英语专汉译英及参考标准答案

英语专汉译英及参考标准答案

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2

CHINESE TO ENGLISH

乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”

ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life- engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleas u re of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the ad vertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.

We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，"有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”

The songs to which Qiao Y u contributed lyrics are familiar to us. But few of us knew his two hobbies—drinking and angling. Qiao Yu developed his interest in fishing in his advanced years. He said, “a place with water and fish usually affords a beautiful environment, which in turn buoy up our mood. For me, the best sites for angling are not where starving fish are for ready capture, but the naturally attractive scenic spots.” Angling is edifying and beneficial to one’s physical and mental health.

Qiao Yu said, “There are three ends of angling. The first end is for eating fish. The second end is for both fish-eating and fishing pleasure. The third end is largely the delight taken in angling when one, with a pond of clear water before one’s eyes, leaves behind all the worries, putting the body and mind in full repose.

这是一篇关于词作家乔羽的人物特写，原文貌似难度不大，但是某些词句的处理颇费思量，稍有不慎就会出错。下面逐句点评。

1第一句中“乔羽的歌”不能轻易翻译为“The songs of Qiao Yu”,这样英语读者将不明白乔羽到底是歌手还是作曲和作词，所以要将这一空白背景知识填充上。歌曲的歌词用“lyrics”来表示。“contribute”表示“撰稿”。

2本文中的“钓鱼”最好使用“angling”,表示“垂钓”，fishing的意义过于泛泛，渔船捕鱼也可以用。

3晚年即可以是“暮年”“衰年”也可以是“晚晴时分”，本文倾向于后者，所以译文处理为“advanced years”,不翻译为“declining years” “senile years”。

4本句中“有”字出现了四次，但是不能一概处理为谓语动词，而应该分别处理为状语与谓语。“buoy up”表示“提升，抬升”。

5该句是本文的一个难点。所谓“饿鱼”是指商家故意令饲养的鱼儿挨饿，这样好让钓客轻易钓到鱼，所以翻译时应把这层字里行间的意思翻译出来，利用添词法，译为“starving fish…for ready capture"。“野外天成”简单处理为“naturally scenic spots”就可以了，汉语行文爱用一些这样半文半白的四字成语，翻译成英语达意即可，不必拘泥于原文。

6 “身心”一般情况下都翻译为“physical and mental”。7最后一句是原文的重心所在，且在结构上很整齐（钓鱼的三个层次），翻译时注意结构的排比。“阶段”一词在本文语境下就是钓鱼的三个“目的”，不必拔高成“境界”之类，翻译成“realm”,当然如果那样翻译也不能算错。

1995-2009年英语专业八级翻译

汉译英真题及参考答案

1995

简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。

参考译文：

However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive

factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.

1996

近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。

在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。

参考译文：

In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.

1997

C-E原文：

来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。

参考译文：

My tutor/supervisor was of Asian descent who drank and smoked a lot (had a habit of drinking and smoking) and was quite hot/short /quick-tempered. However, he highly appreciated Asian students for their diligence and solid command of fundamental knowledge (he admired the diligence of Asian students and their firm grounding in science), and he knew well about what they thought and how they felt. That was why of the 6 students admitted to his lab that year 5 were of Asian descent with only one from Germany. On the door of his lab there was an eye-catching notice which read, ”Lab assistants must work with devotion from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m., 7 days a week.’ Harsh and demanding, the tutor had earned a campus-wide reputation for his strictness with students. During the 3 and a half years when I stayed with him, a total of 14students were admitted to his lab but only 5 succeeded in taking their doctoral degrees/managed to complete their Ph.D. studies.

1998

1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……

这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。

日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……

参考译文：

The visit to Taiwan was busy but fruitful. We went to many places and made many new friends as well as meeting with old ones. When we were together, the topic for common concern was about how to build a

stronger and more prosperous China in the coming 21st century. Although we (young people from the mainland and those from Taiwan live in ) are from different social environment with different life experiences, we all have the fine tradition of the Chinese culture deeply engraved upon our heart and we all share the common dream of revitalizing our Chinese nation. In this great trans-century times when our motherland is marching towards prosperity, there should be more frequent contacts between people from the two sides of the Taiwan Straits so that they/we can work together for an earlier reunification of the motherland. Opportunities as well as challenges provided by the turn of the century have pushed us to the stage of the history. What should we youth, a cross-century generation, do to welcome/embrace the new century of hope? This is a question we (all have to answer) cannot shun.

1999

C-E原文：

加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。

温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。参考译文：

Vancouver’s prosperity owes to the intelligence and diligence of the people there, as well as to the contributions made by a variety of other ethnic groups. Canada is vast country with a sparse population, having a territory larger than that of China but a population of less than 30 million. That is why Canada has long adopted a national policy of absorbing immigrants from other countries. We may say that, with the exception of the (aboriginal) Indian people, Canadians are made up immigrants, different from each other only in how long they have settled down there. Vancouver is most typical of this which is among the few cities in the world featuring multi-nationalities. Of the 18 million people living in Vancouver nowadays, half were not born in Vancouver and 1/4 is from Asia. Out of the 250 thousand Chinese-Canadians who have played a decisive role in Vancouver’s economic growth, half have immigrated to the region only 5 years before. All these Chinese-Canadians have made Vancouver the region with the largest Chinese communities outside China.

2000

C-E原文：

中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。

中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。

参考译文（1）

The first generation (of) museums in the world were museums of natural history, which made known the evolution of the earth and all kinds of living creatures by displaying to the audience fossils and specimens. The second generation museums were those of individual technologies. What they exhibited were achievements in different historical periods/at different stages brought about by industrial civilization. These two generations of museums had helped to spread the scientific knowledge (had played a role in spreading scientific knowledge), however, they have taken/regarded/treated visitors as passive spectators/ onlookers.

The third generation museums in the world give full expression_rs to various modern concepts and fresh ideas (are full of innovative ideas and concepts/are totally new in their conception). (They are more interactive, so that), where visitors can have a careful observation of the exhibits by having their hands on them/touching them and operating them, which brings museum-goers closer to the advanced science and technology, closer to where their mystery lies.

2001

C-E原文

乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”

参考译文：

In his declining years Qiao Yu was fond of angling. He once said, “The places where have both water and fishes are generally in nice environment that can put people in good mood. The best angling place, I think, is not the comfortable angling park where hungry fishes are prepared, but the appealing natural one.” Angling is an exercise that can mould one’s temperament and make him sound in body and mind, as Qiao Yu said, “Fishing can be divided into three phases: the first is for angling, the second is for angling and interest as well, and the third is mainly for angling interest. When facing a pool of open green water, one can forget the worries and nuisances completely and relax himself fully.”2002

大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，除草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。

参考译文：

The bounty of Nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the garden to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, playing the violins, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down.

Nature is indiscriminately bounteous to human beings, rich or poor. Hence they are, without exception, heavily dependent on her. Particularly in the countryside, people have been living a life as invariably as hundreds of years ago—planting crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wine, feeding and milking cows, cutting weeds and cultivating flowers, going to church to pray at weekends, playing music and singing and dancing in the open square. The idyllic farmland of the bygone days still remains our sweet homeland of today. Thus, every place boasts of the folklores and customs of its own that have been handed down from generation to generation.

本篇文章在文风上类似一篇译作的回译，在翻译时应尽可能使用“形合”，来传达出原文“意合”的语言风格。下面逐句点评。

1第一句中“自然”通常不加冠词，这是惯用法。“一律平等”暗指没有歧视性的，故使用“indiscriminately”,“恩赐”可以翻译成blessings,但使用“bounteous”在英文中更常见。

2第二句中“深深地”应翻译成“heavily”，其他如“deeply” “profoundly”较少见。

3第三句中“一成不变”意为“多年来一直没有改变”，可考虑使用“invariably”。

4第四句句子很长，且内容是对上一句的具体化，所以翻译时可采用合句法，将本句与上句合并，另外在形式上把个并列成分保持统一，全部使用现在分词。

5第五句中“往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园”，本句在结构上很有特点，主语和宾语在结构上对称且押韵，翻译时应注意尽量保留这些特点。

6最后一句话中“有”，不翻译成“have” 或“possess”，而使用“boast”,表示自豪地拥有。

2003

得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

参考译文：

Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs (in my family) owing to my doting parents. Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden. On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there. I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests/helping treat(host) the

guests . Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.

I was a spoiled child of my parents and behaved like a little lord in the family until I fell ill.

Now quarantined and confined in a hillside lodge in the garden, I seemed, all of a sudden, to fall into disfavor, and got pathetic and forlorn. One early evening in spring, my parents held a splendid feast in the garden where all the flowers were riotous bloom. Guests gathered together, their chat and laughter ringing around.

From my lodge on the slope, by lifting the curtain quietly, I took a peep at the hustle and bustle of the wide world outside. My siblings and cousins mixed well and joyfully in the company. Instantly I was seized by a fit of resentful sadness. I couldn’t he lp but burst out crying, feeling abandoned and forgotten.

本篇是历年八级翻译中较难的一篇，难点主要有两：一是全篇从孩子的视角进行描述，所以某些贬义词语被赋予一种童趣，而不可照字面直译，二是“四字格”成语很多，需要考生仔细思考。下面逐句点评该篇。

1第一句“得病以前”不译为“Before I fell ill”,因为before用在全篇首句句首，显得突兀生硬，且与下文也缺乏连贯性，出于语篇连贯的考虑，改为“until I fell il”放在第一句句尾。“受父母宠爱”是一种生活状态，所以不翻译为“be spoiled by my parents”,而翻译为“be a spoilt child of my parents”,因为前者动作性过强，而后者更侧重于状态。“横行霸道”一词并不真正指像恶霸一样作恶，而是孩子的不服管教，所以译为“behave like a little lord”既贴切又充满童趣。

2 第二句的难点还是要把“冷宫”“拘禁”“郁郁不得志”等词汇结合语境，用孩子的视角重新加以诠释。“quarantine” 专指处于医疗保护而进行的隔离, “lodge”在英语中就是“小屋”，前面无须再加small。3该句中信息点较多，“百花开放”，“父母设宴”，“宾客云集”，在翻译时可考虑拆分成两句。花朵“怒放”，表明非常茂盛，英语散文诗歌中经常使用的短语是“riotous bloom”.笑语翻译为“laughter and chat”既贴切又押尾韵。

4本句中的“大千世界，一片喧闹”可以使用英语惯用语“wide world”和“hustle and bustle”,前者押头韵，后者押尾韵。

5本句中“穿插其间”很不好翻译，译得不好会过于“动作化”，而忽视原文主要描写的是场景，强调的是状态。译者应身临其境想想晚会场景，川流不息的人群，从一个谈话群转移到另一个谈话群，我们可以使用mix well and joyfully 来传达该意思。Siblings 等于brothers+sisters,这样简化笔墨。

6最后一句也相当不好译。“somebody is seized by…”这个句型表示“…被某种（情绪）控制”，“a fit of”表示“（情感）的一阵…”。

2004

在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”。

参考译文：

We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance. This is like dining in a restaurant. You will be not only favorably impressed with the first two courses. However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungry when you start to eat. As the saying goes, “Hunger is the best sauce”, and vice versa. We should not be idealistic in our social relationships. It’s interesting to note that we tend to be impressed with the merits of a stranger in our initial contacts with him or her. It is analogous to our experience of eating in a restaurant. The starter or hors de oeuvre usually tastes good. The first two main courses also easily command our full praises. But with more dishes being served, our passion gradually recedes. When the dinner is finished, you will find all faults with it. You attitude converts from delight to anger, from praise to blame, from satisfaction to disappointment. What amounts to this is that at the start of a meal the sense of hunger brings a sound appetite while at the end of it a full stomach extinguishes it. Hunger welcomes the coarse food;while satiation repels the choice dish;

“饥者眼中尽佳肴,饱者口内无美食。”

本篇全文以“人际关系” 与“饮食” 的比喻构成主体,这也是全文的大语境,翻译时需牢记。里面涉及到一些饮食词汇，如“主菜”，“头盘”，“冷碟”，对考生这方面词汇是一个考验。下面逐句点评该篇文章。

1 “人际关系”翻译为“social relationships”,注意这里要使用复数。“浪漫主义”最好不要翻译成“ romantic”,因为此处汉语原文实际含义是“不要太理想化”，所以用“idealistic”更好。

2第二句中“往往”在英语中有一个经常对应的表达“tend to”,初学者在这里好使用“always”这样的副词，

须知，在意义的传递中，名词，动词的表现力远远大过副词和形容词。“优点”应翻译为“merits”。

3第三句引出了“类比”的话题，在英文中类比通常使用“analogy”,形容词形式是“analogous”。

4第四句中“印象很好”不可翻译成“good impressions”,这里应结合语境，处理成“taste good”,另外“头盘”和“冷碟”都是专有词汇，需注意。Hors de ouvre 在英语中是法语外来语，很多和烹饪有关的词汇都来源于法语，如“menu, mutton”等。

5本句中“赞不绝口”，就是“博得众人的称赞”，翻译为“command full praises”非常贴切。

6本句中“越吃越冷静”冷静不可翻译为“sober”或“calm”,这里的“冷静”指的是（吃饭的）热情退潮，所以翻译为passion recede.

7 “挑缺点，找刺”英语中通常使用“find fault with”, fault finder表示爱找茬的人。

8本句中“转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头”为排比结构，翻译时应在结构上保持一定的整齐。

9最后一句中“饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜”涉及俗语的翻译，俗语的翻译应讲求三个原则：1）用词上多用日常词汇，少用三音节以上的大词；2）音韵上尽量保持原作的抑扬顿挫；3）结构上保留原文的整齐性。

2005

一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

参考译文：

What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of one’s existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.

Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. And the same is true of the common labourers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country. (选自2006年第一期《中国翻译》)

Is there any scale that measures the meaning of one’s life? Although an absolute scale is hardly available, an appropriate judgment could be made from how carefully and conscientiously he approaches life, how he lives and works.

Throughout the history, all the accomplished men (the great achievers) take their lives seriously. They made the best use of each and every day of their lives to work and study as much as possible instead of idling away. The average laborers as well as great statesmen, sages of all generations, all of them were no exception.

这篇文章属于语言平实的论说文体,所谈的道理在中英文中均常见,也不涉及文化专有项与各种典故,在历年八级考试汉英翻译题中属于较为容易的一篇。下面逐句点评这篇文章。

1 第一句中“标准”一词，除了使用“scale”,也可以使用“yardstick”。在句式选择上使用“there be”句型较好,论说文体通常多用“one”和“there be…”等不带人称感情色彩的词汇,以示论述的公正。

2第二句主要还是句型问题,该句汉语原文是无主句,通常无主句译法有两种,一是将全句翻译成被动句,其二是添加代词“one”作主语,保留主动语态,参考译文中使用了第一种处理方法。

3第三句中“古来”表示“自古至今”，宜翻译为“throughout the ages”, throughout表示贯穿始终,如果改为“from ancient time to the present”,则显得既罗嗦又绵软无力。“有成就的人”既可翻译为great achievers, 也可翻译为all accomplished men.

4第四句中“当他活着一天”不翻译为“as long as he lives”,而翻译为“make the best use of each and every day of their lives”,强调意味更浓,且可以避免使用从句。记住：表达相同的意思，汉语倾向于使用从句等级阶高的句法单位，英语倾向于使用级阶低的句法单位。

5 第五句中“莫不如此”应翻译为“no exception”,而不可翻译为“not exceptional”,因为“exceptional”表示“杰出的,出色的” 。

2006

中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小的多。何况中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。

参考译文：

Chinese people has never thought of human being as the highest creature among everything since ancient times, whose reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion with all others in our natural world in both aspects of philosophy and arts, but not as an absolute dominant ruler. Therefore, our bitterness and depression are basically less than those of westerners, because the intensity of which is growing with the expansion of one's desire and ambition. People in the agriculture

society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their wants are far less either. Besides, ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material, not driven by material" as the major philosophy.

参考译文：

In Chinese mind, man has never been granted supremacy above anything else. Their activities in philosophy, literature and arts have demonstrated the position of man in nature, an appropriate rather than superior position in relation to other species. Hence compared with westerners, we feel far less frustrated, for frustration varies with aspiration and ambition. People received less luxury in agrarian society than in industrial one, and accordingly they aspired less. Besides, people in ancient China held the life philosophy that one should not be confined to and enslaved by material possessions.

讲评: 该篇文章与05年汉译英试题同属论说文体,但在思想内容与语言难度上均有所提高。有些文言化的表达在翻译时更需谨慎，既要尽可能体现出原文言词汇的典雅与对称，又要充分达意，不能以“己之昏昏”，示“人之昭昭”。下面逐句点评该篇文章。

1第一句中“中华民族” 一词,乍一看理所当然应翻译为“Chinese people”,但在本句中,有一个小语境“把…看作” ,所以将该语境因素考虑进去,翻译为“Chinese mind”, Chinese mind=Chinese people +their traditional thoughts。

2第二句中的“表现”一词，应译为“activities”,表示人类在“哲学文艺方面” 的活动, “占着一个比例较为恰当的地位”与“而非绝对统治万物的主宰”在语义上是并列关系,故在译文中处理为“an appropriate rather than superior position in relation to other species.”

3第三句中“苦闷” 不可轻易处理为“depression”或“melancholy”等词,因为根据上文语境,本句中“苦闷” 的源头是欲望得不到满足与实现,所以frustration是较好的选择。“随…而转移”对应的句式为“vary…with”

4 第四句中“享受” 不应翻译为“enjoyments”,因为“enjoyment”偏中性,而在本文中是侧重于物质享受,故改用“luxury”

5 最后一句中难点在于“不滞于物” “不以物役” 。通常在哲学文体中，“万物”的概念可以翻译为“universal beings”,在本文中是指“身外” 供“享受”之物,所以翻译成“material possessions”

2007

暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。

参考译文：

Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.

参考译文：

Just beside this lovely picture, on the riverside, a flock of sheep were grazing with heads bowed. Almost none of them could afford to take a good look at the beautiful sunset. They might seize the moment before heading homeward for the last mouthful of grass. What a scene on the bank of the Yellow River! The shepherd was gone, resting somewhere. Only these animals were left to themselves, enjoying the dusk to the full. They are well fed by the lush grass here. A closer look will reveal their snow-white teeth and their rich yet innocent expressions.

讲评: 这是一篇写景抒情文,在历年八级翻译试题中难度中等偏上.和议论性文体相比,抒情性文体译意容易,译味较难,需要在原文语意、词汇选择、句子连贯等方面下足功夫。下面逐句评点该题。

1第一句中“绚烂”一词不必根据汉英字典等工具书对译为“luxuriant” 或“glowing”, 因为汉语原文的后半部分内容其实较为平实,对“luxuriant”等词不构成语境支撑。

“一群羊”应译为“a f l ock of”,不同的动物“群体”在英语中对应固定的表达,如：a herd of cattle, a herd of horses,a flock of sheep,a flock of ducks,a pack of dogs, a pack of wolves, a swarm of bees等,这些须熟记。

2第二句中“顾得上”应译为“afford to”,意为“可以承受做某事”,与汉语原文语境吻合。

3第三句中“抓紧时间”动词选用“seize”为佳，“seize”一词含有“时间紧迫，抓紧时间做事”之意，毛主席名句“一万年太久，只争朝夕”，翻译家许渊冲翻译为“Ten thousands years is too long, seize the day,

seize the hour.”。本句中“回家”，用“heading homeward”代替“going home”, 既可以压头韵（alliteration）又使译文读起来诗意盎然，英国桂冠诗人格雷的名作《墓园挽歌》的首节的意境与本句相仿。（“The plowman homeward plods his weary way/And leaves the world to darkness and to me.”）

4第四句在句式选择上应翻译为感叹句，显得简短有力。

5第五句看似简单，其实相当不好译。该句主要传达的意思是“牧羊人不见了，他去休息了”，至于具体在何处休息，不是该句的信息重点。所以在翻译中，要采取模糊处理法，化实为虚，“不知在何处休息”译为“resting where he is”,而不实实在在翻译为“no one knows where he rests”

6第六句中“享受黄昏”运用添词法译为“enjoying the dusk to the full”, 用以传递出羊群自得其乐之情。

7 第七句为保持与第六句连贯，应依然以“羊群”作主语，而不是原文中的“水草”。“水草”译为“lush grass”, lush是形容词，意为“having or characterized by luxuriant vegetation”,涵盖了汉语中“水草丰美”之意。本句也可以处理为主动语态，“They fatten on the lush grass here.”

8最后一句在主语选择上应使用物称，而不是人称。由于全文通篇没有出现人称代词，所以本句最后也不必出现“you”，而使用“a closer look will reveal…”这样的句式。

2008

C-E 原文: 都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。

我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界，心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的明暗。

参考译文：In fact, I think everyone has a small garden and that is our inner world. People’s intelligence needs to be developed, so does the inner world. The difference between people and animals, in addition to the many well-known, is also in the inner world. The heart is an important organ; however, the inner world is a landscape. It gradually took shape under the constant influence of the outside world on the heart. Everyone is so concerned about the health of the hearts of their loved ones as well as his that a slight disease would cause great anxiety. But not everyone is concerned about the inner world of themselves and their loved ones. 参考译文

As a matter of fact, in my mind, every one of us owns a little garden, the garden of our inner life. We should enhance our intellectual power. Likewise, we should foster our inner life. The distinction of man and animals, apart from those obvious aspects, chiefly lies in the fact that man is possessed of his inner life while animals are not. For man, heart is actually a vital organ while the inner world is a landscape that takes its shape by receiving continual influences from the external world. We all take so much care of the heart health of our beloved and ourselves that we will be in a state of anxiety if something slight goes wrong. But not everyone takes equal care of the climate of the inner world.

【讲评】英语专业八级考试汉译英部分，在选材上具有下列特点：1）原文类型属于表达型文本（expressive text）,它们既不同于说明书般的信息型文本（informative text）,也不同于诗歌等的启示型文本（vocative text）,而是兼具思想内容和表达技巧；2）原文基本不含文化专有项如典故、文史出处等；3）语域较为正式；4）都可以独立成篇

上述特点需要我们采取针对性的翻译策略：1）我们在翻译时有意识采用一些翻译技巧，而不可以直译或死译；2）在译文措辞上应倾向平时庄重词汇，力避俚语和俗语；3）译文需要注重整体连贯性，尤其要避免局部译的不错整体却涣散这样“有句无章”的现象。

本文选自作家梁晓声的作品《心灵的花园》。

1）第一句中出现的“内心世界”是全文文眼，后文中多次出现。所以该词的翻译很关键。根据英文表达习惯，“内心世界”可以翻译为“inner life”或“inner world”,但不可译为“inner mind”或“inward life”。

本句有同学译为“I think actuall y everyone has a little garden which is our inner world.” 这种译法错误之处有二,一是“I think”在此使用不妥,本句强调的是一种看法观念,而非动作,过改为“in my mind”更佳,二是不必使用which从句,增加句子冗长程度。

2）第二句貌似简单，其实隐含着一个陷阱。原文中“开发智力”与“开发内心世界”这样的搭配在修辞格上属于粘连,在汉语语境下可以成立，但这种搭配无法移植入英语。所以“开发”一词需要分别处理为“enhance”与“foster”才可以与“intellectual power”(智力)，“inner life”（内心世界）构成搭配。考虑到inner life是两个词,为了保持结构的对称性,智力一词我们选用“intellectual power”,而没有用intelligence。

3）本句的句子结构大多数同学处理成“The difference between man and animals might be…”,其实“恐怕”一词并不表示“不确定”之意，而是指“主要在于”，因此译为chiefly更符合汉语原意。

4）第四句中“景观”一词在汉语中是暗喻,这个意象可以在英语里得到保留,使用“landscape”表达,其他

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大学英语汉译英答案

Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了？ W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨，你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的，不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。

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