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国际商务英语课文电子版+课后习题答案 lesson(1)

国际商务英语课文电子版+课后习题答案 lesson(1)
国际商务英语课文电子版+课后习题答案 lesson(1)

Lesson (1)

International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan. International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings are some major differences between the two:

1.The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law. 2.Different counties usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.

3.Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.

4.Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.

With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement. International business first took the form of commodity trade, i. e. exporting and importing goods produced or

manufactured in one countryfor consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade.

Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade. Today, the contribution of service industries of the developed countries constitutes over 60 %of their gross domestic products and account for an increasing proportion of world trade.

Another important form of international business is supplying capital by residents of one country to another, known as international investment. Such investments can be classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of the investor is located is called the home country. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit. Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds. Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars.

Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use

its intellectual propertyto a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks , brand names , patents , copyrights or technology. Firms choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country. However, it is not advisable to use licensing in countries with weak intellectual property protection since the licensor may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement.

Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.

The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.

Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonuses based on profitability or sales growth are

also specialized in management contracts. Government policies often have a lot to do with management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choiceenabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.

By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e. g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages from production in host countries. However, loss of control over the production process may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery.

For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser.

BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common

turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.

Answer the following questions:

What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.

A:International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.

Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:

Differences in legal systems

Differences in currencies

Differences in cultural background

Different in natural and economic conditions

Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?

A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade. The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. The later is become more and more important.

Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business? A: Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.

Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference?

A: FDI (Foreign direct investment) is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.

What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?

A: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.

What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?

A: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques

for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.

What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?

A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.

What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it? A: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.

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第2课《学会查“无字字典”》4、读课文,说说爸爸是怎样解释“骄阳似火”、“惊涛拍岸”的,并把有关的句子画下来。 爸爸在解释这两个词语时,采取的方法不是灌输,而是通过提问,以及在由此产生的对话中聪聪进行启发。解释“骄阳似火”,爸爸联系被烈日“晒蔫”的树叶引导聪聪获得真实的感受;解释“惊涛拍岸”,爸爸是在聪聪观察大海波涛的基础上,引导聪聪由眼前的情景去体会“惊涛拍岸”的意境。具体句子见文中。 第4课《做一片美的叶子》4、假如你就是大树上那片美丽的叶子,你会想些什么?你会对大树、对人们说些什么? 答:如果我是大树上那片美丽的叶子,我是大树的一部分,我要为大树而生,把阳光变成生命的乳汁奉献给大树。我会对大树说:“大树妈妈,没有您,我是无法生存的,我一定尽自己的力量,为您输送营养,让您变得更加茁壮、青翠。”我还要对人们说:“社会如同一棵大树,你们就是树上那一片平凡的叶子,你们也要为社会作贡献,让社会变得更加美丽。”练习一口语交际《小小读书交流会》 交流时请有条理地说说自己最近读过的书的书名、作者以及书的内容。 范例:我的读书交流会 我最近读了中国古典文学名著《三国演义》,作者是罗贯中,主要讲了汉朝末年,魏、蜀、吴三国争霸天下的故事,这本书可精彩啦!有过五关斩六将的关羽,有神机妙算的诸葛亮,有能在万军之中取敌人首级的赵云。。。。。。。一个个生动的故事,一个个鲜明的人物,读来令人爱不释手。 相信今天我的讲述,一定会引起你阅读《三国演义》的兴趣,那就拿起书来读一读,到时候,我们也可以来一个“品茶论英雄”嘛! 第5课《北大荒的秋天》4、说说下面的词各表示什么颜色。每读一个你联想到什么?你能再找几个这种类型的词吗? (1)银灰:像白银那样的灰色;血红:像鲜血那样的红色;橘黄:像橘子那样的黄色:金黄:像金子那样的黄色。(2)读后会依次联想到白银、血、橘子、黄金。(3)类似的词语还有:枣红、草绿、雪白、墨黑、杏黄、天蓝、苹果绿、鸡冠红等。 第6课《西湖》读句子,任选两个带点的词语说话。 1、平静的湖面,犹如一面硕大的银镜。 2、孤山东边的白堤和西南的苏堤,就像两条绿色的绸带,轻柔地漂浮在碧水之上。 3、明净的湖水晃动着绿岛和白云的倒影,仿佛仙境一般。 4、岸边的华灯倒映在湖中,宛如无数的银蛇在游动。 例子:犹如:南湖公园,犹如一颗明珠镶嵌在美丽的南端。 像:圆圆的月亮像硕大的银盘挂在空中。 仿佛:母亲河南北贯穿,蜿蜒曲折,仿佛一串银链。 宛如:万里长城宛如一条巨龙卧在山峦之间。 练习二口语交际当有人敲门的时候 当一个人在家时,必须通过门镜(猫眼)或询问,弄清敲门人身份,才决定是否开门。如果是亲朋好友,或非常熟悉的人,就要开门纳客,充满热情,礼貌待客。如果是陌生人,不要开门,但说话要得体:“对不起,我不认识你,你要找的人不再家,如果有急事,是否让我用电话联系你要找的人。”“请问,您找谁?您是哪一位?您与要找的人是什么关系?对不起,您要找的人不在家。” 第8课《蒲公英》4、假如你是太阳公公,会怎样劝告那两颗想落到沙漠里湖泊里的小种子? 答:我会劝告它们,做事不要被表面现象所迷惑,要实事求是,不要有不切实际的幻想。第9课《三袋麦子》4、小猪、小牛、小猴的做法你最赞成谁的?为什么?如果是你,会怎

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