新概念英语第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson53

新概念英语第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson53【课文】

The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.

The Swedes were the first to recognize that public

official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme

to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a

person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the

person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer

to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints

large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on

his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the

nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official

or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district

asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was

justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained

that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official

files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this

out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

【课文翻译】

斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和

不称职的政府官员的欺压。因为这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。

是瑞典人首先理解到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过

了头。早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会

内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调

查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管

他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的

制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并实行调查。因为意见均

需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位

律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没

有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见

准确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性

质不同而有所不同。他能够善意地批评某位官员，也能够甚至向议会

提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。

一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警

察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地

警察局长，请他寄送与此事相关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证

明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这个指控。司法特

派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的

一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实

有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档

案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了

解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员即时采取的行动，迅速制止了这个起不愉

快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。

【词汇】

evolve v. 逐渐形成

high-handed adj. 高压的，专横的

incompetent adj. 不够格的，不称职的

over-zealously adv. 过度热情地safeguard v. 保护

parliamentary adj. 国会的

qalified adj. 合格的

grievance n. 不平，冤屈Justiteombudsman n. (瑞典的)司法特派员ombudsman n. (瑞典和英国的)司法特派员secretive adj. 保密的

correspondence n. 来往信件

alter v. 改变

accusation n. 谴责，指控

ascertain v. 查出，查明

prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，不公平的prompt adj. 即时的

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