron 译成L 层电子、γ- ray 译成γ射线、FORTRAN译成FORTRAN 语言等等。
3推演(Deduction)
推演的词义是根据原文本或原文词典中的意思进行概括,推演出汉语的译义。译文包含的不仅是原词的字面意义,还必须概括出词语所指事物的基本特征。如space shuttle 一词,如果按照移植的方法将其译成“太空穿梭机”显然不妥,很容易引起误解。其实,这里的space 指的是aerospace (航天) ,shuttle 指往返于太空与地球之间的形状像飞机的交通工具, 因此, 将space shuttle 推演译成“航天飞机”。这种用推演法译出的词语比用移植法更直观、易懂,因此,也更容易使人接受。推演法使用得当便能译出高质量的译文,这就要求译者不但要有较好的专业基础知识,还必须具
备两种语言的良好修养。
4引申( Extension)
所谓引申就是在不脱离原文的基础上,运用延续与扩展的方法译出原文。通常的做法是: (1) 将具体所指引向抽象泛指,如brain 具体词义是“大脑”,抽象意义指“智力”,brain - t rust 则可以引申为“智囊团”。(2) 将抽象泛指引向具体所指,如qualification 抽象泛指“鉴定”,具体可以指“通过鉴定所具备的条件”,因此,data qualification 可以引申为“数据限制条件”。
5 解释( Explanation)
若有某个词在用上述方法都难译好的情况下,可采用解释法,即用汉语说出英语原文的意思而不必给出汉语的对等词。如blood type 可译为“血型”、blood bank 可译成“血库”,但blood heat 却不能译成“血热”,而用其他方法也很难译出其准确含义,此时可借用解释法,将其译成“人体血液正常温度”。这一方法大多用于个别初次出现而意义比较抽象、含义比较深刻的名词或术语。
6.形译
为了形象化，科技术语中常采用外文字母或英语单词来描述某种与技术有关的形象。翻译时可以将该外文字母照抄、改译为字型或概念涵相近的汉字，这种用字母或汉字来表达形状的翻译方法称为形译法。形译法可细分为以下三种:第一种，保留原字母不译。如:
O- rin g O形环，S-turning S形弯道，XrayX 射线，A -be dp la te A 形底座。第二种，用汉语形象相似的词来译。如:ste el I- b eam工字钢梁，T-boltT 字螺栓，O-ring环形圈,L-square 直角尺。第三种，用能表达其形象的词来译。如:U- bo lt 马蹄螺栓，V-belt三角带，T-bend 三通接头，twist drill麻花钻。
7.移植译
移植译就是按词典里所给的词义将词的各个词素的意义依次译出。翻译派生词和复合词时多采用这种方法，如:microwave微波，informstionsuperhighway信息高速公路，magnetohydrodynamics 磁流体力学。这些专业词语长而且复杂，往往是由一些基本的科技英语词素组合成的，因而，大多采用移植译法。
5、名词性从句的翻译
2. 科技英语翻译中名词性从句的翻译方法
1.主语从句
构成主语从句的方式有下列两种：
（1）关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分。
它们一般是译在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。这样的词有关联词what，which，how，why，where，who，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever及从属连词that，whether，if.
如：
What we now will describe is how the magnetic nature of iron oxide can uniquely be exploited as a separation process utilizing amagnetic filtration system.
现在我们所要介绍的是如何奇特地利用氧化铁的磁性而提出一种使用磁力过滤系统的分离法。
分析：其中关联词可译为…所。
That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.
物质热胀冷缩是一个普通的物理现象。
Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.
一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时使生物学家颇伤脑筋。
（2）It+谓语+that（whether）引导的从句。
如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译这。如：
It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards.
可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平。
It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.
分析：有时为了使译文成分完整，可以补充上泛指的主语（如人们…、大家…）。
物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。类似的结构还有：It is （universally）known that…大家都知道…It is believed that…人们都相信…
2.表语从句
表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面、充当主句主语的表语的从句，它也是由that，what，why，how，when，where，whether等连词和关联词引导的。一般来讲，可以先译主句，后译从句。如：The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.
蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。
The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less friction.滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。
3.宾语从句
（3）直接引语作宾语从句。
翻译时引号保留，把逗号一律改为冒号。如：
The student asked the teacher，How many one cubic foot of air weighs under normal conditions？
这个学生问老师：一立方英尺空气有多重？
Our practice proves that what is perceived cannot at once be comprehended and that only what is comprehended can be more deeply perceived.
我们的实践证明：感觉到了东西，我们不能立刻理解它，只有理解了的东西才能更深刻地感觉它。
The law of Conservation and Transformation of Energy states that energy is indestructible and the total amount of energy in the universe is constant.
分析：以that引导的宾语从句为普遍真理及一般规律时，或是某一规律及定义所阐述的容时，有时也可以在句首加冒号译出。
能量守恒和转换定律说明：能量是不灭的，宇宙间能量的总量和是不变的。
定语从句的翻译
2. 科技英语翻译中定语从句的翻译方法
1、只要是比较短的，或者虽然较长，但汉译后放在被修饰语之前仍然很通顺，一般的就放在被修饰语之前，这种译法叫做逆序合译法。
例如：
（1）The speed of wave is the distance it advances per unit time. （波速是波在单位时间前进
的距离）。
2、定语从句较长，或者虽然不长，但汉译时放在被修饰语之前实在不通顺的就后置，作为词组或分句。这种译法叫做顺序分译法。例如：
（1）Each kind of atom seems to have a definite number of“hands”that it can use to hold on to others.
每一种原子似乎都有一定数目的“手”，用来抓牢其它原子。（顺序分译法）每一种原子似乎都有一定数目用于抓牢其它原子的手。（逆序合译法）这句限制性定语从句虽然不长，但用顺序分译法译出的译文要比用逆序合译法更为通顺。
（2）Let AB in the figure above represent an inclined plane the surface of which is smooth and unbending.
设上图中AB代表一个倾斜平面，其表面光滑不弯。（顺序分译法）
设上图中AB代表一个其表面为光滑不弯的倾斜平面。（逆序合译法）上面两种译法，看来也是用顺序分译法比用逆序合译法更为通顺简明。
3、定语从句较长，与主句关联又不紧密，汉译时就作为独立句放在主句之后。这种译法仍然是顺序分译法。例如：
（1）Such a slow compression carries the gas through a series of states. each of which is very nearly an equilibrium state and it is called a quasi-static or a“ nearly static” process.
这样的缓慢压缩能使这种气体经历一系列的状态，但各状态都很接近于平衡状态，所以叫做准静态过程，或“近似稳定”过程。
4、There + be句型中的限制性定语从句汉译时往往可以把主句中的主语和定语从句溶合一起，译成一个独立的句子。这种译法叫做溶合法，也叫拆译法。例如：
（1）There are bacteria that help plants grow，others that get rid of dead animals and plants by making them decay，and some that live in soil and make it better for growing crops.
有些细菌能帮助植物生长，另一些细菌则通过腐蚀来消除死去的动物和植物，还有一些细菌则生活在土壤里，使土壤变得对种植庄稼更有好处。
状语从句的翻译
2. 科技英语翻译中状语从句的翻译方法
1）时间状语从句及其译法：
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果机器发生故障, 就把开关关掉。
A body at rest will not move until a force is exerted on it.
若无外力的作用，静止的物体不会移动。
2）目的状语从句及其译法：
We keep the battery in a dry place so that electricity may not leak away.
我们把电池放在干燥处，以免漏电。
Much work has been done in order that data can be transmitted by television and read off an ordinary TV screen.
已进行了大量的工作，使情报资料可以通过电视来播送并且在普通电视屏幕上显示出来。
3）地点状语从句及其译法：
Wherever conductors are needed, insulators will be in dispensable.
凡是需要导体的地方，绝缘体就必不可少。
4）原因状语从句及其译法：
Since transistors are extremely small in size and require only small amount of energy, they can make previously large equipment much smaller.
由于晶体管的体积非常小，而且只需要少量的电能，它们能使庞大的设备缩小许多。
在某些情况下也可翻译成汉语中的因果偏正复句的主句。例如：
Because energy can be changed from one form into another, electricity can be changed into heat energy, mechanical energy, light energy, etc.
能量能从一种形式转换为另一种形式，所以电可以转变为热能、机械能、光能等等。
5）条件状语从句及其译法：
If something has the ability to adjust itself to the environment, we say it has intelligence.
如果某物具有适应环境的能力；我们就说它具有智力。
Were there no transformers to adjust the voltage, long-distance transmission of electricity would be impossible.
若无变压器来调节电压，远距离输送电力是不可能的。
6）让步状语从句及其译法：
Although its form can be changed, energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
尽管能量的形式可以转变；但它既不能创造，也不能消灭。
Even though robots can do many things than man does, they cannot replace man.
虽然机器人能做人所做的许多事情，但不能代替人。
Complicated as a modern machine is, it is essentially a combination of simple machines.
现代化的机器虽然复杂，但实质上不过是许多简单机器的组合。
He gets the same result whichever way he did the experiment.
无论用什么方法做实验, 他所得到的结果都是相同的。
7）结果状语从句及其译法：
Electronic computers work so fast that they can solve a very difficult problem in a few seconds.
电子计算机工作速度如此迅速, 一个很难的题目几秒钟之就能解决。
Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldn't develop without it.
电是非常重要的一种能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。
6、名词化在科技英语翻译中的应用
名词化的过程
Process of Nominalization
1) transfer of subject
a) "s" genetive
eg: drivers are demanding for more pay.----
driver's demand for...
b) "of" genetive
eg: A cool flame appears.---
the appearance of a cool..
c) noun modifier
eg: The steam flows.
--- the flow of the steam
--- the steam flow
2) transfer of object
"of" genetive
eg: The system supplies water
--- The supply of water of the system
3) Transfer of adverbials
eg: Oxygen is united with another elements.
--- the union of oxygen with..
Before the dam is built, the source of the water has to be diverted.
--- The building of the dam should be after the diversion of the source of the water.
7、翻译实例与练习
例1 Those functions that describe how a computer software reacts to mechanical design,called application functions,are more often important to the engineer in engineering applications such as analysis, calculation, and simulation in connection with mechanical design because he wishes to know how they will work in use to which he wants to apply them.
关于句子的结构分析:
分析:通读全句,我们初步了解到这句话是讲关于工程师了解计算机软件功能的重要性方面的.
全句共有六个谓语动词: descriSe, reacts to, are,wishes to know, will work和wants to apply,其主语分别为: that(代functions) , computer software, functions, he(代the engineer),they(代functions)和he. 其中, functions句前没有关联词,是主句,其余为从句,即一主五从.另外,important后边分别由to ,in ,in引出三个介词短语在主句中做状语.Called过去分词短语并非就近修饰mechanical design 或computer software,而是隔位修饰functions.主句是由主语(functions)+系动词(are)+表语(important)构成的.主语由that定语从句修饰,其中含有how宾语从句.连词because引出原因状语从句,修饰主句,其中又含有由how引出的宾语从句,从句中的宾语又为to which定语从句所修饰.
整个句子分两层意思:
第一层意思也是中心容,讲的是计算机软件的功能在机械设计中(进行分析,计算和模拟)对工程师很重要.
第二层意思也是次层意思,和第一层意思是从属关系,它解释为什么计算机软件的功能在机械设计中对工程师很重要.
参考译文:
描述计算机软件如何适应机械设计的软件功能(被称为软件的应用功能)对从事诸如机械设计的分析,计算和模拟仿真工作的工程师来说是很重要的,因为他希望了解这些软件功能在他所从事的工作中是如何工作的.
例2 Only by studying such cases of human intelligence with all the details and by comparing the results of exact investigation with the solutions of AI(Artificial Intelligence) usually given in the elementary books on computer science can a computer engineer acquire a thorough understanding of theory and method in AI,develop intelligent computer programs that work in a human like way,and apply them to solving more complex and difficult problems that present computer can't.
分析:本句为复合句,一主一从.主句有一个主语,三个并列谓语.句子以"Only+状语"开头,主句主,谓语部分倒装,主语a computer engineer处于谓语之间,形成can a computer engineer acquire , develop and apply这样一种语序.过去分词given引导的短语做后置定语,修饰前边的solutions of Al ( artificial intelli ge nce).另外,长状语only ... computer science
修饰主句谓语can acquire , develop and apply toThat引导了一个后置定语从句,修饰more complex and difficult problems.
翻译: 一般来说,汉译时要突出长句中的主句部分,将其译在前.但本句是+ Only+状语"开头,作者强调的是状语部分,另外,副词only可转换为汉语的关联词语,使" Only+状语"转为汉语条件偏正复句中的偏句,条件偏句前置.因此,将强调部分译在前为
好,然后再译主句部分.从全句看,英语复合句转化为汉语条件偏正复句,关联词语为"只有…才能.此句采用顺译法,译为:
只有很详细地研究这些人类智能情况,并把实际研究得出的结果与基础计算机科学书上给出的人工智能结论相比较,计算机工程师才能彻底地了解人工智能的理论和方法,开发出具有人类智能的计算机程序,并将其用于解决目前计算机不能解决的更复杂和更难的问题.
例3 More particularly,this invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a film of metal oxides continuously on the surface of ribbon glass by spring thereon a solution of metal compounds at a point in the neighborhood of the inlet to a lehr or the inside thereof when the ribbon glass is being conveyed to the lehr after it has been formed from molten glass.
分析:通读一遍全句,得知本句讲的是有关用于给带玻璃喷涂一层金属氧化膜的一种方法
和装置.这是一个复合句,主句为:this invention(主语)relates to(谓语)a method and apparatus(宾语).Fo:引导了一个介词短语作状语,表达a method and apparatus的用途,by引导的介词短语作状语,表达实现这一用途的方式.在卜引导的介词短语中,又出现了when引导的时间状语从句修饰spraying和afte r引出的时间状语从句修饰is being conveyed.
翻译:在该句中,介词by以前是第一层意思,讲的是该发明所涉及的容,在by以后是第二层意思,讲的是实施该发明容的操作方法.
从翻译方法来看,第一层意思的语序与汉语的相同,故采用顺译法;第二层意思从其容的逻辑关系和专业知识来看,afte:引导的时间状语的动作在先,when引导的时间状语的动作在后,spray这个动作严格地说从时间上还要滞后一点儿.所以,原文语序与汉语的完全相反,故采用逆译法.所以,整个句子的翻译有顺译有逆译,属综合译法.整句翻译为:
更具体地说,本发明涉及在带玻璃表面上连续地喷涂一层金属氧化膜的一种方法和装置.当玻璃由液态成型为带玻璃后,在其被送往退火窑时,从退火窑入口附近或入口里将金属化合物溶液喷到玻璃表面上.
例4 On the other hand,the detained decomposition gas might become the cause of reducing the purity of the metal oxide coating adhered to the ribbon glass in the case the aforementioned decomposition gas is not thoroughly removed from the spraying locale.
分析:通读一遍全句,得知这句话是讲如果在喷射处分解气体没有被彻底地消除的话,会对带玻璃
表面上的金属氧化膜带来什么影响.
这是一个复合句,主句为:主语(the detained decomposition gas)+系词(might become)+表语(the cause of reducing ... ribbon glass)结构.case后边为省略了that的同位语从句,修饰
case o in the cas.为介词短语,在这里表示条件,意思为"在一的情况下.
翻译:该句有两层意思,in the case以前为第一层意思,表示可能产生的结果; in the case
以后为第二层意思,表示产生结果的前提条件.按照汉语的表达习惯应是条件在先,结果在后.所以,该句翻译采用逆译法.译为:
从另一方面来说,如果上面提到的分解气体在喷射处没有被彻底地清除掉的话,那么,留下来的分解气体就会使粘附在带玻璃表面上的金属氧化膜的纯度降低.
科技英语长句翻译中应注意的问题
在进行句子结构分析时,除了借助于语法之外,还要根据专业知识来弄清各层意思之间的逻辑关系,以确定原文的真正含义.有时,我们发现,有些句子翻译出来后,语法上没错误,可译文却语义不通.比如说例1中的called mechanical properties短语从语法上看,它可以理解为是修饰computer software或mechanical design的,但从专业知识上看,语义不合逻辑.
在分析句子结构的基础上,接着就要确定关联词(连词,关系代词和关系副词)的基本词义,有时一个关联词有好几个词义,一定要根据上,下文和专业知识来准确地确定关联词的词义,这是长句翻译准确的关键.
翻译方法并不是固定的,翻译中不可拘泥不变.任何一个长句,只要弄清语法关系的眉目,看透技术上的来龙去脉,就可以适当变动原文结构,灵活处理.
如果对翻译的容不熟悉,一定要翻阅有关这个容方面的资料或书籍,做到起码对这方面的专业知识有一个大概的了解.切忌不懂专业知识,只靠查字典硬翻译.
在汉语表达上应力求文字严谨,避免层次不清,表达混乱,语言文字拖泥带水.同时,也一定要避免歪曲原文的精神实质.
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
科技英语翻译练习
科技翻译练习二 II: 汉译英 VR（虚拟现实）技术可广泛的应用于城市规划、室内设计、工业仿真、古迹复原、桥梁道路设计、房地产销售、旅游教学、水利电力、地质灾害、教育培训等众多领域，为其提供切实可行的解决方案。 在先进制造业领域，站在大飞机发动机的3D影像面前，“可任意拆卸”这个虚拟现实的强项表现得淋漓尽致。操作人员可以把虚拟发动机的许多部件逐一拆下，再进入发动机内部。“虚拟现实”实现了跨平台的交互式设计、虚拟展示、虚拟装配、CAE数据可视化等功能，大幅提高设计团队的设计效率，使研发人员能及时发现、修正设计缺陷和潜在的工艺问题，提高产品开发的制造成功率。 虚拟现实技术在教育培训领域也大有用武之地。为真实实验不具备或难以完成的教学功能创造条件。在涉及高危或极端的环境、不可及或不可逆的操作，高成本、高消耗、大型或综合训练等情况时，虚拟现实技术能提供可靠、安全和经济的实验项目。华东理工大学的G-Magic虚拟现实实验室，就是高校虚拟现实教学的一个范例。该实验室拥有CAVE洞穴式虚拟现实系统，可以把大学生设计的作品投影到墙面、天花板和地面上。比如，学生设计了一间淋浴房，他能利用这套系统把它展现在实验室里，和真实的淋浴房一样大小。营造出这种教学环境后，教师就能与学生更方便地交流各个环节的设计优劣，并随时做出修改。 企业的一些培训项目，同样离不开HYPERLINK "https://www.sodocs.net/doc/41181484.html,/view/7299.htm" \t "_blank" 虚拟现实 。以石油化工为例，众所周知，大型石油灌区集中了大量危险化学品，一旦操作不当，便可能引发火灾、爆炸事故，并造成环境污染等次生灾害。因此，政府和企业对大型石油灌区的安全性和操作人员的专业性提出了很高要求。虚拟现实技术可以构建储罐区应急救援及安全培训系统，它不但能向员工呈现操作流程的各种场景，引导他们学习、掌握安全操作技能，还能模拟事故发生、火光熊熊的场面，让员工在沉浸式虚拟影像中开展救援行动。 VR (Virtual Reality) technology can be widely used in many areas,such as urban planning, interior design, industrial simulation, historic restoration, design of bridges and roads, real estate sales, tourism, education, water power, geological disasters, education and training, and provide practical solutions. In the field of advanced manufacturing, standing in front of large aircraft engines of 3D image, The strengths of virtual -"can be arbitrary tear down" express thoroughly.The operators can put a lot of virtual engine parts one by one, and then into the internal engine.Virtual reality achieves many functions, such as,a cross-platform interactive design, virtual display, virtual assembly, and CAE data visualization capabilities, so it increase the team's design efficiency drastically, and researchers can find the corrected design flaws and potential process problems timely and improve product development manufacturing success rate. Virtual reality technology is also very useful in the field of education and training.It creates conditions for the real tests which are not available or difficult to complete the teaching function.When it refers to high-risk or extreme environments, inaccessible or irreversible operation, high cost, high consumption, large or comprehensive training, etc., virtual reality technology can provide reliable, safe and economical experimental projects.G-Magic Virtual Reality Lab of East China University is an example of virtual reality in University Teaching.The lab has a CAVE virtual reality of cave system and college students’design work can be projected onto the walls, ceiling and floor.For example, the student designed a shower room, he can use the system to show it in the laboratory as the same size as the real
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
西南交通大学研究生科技英语翻译期末复习题
科技英语翻译联系200句 transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 传送电磁波需要能量 control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 is not until wires are connected that the path is completed. 直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。 odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. 对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。 design is of an art rather than an exact science. 与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。 rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。 and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors. 凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。 is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes. 海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。 everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved. 并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。 crane has a certain hitting
科技英语考试翻译
考试日期：05 年12 月31 日 1.为此，必须对电路(circuit)的基本内容有一个很好的了解。 For this purpose, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the fundamentals of the circuit. 2.这个系数(coefficient)有待确定。 This coefficient remains to be determined. 3.现有的教科书均没有提这一点。 None of the textbook available mentions this point. 4.由于反馈(feedback)在电子线路(electronic circuit)中起着重要作用，所以对它的研究极为 重要。 Since feedback plays an important role in the electronic circuit, its study is very important. 5.有迹象表明，计算机的价格将进一步下跌。 There is an indication that the price of computers will fall further. 6.这个方法的确管用，不过到底该在什么情况下使用它尚不清楚。 This method does work, but it is not clear in what condition it is that it should be used. 7.十年前该厂的产量比现在高五倍。 The output of this factory 10 years ago is 6 times what it is now. 8.激光(laser)是二十世纪六十年代引入的一项新技术，它能穿透(pierce)特别硬的物质。 A new technology introduced in the 1960s, laser can pierce very hard substances. 9.为使晶体管(transistor)正常工作，必须给其电极(electrode)加(apply)上合适的电压(voltage)。 For the transistor to work normally, it is necessary to apply a proper voltage across the electrode.
科技英语翻译试题2套
1 答案请写在答题纸上。 Part one: Sentence Translation(30%) 1.为此，必须对电路(circuit)的基本内容有一个很好的了解。 2.这个系数(coefficient)有待确定。 3.现有的教科书均没有提这一点。 4.由于反馈(feedback)在电子线路(electronic circuit)中起着重要作用，所以对它的研 究极为重要。 5.有迹象表明，计算机的价格将进一步下跌。 6.这个方法的确管用，不过到底该在什么情况下使用它尚不清楚。 7.十年前该厂的产量比现在高五倍。 8.激光(laser)是二十世纪六十年代引入的一项新技术，它能穿透(pierce)特别硬的物质。 9.为使晶体管(transistor)正常工作，必须给其电极(electrode)加(apply)上合适的电压 (voltage)。 10.代表磁场(magnetic field)的磁力线(magnetic line of force)是一些围绕该导线的同 心圆(concentric circle)。 11.我们所谓的机器人(robot)实际上是能为人类做工的一种工具。 12.这类天线(antenna)和那类天线相比的优点是结构简单，效率高。 13.半导体(semiconductor)对光和热都很敏感(sensitive)，这两者都对导电率 (conductivity)影响很大。 14.只有通过对系统性能进行研究我们才能了解其优缺点。 15.本书既讲了实际的设计方法，同时也讲述了理论问题，而重点放在一般概念上。 Part two: Mistakes Correction(30%)(Write down the corrected sentence on the answer sheet. ) 1. We are easy to determine the effect of new drug to patient. 2. The direction of an electric current was decided before electrons were not discovered. 3. Sound travel much less faster than light is. 4. The price for this instrument is expensive. 5. There are a few exceptions for this rule. 6. The hotter the body will be, the more it radiates energy. 7. The feature of this device is small in size and light in weight. 8. That professor is very interesting in this topic. 9. Our semiconductor industry comes into being at the end of 1950s. 10. The both engineers are busy to design a type of new computer. 11. Work equals to force multiplying distance. 12. The new design instrument is in good quality. 13. The ability for some elements to give off radiations is referred as the
科技英语翻译考试题目
Part I: Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. (15%) 1. ____________________(爱因斯坦相对论)is the only one which can explain such phenomena. 2. Rate of penetration was found to ____________________ (与……成正比) the net pressure applied by the tool. 3. Being a ______________(非良导体/绝缘体), rubber is often used in cables. 4. Properly speaking, ___________(并非所有的物质) exist in three states. 5. An electric current produces ______________(磁场) around it. 6. With the result of automation, productivity has ___ ___________ (增加了5倍) in that factory. 7. Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current ______________(仅次于银). 8. The neutron has __________________(既不带正电荷，也不带负电荷). 9. When the water temperature is increased, it vaporized more quickly until it reaches ________（沸点）. 10. A __________(变压器) is a very useful device, even though it can be sued only with alternating current. Part Ⅱ: Choose the better rendition for each of the following sentences.(20%) 1.由于我在会上发表论文，如蒙介绍有关会议的详细情况，不胜感激。 A) Because I will deliver a thesis at the conference, I shall appreciate it very much if you could introduce to me the detailed condition of the meeting. B) As I will present a paper at the conference, I will be grateful if you could supply me with detailed information about the meeting. 2. 西安附上我提供会议的论文，题目是“动物克隆在中国”，一式三份，如果要发电子邮件以转录软盘，我可以立即发出。 A) I am enclosing herewith my paper of the topic of “Animal Cloning in China” one form in three B) I am enclosing, in three copies, my paper entitled “Animal Closing in China” for the conference. If req uired, I can send an e-mail for the disk right away. 3．核能发电，是在20世纪才发展起来的新事物。不幸的是，建立和维持核发电厂的成本很高，使得建设速度要比原先预料的慢许多。---中国的第一座核发电厂，是于20世纪后期建立在深圳，靠近香港。 A) Using nuclear energy to generate electricity is a new thing developed in the 20th century. What is unfortunate is that the costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant are very high, making the speed of construction much slower than previously predicted. ----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. B) The production of nuclear power is a new development of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the high costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant have led to a much slower rate of growth than was predicted. -----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. 4. 不少科学家论证说，三国演义里所说的“木牛流马”，可能是一些有相当复杂性的机器，其工作原理可说类似于今天的某些器械装置。 A) Quite a few scientists say by reasoning that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of the Three Kingdo ms could be rather complex machines whose working principles can be said to be like certain mechanical devices of today. B) Quite a few scientists argue that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of Three Kingdoms could be machines of sufficient complexity working on principles supposedly similar to certain present-day mechanical devices. 5. 摘要：本文简单叙述和分析了本实验室最近对猪流感病毒所作的两次实验的成果。 A) Abstract: The results of two experiments on swine flu virus are briefly described and analyzed. B) Abstract: this article simply states and analyzes the results of two experimental tests this laboratory recently performed in the research on swine flu virus. 6. 珠江三角洲在中国的南部，气候良好，交通系统效率高，一向工农业都在快速发展。 A) The Pearl River Delta is to the south of China. It has a nice weather and a highly efficient communication system. Both of its industry and agriculture