2018考研英语真题和翻译

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a re sounding “yes!”

1 helping you feel close and

2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a

3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you

4 getting sick this winter.

In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .

“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds

that’s usually14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugg ing “is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”

Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.

拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。

最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过400名健康成年人进行了研究。他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱”这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒，研究人员推算出，这种对健康的有益影响，大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。

“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、愈发增加的感冒

的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登·科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。”

一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生素，其通常被称为“结合激素”，因为它能促进依附关系，包括母亲与新生婴儿之间的依附关系。催生素主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放进血液里。但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。

Section ⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

First two hours, now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed

over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risks, saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people

in PreCheck.

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms migh t bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.

21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to________.

[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide

[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports

[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks

[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection

22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?

[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags

[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA

[C] An increase in the number of travelers

[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks

23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to________.

[A] faster

[B] quieter

[C] wider

[D] cheaper

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is___________.

[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale

[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation

[C] The government’s reluctance to back it

[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Less Screening for More Safety

[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

Text 1

全文翻译

以前是2小时，现在是3小时——这就是航空当局建议旅客提前到达机场赶国内航班的时间，至少美国一些大的机场是这么建议的，因为安检队伍正变得越来越长。

美国人现在愿意忍受费时的安检程序，以换取更高的安全性。被恐怖分子袭击而坠入地中海的埃及航空804号航班给了大家为什么这么做的一个悲剧提醒。但是对飞机乘客要求太多或者在安全保障方面的成效不足反过来又会降低公众对这一程序的支持。其就会演变成：浪费的时间耽误了美国的经济和私人生活，也会使乘客感到愤怒。

去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，管理局的便衣调查员在尝试偷运武器的时候（无论真假），屡次通过了安检。随后，机场加强了安检措施，同时经济复苏和低油价也导致了国际航班的增加，这些因素就导致包括芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场在内的主要机场的安检队伍变长。目前，安检措施是否变得更加有效尚不得而知，但安检队伍确实变长了。

导致这一问题的部分原因是政府没有预料到乘飞机出行的乘客数量会猛增，

所以美国运输安全管理局现在正紧锣密鼓地在各机场增加新的安检人员。另一个原因是，机场只有这么多空间，能容下的安检队伍有限。还有一个因素可能是，越来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随身行李以避免行李安检费用，尽管航空公司对此强烈反对。

美国运输安全管理局可以采取的一个不需要改造机场或仓促招聘人员的措施，那就是鼓励更多的乘客参加预检项目。预检对游客和美国运输安全管理局而言是双赢的选择。通过背景检查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。这能使美国运输安全管理局能重点检查具有高风险的乘客，从而节省了其他人的时间。美国运输安全管理局计划将2500万乘客纳入预检项目。

然而，这一计划还未达到预期目标，其中的一个主要原因就是定价太高。乘客必须每五年支付85美元进行背景审核。从一开始这一价格就是预检项目的重大缺陷。接下来的改革也许会把价格调整到合理的水平。但是国会应该通过资助预检项目或以别的方式来降低成本的方式直接参与到价格调整中去。

在大部分的游客得忍受不必要排队的痛苦之时，美国运输安全管理局不能继续将资源投入到未充分使用的预检通道中去了。要想让预检项目真的开始起作用，那还需要很长的时间。

Text 2

“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.

[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society

[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times

[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to__________.

[A] its geographical features

[B] its protective surroundings

[C] its religious implications

[D] its existing infrastructure

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because________.

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy __________.

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture

2020年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析

2020年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间 为大家提供2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯 请关注我们网站的更新! 2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 英语1文章明显偏学术，今年考察英语语言发展情况，文章选的英国文化教育协会，是雅思出题组织者。它的主席叫大卫格兰多的 一本书，叫《英语下一步》，他讲到整本书意思是英语将走向何处。 很有意思的是主席曾经这本书里说到了中文将以后成为世界语言。英语1考题作为序言部分作为考题。 今年英语1总体难度和去年相比，刚刚过去2016年考研题稳中 有一点点上升，没有任何难句出现，只是长句。我认为稳中上升。 第一句话有一个单词难一点，(英文)，英语全球性主导地位。翻译里没有考过。(英文)主导地位考过，但是是阅读里经常出现，翻 译都是可以的。这句话基本意思说到了，说英语的人进一步扩大， 这是一个(英文)状语从句。后面跟着有迹象表明，是主句，表明的 迹象是什么呢?从句，英语全球性主导地位在可预见地位将减弱。 fade(英文)略微有难度。我对考研阅读没有那么熟，但是2000 年出现过。如果按照新东方老师关注的精读方法来学习有很好的效果。 第二句话讲到了大卫这个人分析，会终结一些人的(英文)，他们或许会认为英语全球性地位是如此稳定。他们有一次词，是(英语) 如此稳定，英国年轻一代不需要额外学习其他的语言能力。但是会 终结年轻一代的能力。 但是组织的时候要注意一下，有些人认为英语语言地位如此稳定，英国年轻人没有必要学习什么，但是大卫的观点会终结这些人的想法。语序颠倒一下会更好。

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

2018考研英语冲刺之长难句翻译赏析

2018考研英语冲刺之长难句翻译赏析 所谓长难句，就是指句子中有着复杂的结构和一些生僻名词或者熟词僻意词汇，句子本身较长，结构复杂，理解有难度，试想，如果句子中的词汇不是很熟悉，一定会对理解造成一定的影响，考研英语一中会出现超纲词汇，考生不可避免的会“懵”出词汇含义，这就考察到翻译的技巧。下面为考生展现了一些晶灿的长难句翻译，希望考生从中领悟翻译精髓。 It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize s and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 【精彩译文】构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的，这点我们还不是很清楚。 Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it’s knowing when to guess or what question to skip. 【精彩译文】任何一个参加过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。 On another level ,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 【精彩译文】在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人事承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。 The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training , and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom . 【精彩译文】很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然科学领域中表现得最为明显，并且可以用英国的地质学发展作为例证来说明。 The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for“birgin”forest. 【精彩译文】有理论认为亚马逊流域很大一部分从过去的农业耕作中如此完美地恢复了过来，以至于哪些重新生长的部分被好几代生物学家都错误地认为是原始森林。这些发现进一步地证明了这一理论。 An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of student’s career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 【精彩译文】一条五星的界限将支持计算机课堂的人分成两类：一类是从学生的职业前景出发考虑的，另一类人想得是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。 Instead , we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles , which now more than

2018考研英语：教你更好地理解翻译中的原文

2018考研英语：教你更好地理解翻译中的原文 (1)搞清句子结构，辨别主语和谓语。抓住了句子的主干，各部分之间的从属关系也就看得比较清楚，有益于从整体把握句子。 (2)理解虚拟语气。虚拟语气是英语特有的一种表达方式。它包括对现在、未来、过去的假设，在英语中有多种表现，译成汉语时一定要弄清它的对象和范围，尽量把虚拟的意思传达出来。 (3)搞清楚关系。句中如果有代词，应根据上下文找出其所指代的内容，并将其准确地翻译出来。 (4)明白否定的方式。英语思维的特点也表现在它对否定式的用法上，中国读者往往容易在这里产生错误。例如 All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子)在这里是以全部否定的形式来表达部分否定的事实。英语也用双重否定表示肯定，这种现象英语中常见，汉语中并不常见，翻译时需要多加注意。 (5)一词多义。一词多义是很常见的现象。判断词义一定要根据上下文确定其具体的义，不能因为是过去认识的词便不加深究，便草率地按以前的理解翻译而产生错误。如Don’t worry about preparations for this year’s July Fourth parade. Everything is in apple pie order。(别担心今年国庆日游行的准备事宜，样样东西都弄妥当了)如按通常的理解以为apple是“苹果”的意思，就出错了。 (6)注意英国英语和美国英语的不同。英美语言之间有很多差异，比如 英国英语中continent指欧洲大陆，而在美语中，continent却指美洲大陆 又如 英语中homely是“家常的、朴素的”的意思，并无贬义，在美语中却是“不漂亮的”。所以翻译时一定要搞清文章是英语作者还是美国作者写的。 (7)成语。成语具有约定俗成的特点，属于语言中较难理解的部分。英语的某些成语具有形象思维的特点，可以和汉语相吻合，比如 Strike the iron as it is hot.(趁热打铁)但有一个成语的含义与我们的理解大相径庭，如 Claw me and I will claw thee.(互相吹捧)所以翻译时一定要小心。 (8)语意的褒贬与轻重。翻译时还要注意词语的感情色彩，即它是褒、是贬，还是中性。这种感情色彩往往表明了作者的主观态度，好恶与爱憎。把握住它对于正确、传神的翻译是非常必要的。有时单凭个别词是难以判断的，还要根据上下文来判断，因为为达到讽刺的目的，作者可能正话反说或反话正说。 (9)注意文章的语体色彩。如果是专业文章，那么术语一定很多，叙述也较客观，少有个人色彩，翻译时应多选用正式的词语。如果是一般的叙述，则可能日常用语较多，小词和短语较多。翻译时也要注意这一点，以此来确定词语的选择。 (10)留心文化背景。中西文化的差异非常明显。比如，中国的亲戚划分非常仔细，而英

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职

2018年考研英语一真题及答案

2018年考研英语一真题及答案 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24

的更新!2018考研英语翻译真题解析：19考生应关注3个语法点翻译部分较去 2017-12-24 译文】莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。 (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England. 【题目考点】定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构 【句子结构】主句主干：no boy…could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy，that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature，gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。 【重点词汇】grammar school 文法学校ignorant忽视literature文学glory 荣耀 【参考译文】任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

2018年考研英语冲刺翻译训练的三个步骤

2018年考研英语冲刺:翻译训练的三个步骤 新东方在线推荐： 总的来说，翻译句子的方法分为三个步骤：分析句子结构--准确判断词义--重组翻译。 今天我们就以2005年的第一句话为例，来看看这三步应该如何分析。 【例句】Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (一)分析句子结构 通读这句话，我们会发现这是个由and连接的两个并列句。这时就需要我们分别分析and前后的两个分句。 and之前的一句话：Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed. 其主语是television，谓语是be动词is，宾语是one of the means，其后还有by which引导的定语从句修饰先行 词one of the means. 这句话的结构比较简单。 and之后的一句话：perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 这句话由于否定副词never before置于句首引起部分倒装，所以应该首先将其还原为正常语序：It perhaps has never served so much... to connect different peoples and nations是不定式结构做目的状语。as in the recent events in Europe是as引导的比较状语从句，这里也省略了主句提到的内容，补充完整是as it has served to connect different peoples and nations in the recent events in Europe.这句话的结构较前一句话相对复杂。 (二)判断词义 【means】作为名词，表示方式，途径 【these feelings】指示代词，指代前面(非划线部分)的skepticism and optimism。所以feelings这里应译为情绪或感受，而不是感情。 【create】引发 【convey】传达 【it】代词，需要找到它所指代的名词，television 【serve so much】serve这里不是大家熟悉的意思服务，应该意译为发挥很大的作用 【peoples】复数形式，表示民族

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏

考研英语翻译历年真题

1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，

历年考研英语真题作文考研十年作文精选范文+翻译

考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011） 一、题目 2002 Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International” In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. 2004 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the drawing. 2. interpret its meaning, and 3. support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

2018考研英语：翻译如何达到大纲标准

2018考研英语：翻译如何达到大纲标准 考研英语翻译常以长难句为主，不仅词汇量大，而且语法结构复杂，难度不小。 而对于做好翻译题的标准，2018考研英语大纲给出了明确要求：准确、完整、通顺。 如何实现这三个标准？以一个句子为例，推荐常见的四步法： 【例句】A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Step1：找主干 翻译的前提是读懂句子，第一步就是分析语法结构，找准句子主干。哪怕结构再复杂的句子，都有且只有一个主干，认准谓语动词，主干就很好找。这句话的主干就是：Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life. Step2：分析句子结构 找准主干之后，剩下的就都是修饰成分。把这些修饰成分和修饰的对象都找出来，一一对应，整理清楚，句子的语法结构也就明了了。 在此句中，A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology为状语，修饰主干；for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation也是状语，修饰主干；in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions为状语中的定语从句，修饰”situation”；（that）they were called upon to perform是定语从句中的定语从句，修饰”actions”。 Step3：先译分句 因为句子结构复杂，包含多层意思，很难直接完整地译出来，且中、英表达方式不同，语序难以对应，所以需要先把修饰部分单独逐个翻译，译成几个分句。 先翻第一个状语，它不影响主干表达：A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology译为“几年前，在一次行为心理学中最吸引人但又最让人不安的实验中”。 再译主干部分：Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life，译为“来自耶鲁大学的Stanley Milgram测试了来自各行各业的40个实验对象”。 按顺序往下译，第二个状语部分：for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation，其中为了表达更顺畅，可以把“their willingness”名词转换为动词，译为“测试出在某一个情形中，他们愿意遵守由一个领导者发出的指令。” 最后译定语从句：in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform，译为“在这一情形中，实验对象可能会对被要求实施的行为产生个人的厌恶感”。 Step4：将分句连成整句，使通顺

考研《英语一》翻译真题及解析

考研《英语一》翻译真题及解析 新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费 2017年考研英语一的翻译题型部分，整体来说难度不大，与2016年难度基本持平，考察的是英语语言发展情况，文章选自英国文化教育协会的一本书，叫《英语下一步》。英语一的考题是此书的序言部分。下面就是跨考英语教研室的英语老师对2017年考研英语一翻译真题的最新解析和参考译文。 (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. 参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。 句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 结构，主句前是让步状语，signs后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within结构是时间状语。expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。 (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities. 参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位十分稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。 句子解析：此句为复合句，who之前是主句，结构是主谓宾，His analysis是

历年考研英语翻译真题

1996年英译汉试题 (1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. (2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. (3)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. (4)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. (5)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 1997年英译汉试题 (6)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. (7)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. (8)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (9)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. (10)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 1998年英译汉试题 (11)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

2018年考研英语翻译之顺序翻译

2018年考研英语翻译之顺序翻译 顺序法：当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如： 例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题) 分析：该句子由一个主句，三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成，共有五层意思：A.既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时;B.电仍在为我们工作;C.帮我们开动电冰箱;D.加热水;E.或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致，因此，我们可以通过顺序法，把该句翻译成:即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。 例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited,and it is even possibleto give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”,the time it will take to exhaust allknown sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题) 分析：该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”，it为形式主语，that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to…结构，其中，不定式作主语，the time…是“expectationof life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构，表达了四个层次的意义： A.可是现在人们意识到; B.其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C.人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D.将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。 根据同位语从句的翻译方法，把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整，整个句子就翻译为：可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 下面我们再列举几个实例： 例3. Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking anyfeatures that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictionsimposed by the male-dominated culture. 在20世纪以前，小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点，因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。 例4. This method of using“controls”can be applied to a variety of situations，and can beused to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is torust?”and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one se ason?” 这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况，也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案，从“铁生锈，是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”