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2021考研英语翻译题做题技巧

2021考研英语翻译题做题技巧
2021考研英语翻译题做题技巧

2021考研英语翻译题做题技巧?

一、理解英语原文,拆分语法结构

由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点,也就是说,英语句子无论多么复杂,都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的“像葡萄藤一样”的结构。如果搞不清楚句子的语法结构,考生是很难做出正确的翻译的。因此在翻译句子之前,须先通读全句,一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构,这是正式动笔翻译之前的一项重要准备工作。但是考英语一的同学们要注意,英语一翻译题没有要通读全文,一般只读需要翻译的句子就可以。

那么怎么拆分呢?具体来讲,大家可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分,进而更加有效地理解英语原文。

1.基本原则:

把主句和从句拆分出来,把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。

2.连词:

如and,or,but,yet,for等并列连词连接着并列句还有连接状语从句的连接词,如:when,as,since,until,before,after,where,because,since,thought,although,sothat,......等等,它们是考生要寻找的第一大拆分点。

3.关系词:

如连接名词性从句的who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever 等关系代词和when,where,how,why等关系副词还有连接定语从句的关系代词,如who,which,that,whom,whose等等,它们是第二大拆分点。

4.标点符号:

标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分,也是一个明显的拆分点。

5.除此之外,介词on,in,with,at,of,to等引导的介词短语,不定式符号to,分词结构也可以作为拆分点。

二、运用翻译策略,组合汉语译文

正确理解原文后,接下来就是翻译。翻译时,关键是综合运用各种翻译方法将英文的原意忠实地表达出来。主要有如下翻译技巧。

1.词汇的增减转

由于英汉两种语言的差异,在英文看上去比较正常的句子,译成汉语时,如果不或增或减一些词可能无法把英文的原意表达出来,这样就需要适当地运用添减词法。词本无意,意由境生,翻译时考生需要注意词性的转化,经常碰到将名词转化成动词翻译,将具体名词转化成抽象名词进行翻译的情况。

2.代词的译法

代词一般需要转译成名词,即把其所指代的意义译出。

3.人名地名的译法

一般来说,地名需要写出约定俗成的汉语译名,一些著名人物也按约定俗成的译名去翻译(如:Darwin应译为“达尔文”),普通人名可以音译。

4.定语从句的译法

第一种译法,当从句结构和意义比较简单,不会对主句部分造成理解上的困难,此时可以前置法,把它翻译成“…的”的定语词组,并放在被修饰词的前面。将英语的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。第二种译法,当从句结构较为复杂,意义较为繁琐,意思表达不清时,选择用后置法,此时把定语从句单独翻译成一个句子,放在原来它所修饰的词的后面,关系代词可以翻译为先行词,或者与先行词相对应的代词。

5.状语从句的译法

状语从句较为简单,考生需重点关注引导词:since,howerve,while,for,as等,根据具体的句际逻辑关系来确定其语境意义。

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