2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

(总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)

1.If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great______. （分数：

2.00）

A.care

B.ease √

C.tempo

D.dignity

解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。you can do it well意为“你会做好它”，with great______ 与此并列，意义上应该与此接近。with great care意为“小心翼翼地”。with great ease意为“轻而易举地”，符合题意，故答案为[B]项。with great tempo意为“以极大的速度”；with great dignity意为“威风凛凛”。如果填入care，tempo或dignity，与you can do it well的语义不符，故均排除。

2.She______to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.

（分数：2.00）

A.dropped out

B.went out of her way √

C.gave way

D.got down

解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。drop out意为“离开，退出”。go out of one's way意为“不怕麻烦；特地”。give way意为“撤退；让路；退让；垮掉”。get down意为“沮丧；落下；吞下；写下”。本句意为：为了保证她在美国出生的女儿长大后不会对中国文化很生疏，她______找寻有关祖国的新鲜事。明显，在这里主要强调的是主语为做某事而付出的努力，因此[B]项最为符合题意，为答案。

3.In the past, a woman's world usually______household work and waiting for her children and husband to come home.

（分数：2.00）

A.made up

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4710251826.html,posed of

C.was comprised of

D.consisted of √

解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。make up意为“组成，构成”，用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体”，用于主动语态。如果用整体作主语，必须用被动结构be made up of，这时可以和consist of互换。compose作“构成”讲时是及物动词，而且常用被动语态be composed of。值得注意的是，comprise作“构成”讲时多用于主动语态。consist是不及物动词，必须和介词连用构成consist of(由……组成，由……构成)。句意：在过去，女人的世界通常是由家庭工作和等待她的孩子和丈夫回家构成的。只有[D]项符合语义及语法要求，故为答案。

4.Domestic tourists now make up more than 90 percent of the country's total and______two-thirds of its total tourism earnings.

（分数：2.00）

A.attribute

B.contribute √

C.distribute

D.dispatch

解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。attribute意为“把……归因于，认为……属于”，常用于attriute sth to sth结构。contribute意为“为……做出贡献，捐献”，符合题意，故为答案。distribute意为“分发，分配；分销；散播”。dispatch意为“派遣，调遣；发出”。

5.He is a diligent and______teacher, well liked by his students.

（分数：2.00）

A.voluntary

B.conscious

C.conscientious √

D.hard

解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。根据空前的diligent提示，本空应填与diligent意思接近，或属于同一语义范畴的词。voluntary意为“自愿的，志愿的；无偿的”。conscious意为“有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的”；conscientious意为“认真的，勤勤恳恳的”，与空前的diligent并列，且符合题意，故为答案。hard意为“冷酷无情的，心肠硬的”。

6.The doctor tried last time to explain to the Browns that infants and young children are more ______to the effects of secondhand smoke than adults.

（分数：2.00）

A.conducive

B.advantageous

C.delicate

D.vulnerable √

解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。conducive意为“有益于……的，有助于……的”；advantageous意为“有利的，有好处的”；delicate意为“精致的，微妙的，脆弱的，柔和的”。vulnerable意为“(身体上或感情上)易受伤害的，脆弱的”，be vulnerable to为固定搭配，且符合infants and young children 和the effects of secondhand smoke的语境，故为答案。根据常识可知，婴儿和儿童对于二手烟的抵抗力较弱。

7.It is absolutely true today that college degrees have become a valuable ______ for jobseekers in the country's developing market economy.

（分数：2.00）

A.asset √

B.liability

C.deterrent

D.means

解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。asset意为“财富；有价值的人(或事物)；有用的人(或事物)”；liability 意为“负债，债务；责任；惹麻烦的人(或事)”。deterrent意为“威慑因素；遏制力”。means意为“方法；方式；途径；财富；钱财”。对于求职者来说，大学学位只能是成为有价值的事物，故答案为[A]项。

8.She is far too______to believe these ridiculous lies.

（分数：2.00）

A.sensational

B.sensitive

C.sensible √

D.sensuous

解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。题干中的too…to believe(太……以至于不相信)及ridiculous lies(荒谬的谎言)提示，本空应填表示“理智的，明智的”之意的词。sensational意为“轰动的；耸人听闻的；极好的，绝妙的”。sensitive意为“敏感的；易生气的，易担忧的”。be sensitive to为固定搭配，后接名词。sensible意为“(行为或决定)明智的，理智的，合理的”，be sensible to do sth．意为“理智地做某事”，符合题意，故答案为[C]项。sensuous意为“愉悦感官的，给人以美感的”。句意：她很理智，不会相信这些荒谬的谎言。

9.With______audiences and less financial support from government, Britain's best orchestras must find new sources of income, if they are to continue.

（分数：2.00）

A.shrinking √

B.captive

C.withering

D.sympathetic

解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。shrinking意为“减少的，缩小的，收缩的”。captive意为“(观众)被强制的，受控制的；(市场)垄断的”。withering意为“(眼神、话语)尖刻的，令人难堪的，咄咄逼人的”。sympathetic意为“同情的，表示同情的”。根据空后的less financial support可知，空处所填的形容词应该与less在含义上一致，四个选项中只有shrinking能够描述audiences数量的减少，故为答案。

10.On July 1, 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, wiping out 156 years of colonial humiliation______on the Chinese nation.

（分数：2.00）

A.befell

B.imposed √

C.afflicted

D.leased

解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。befall(befell的原形)意为“(不幸或不好的事)降临到……头上，发生在……身上”。impose意为“强制实行，把……强加于”，与空后的on搭配，且符合空前的colonial humiliation(殖民屈辱)的语义，故答案为[B]项。afflict意为“折磨，使痛苦”；lease意为“出租，租借”。句意为：1997年7月1日中国在香港恢复行使主权，扫除了强加给中华民族156年的殖民屈辱。11.Johnson______the problem in his mind for two more days before he came to a conclusion. （分数：2.00）

A.turned on

B.turned over √

C.turned out

D.turned to

解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。turn on意为“打开(电器、煤气等)，接通”；turn over意为“翻身，翻转；仔细考虑”。turn over the problem in one's mind意为“仔细考虑问题”，故答案为[B]项。turn out意为“结果是，证明是；到场，出席”。turn to意为“翻到；转向；变成；求助于，求教于”。

12.Many of the works exhibited in the gallery are______, filled with energy and vitality, bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas.

（分数：2.00）

A.imaginative √

B.imaginable

C.imagined

D.imaginary

解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。imaginative意为“富有想象力的”。根据空后的filled with energy and vitality，bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas(充满了活力和生机、明亮的色彩和独特的表达思想的方式)可知，本空应填imaginative，故答案为[A]项。imaginable意为“可想象的”，修饰名词作定语时常置于被修饰名词之后。imaginary意为“虚构的”，指凭空想象的。imagined为imagine 的过去分词形式，明显本句不缺谓语动词，故排除。

13.Words fail to______our feelings of great reverence for the hero.

（分数：2.00）

A.imply

B.deliver

C.convey √

D.contain

解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。imply意为“暗示；意味；隐含；说明，表明”。deliver意为“发表；交付；投递，传送”。convey意为“传达，表达，传递”，常指“传递信息或感情等”，符合题意，故为答案。contain意为“包含，容纳”。

14.China is______an ambitious plan to stimulate the domestic economy by investing in infrastructure construction , of which telecommunications are an important part.

（分数：2.00）

A.undertaking √

B.supervising

C.foiling

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4710251826.html,piling

解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。undertake意为“着手做，从事，承担”，与空后的plan构成搭配，也符合题意，故为答案。supervise意为“监督，指导；管理，主管”。foil意为“阻止；挫败”。compile 意为“编译；编写；编纂；汇编”。

15.I have to______time to prepare for the coming sports meet.

（分数：2.00）

A.set about

B.set aside √

C.set up

D.set off

解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。set about意为“开始，着手”。set aside意为“留作……之用，留出(时间)……用于”，与空后的time搭配，符合“留出时间准备即将到来的运动会”的语境，故答案为

[B]项。set up意为“建立；组装”；set off意为“动身，出发，启程”。

16.If not properly______, border issues which are always very sensitive and complicated international relations can often trigger conflicts.

（分数：2.00）

A.handled √

B.handing

C.handle

D.to handle

解析：解析：本题考查if引导的状语从句的省略。if从句的主语与主句的主语一致，都为border issues，且从句主语后跟有动词be，通常可以省略if从句中的“主语+be”。从句的完整形式为：If border issues are not properly handled，…。故答案为handled。

17.After______seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office. （分数：2.00）

A.what √

B.it

C.that

D.there

解析：解析：本题考查宾语从句。介词after后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，故使用连接词what引导宾语从句，并在句中作主语，故答案为[A]项。it和there不能引导宾语从句，故排除[B]项和[D]项；that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也排除[C]项。

18.Every change of season, every change of weather ______ some change in the wonderful colors and shapes of these mountains.

（分数：2.00）

A.make

B.makes √

C.is making

D.are making

解析：解析：本题考查主谓一致。当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every或many a等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数，故答案为[B]makes。

19.There______nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （分数：2.00）

B.to have been

C.be

D.being √

解析：解析：本题考查独立主格结构。此处为there be句型用于独立主格结构的用法，结构为“There being+名词(代词)”，表示原因，故答案为[D]being。句意：由于没有更多的东西可讨论，会议提前半小时就结束了。

20.Variables such as individual and corporate behavior______nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.

（分数：2.00）

A.make it √

B.make

C.it makes

D.makes it

解析：解析：本题考查主谓一致及it充当形式宾语的用法。根据句子结构，主语是variables，such as individual and corporate behavior为后置定语，修饰variables，所以谓语动词用动词原形形式，故首先排除[C]项和[D]项。空后的nearly impossible充当宾语补足语，to forecast economic…充当真正的宾语，谓语动词后面必须由形式宾语补充完整，故答案为[A]make it。

21.Had Jane been more careful on the math exam, she______much better results now.

（分数：2.00）

A.would be getting

B.could have got

C.must get

D.would get √

解析：解析：本题考查虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，省略了if，因此为倒装形式；主句是对现在(主句中有now)情况的虚拟，因此主句用would do结构，故答案为[D]项。句意：要是简数学考试再细心些的话，她现在就能得更好的成绩了。

22.By the year 2030, it's estimated that more than two thirds of the world's population will be living in cities —______today.

（分数：2.00）

A.twice as many as √

B.as twice as many

C.as much as twice

D.as much twice as

解析：解析：本题考查倍数表达法。根据选项可知，本题采用的是“倍数+as+many／much+as”结构。在这里，其比较对象是人，为可数名词，用many进行修饰，故答案为[A]项。句意：到2030年，预计世界2／3以上的人口将居住在城市，这是现在的两倍。

23.My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk______far. （分数：2.00）

A./

B.such

C.that √

D.as

解析：解析：本题考查that的用法。根据两句句意，本空所填词指代前一句中的eight miles today。所填词that相当于so，意为“如此”，修饰副词far，故答案为[C]项。such后要接名词或名词短语，故排除[B]项。as与语义不符，排除[D]项。句意为：我的女儿今天已经走了8英里了。我们从来没有想到她能够走如此远。

24.Much______I like Antonia, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me.

（分数：2.00）

B.since

C.for

D.as √

解析：解析：本题考查倒装。as引导的让步状语从句常将名词、形容词、副词和动词放在句首引起部分倒装，即“名词(不带冠词／形容词／副词)+aus+主语+系动词be”或“副词+as+主语+动词”或“实义动词+as+主语+助动词／情态动词”，意为“虽然……但是”或“尽管……但是”，答案为[D]项。句意：我虽然很喜欢安东妮亚，但也很讨厌有时她对我说话时那种高人一等的腔调。

25.Developing friendly ties with neighborly countries is the priority aim of this country's foreign policy and this policy will not be changed______the international situation may be. （分数：2.00）

A.whichever

B.however

C.wherever

D.whatever √

解析：解析：本题考查状语从句。此处whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。句意：发展与邻国的友好关系是这个国家外交政策的优先目标，无论国际形势如何，此政策都不会被改变。

26.The snow leopard is a class-one endangered species, ______is the giant panda.

（分数：2.00）

A.as √

B.such

C.which

D.that

解析：解析：本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，故首先排除[B]such 和[D]that。which引导非限制性定语从句，用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。as引导非限制性定语从句时，在从句中通常作主语，指代整个主句，表示的意思是“正如，正像”，其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，故答案为[A]as。

27.Jeremy came to visit me again. It was the second time he______me that afternoon.

（分数：2.00）

A.had been interrupting

B.has interrupted

C.would have interrupted

D.had interrupted √

解析：解析：本题考查动词时态。在“It is the first／second…time+从句”的结构中，从句用现在完成时。在“It was the first／second…time+从句”的结构中，从句用过去完成时，故答案为[D]had interrupted。

28.Grace's eyes were wet with tears as she put her face______she could, gripping my left hand and stroking it.

（分数：2.00）

A.as close as to mine

B.so close to mine as

C.as close to mine as √

D.much so close as

解析：解析：本题考查句子结构。根据空后she could为句子，首先排除[A]项。没有much so…as的用法，故排除[D]项。as…as…与so…as…在肯定句中可以互换，但在否定句中，只能用so…as…，故本题最佳选项为[C]项。

29.The boys in the family are old enough for______.

（分数：2.00）

A.school √

C.the school

D.the schools

解析：解析：本题考查固定用法。for school意为“上学”，故答案为school。

30.Intellect is to the mind______sight is to the body.

（分数：2.00）

A.as

B.what √

C.like

D.that

解析：解析：本题考查语法结构。what引导的是一个类比性状语从句，说明主句行为的方式、方法，其结构为“A is to B what C is to D”，意思是“A对于B来说，就像C对于D一样”，故答案为[B]what。句意：智力之于大脑，犹如视力之于躯体。

二、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：2，分数：40.00)

[1] To say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life. [2] Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in cities — the great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world. [3] And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation — congestion and filth, danger and purposelessness — which afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky. [4] ...The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of modern civilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we want — and this is what we must want if men are to be free for that "pursuit of happiness" which was the earliest promise of the American Nation — we will need more than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs, although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers. [5] One great problem is sheer growth — growth which crowds people into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breaking point all our old ways of thought and action — our systems of transport and water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance these vital services. [6] A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and trees — condemning them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very suburbs where people once fled to find nature. "There is no police so effective," said Emerson, "as a good hill and a wide pasture... where the boys...can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits." We cannot restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential dimension of human existence which flows only from man's contact with the natural world around him. [7] A third is the increasing difficulty of transportation —adding concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive swarms of automobiles

across the city, leaving behind them a band of concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimes —as in Watts —our surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city. [8] A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial tension of the urban ghetto — a problem so vast that the barest recital of its symptoms is profoundly shocking: Segregation is becoming the governing rule; Washington is only the most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro as whites move to the suburbs; many other cities are moving along the same road — for example, Chicago, which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by 1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities in themselves, areas of as much as 350, 000 people. Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the families in these areas live in poverty, in some, male unemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment of Negro youths nationally is over 25 percent. Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $ 20 million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill's over $ 500 million a year.Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the last housing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to be substandard; in these ghettoes, over 10, 000 children may be injured or infected by rat bites every year. Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academic high schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering students will graduate with an academic diploma. Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardation among Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more than seven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattan last year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three times as common as elsewhere. [9] Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog, the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of one's own human significance in the accepted association and companionship of others. [10] https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4710251826.html,munity demands a place where people can see and know each other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community. Yet, this is disappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life are also being eroded. [11] The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up in a world of experience and culture their parents never knew. [12] The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonal and abstract. Industry and great cities, conflicts between nations and the conquests of science move relentlessly forward, seemingly beyond the reach of individual control or even understanding. [13] ...But of all our problems, the most immediate and pressing, the one which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act, to obliterate our vision of the future, is the plight of the Negro of the center city. For this plight and the riots which are its product and symptom — threaten to divide Americans for generations to come; to add to the ever-present difficulties of race and class the bitter legacy of violence and destruction and fear.... [14] It is therefore of the utmost importance that these hearings go beyond the temporary measures thus far adopted to deal with riots — beyond the first hoses and the billy clubs; and beyond even sprinklers on fire hydrants and new swimming pools as well. These hearings must start us along the road toward solutions to the underlying conditions which afflict our cities, so that they may become the places of fulfillment and ease, comfort and joy, the communities they were meant to be.（分数：20.00）

(1).According to the passage, everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of______.（分数：2.00）

A.employment and race hatred

B.a decent living and stunted education

C.congestion and the company of their fellows

D.the excitement and other advantages of urban life √

解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的everywhere men and women crowd into cities将本题出处定位于文章第一段最后一句。该句提到，到处是涌向城市的男男女女，他们追求着工作、体面的生活、朋友的陪伴以及都市生活的兴奋和刺激。[D]是对该句内容的同义转述，故为答案。[A]中的race hatred，[B]中的stunted education和[C]中的congestion都是利用第三段设置的干扰，这些都是美国城市生活的问题，不是人们涌人城市所要追求的，故排除。

(2).It can be learned that within a few years, ______of all Americans will live in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and other cities.（分数：2.00）

A.less than 80 percent √

B.about 80 percent

C.more than 80 percent

D.none of the above

解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的within a few years和in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington…将本题出处定位于文章第二段第一句。该句提到，几年内，百分之八十的美国人将居住在城市中，他们中的绝大多数将聚集在从波士顿延伸到华盛顿之间的区域，离开芝加哥、洛杉矶、旧金山和圣路易斯等聚集地，“绝大多数人”所占的比例肯定是少于80％的，故答案为[A]项。(3).Besides poverty, housing and unemployment programs, Americans need______to attain the kind of society they want.（分数：2.00）

A.imagination

B.ingenuity

C.discipline and hard work

D.all of the above √

解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的poverty，housing and unemployment programs将本题出处定位于文章第四段。该段第四、五句提到，我们需要的不仅是扶贫项目、住房项目和就业项目，还需要源源不断的想象力(imagination)、独创性(ingenuity)、纪律性(discipline)和努力的工作(hard work)。由此可知，答案为[D]项。

(4).According to the author, the city should be______.（分数：2.00）

A.the seat of nearly all the problems of American life

B.just houses, stores, schools, businesses, parks, and theaters

C.place where people can live in dignity and security and harmony √

D.the nerve system of political, economic, cultural life for much of the world

解析：解析：事实细节题。第四段第三句提到，城市应该是一个使人们能活得体面、安全、和睦的地方，[C]项是对该句的同义转述，故为答案。第三段第一句提到，我们的城市现在几乎是所有美国生活问题的温床，由此可排除[A]项。第四段前两句提到，城市不应仅仅提供住房、商店、教育、就业、公园、剧院、银行和商店，由此可排除[B]项。第二段提到波士顿、华盛顿等城市是美国乃至世界上大部分地区经济生活的神经系统，并未提到城市应成为世界上大部分地区政治、经济、文化生活的神经系统，故排除[D]项。(5).The major city problems discussed in the passage include all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）

A.racial tension and the destruction of the sense of community

B.sheer growth and destruction of the physical environment

C.the difficulty of transportation and concentrated poverty

D.unpaid working hours and a poisoned atmosphere √

解析：解析：事实细节题。文章第五至九段分别由One great problem is…A second is…A third is…A fourth destructive force is…Fifth is…论述了五个城市存在的主要问题：单纯增长问题、对自然环境的破坏、交通拥堵问题、集中贫困和种族关系紧张问题、集体感的消失。由此可知，[A]项、[B]项和[C]项都是文中提到的主要城市问题，故答案为[D]项。第七段提到，日益严重的交通拥堵问题无形中增加了人们无报酬的劳动时间，造成大量尾气排放，[D]项的内容是交通拥堵这一主要城市问题造成的危害，而非主要的城市问题。

(6).The most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro is______.（分数：2.00）

A.New York

B.San Francisco

C.Chicago

D.Washington √

解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的become overwhelmingly Negro将本题出处定位于文章第八段第二句。该句提到，华盛顿是最突出的一个黑人数量占压倒性优势的城市，由此可知答案为[D]项。

(7).Which of the following statement is NOT true?（分数：2.00）

A.20 percent of the children in ghettos may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children. √

B.Male unemployment in some areas may be as high as 40 percent.

C.43 percent of urban Negro housing is substandard.

D.In ghettos, the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent.

解析：解析：事实细节题。第八段提到，四分之一的贫民区儿童可能接受贫困儿童联邦政府补助，即25％，故[A]项不正确，为答案。其余三个选项在第八段中均有提及。

(8).The reason why the plight of the Negro is the most immediate and pressing problem is that it threatens______.（分数：2.00）

A.to paralyze the American economy

B.to divide Americans for generations to come √

C.to destroy the vision of the future generations

D.to use violence in overthrowing the old belief and social system

解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的the most immediate and pressing problem将本题出处定位于文章第十三段。该段提到，在所有问题中，最紧迫的、麻痹我们行动力、抹杀我们对未来的憧憬的，是内城区黑人的困境，这个困境和骚乱可能将美国的后代分裂开来，由此可知答案为[B]项。其余三个选项文中均未提及。

(9).According to the author, the sense of community chiefly means______.（分数：2.00）

A.the ties of family

B.a thousand imaginable strands

C.things which tie men to their fellows √

D.the values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life

解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的the sense of community将本题出处定位于文章第九段。该段提到，集体感是共同的经历和目的、感情和尊重这些将人们和同伴维系起来(tie men to their fellows)的无形的线，[C]项是对此的同义转述，故为答案。[A]项和[B]项在文中未提及；第十段最后一句提到，其他曾经给人们每天打拼生活带来力量的价值观念也在被侵蚀，[D]项是利用这里设置的干扰项，该句形容的是其他价值观念，而非集体感，故排除。

(10).In this selection, the author makes______work for him to order the materials so that it is easy to follow.（分数：2.00）

A.description

B.classification √

C.definition

D.narration

解析：解析：推理判断题。本题考查作者编排材料的方法。文章第五至九段以One great problem is…A second is…A third is…A fourth destructive force is…Fifth is…开头，使文章条理清晰，易于阅读，可知作者使用了分类的手法，故答案为[B]项。

[1] When I first saw Pippa the cheetah, she was sitting pertly on a chair in the tearoom of the New Stanley Hotel in Nairobi. I had gone to meet her owners, an English couple who were leaving Kenya and wanted to ensure that their pet would find a good home. Pippa was wearing a harness and was able to sit at a table, looking as if she might have a soft drink through a straw. She was a thoroughly spoiled cub. [2] Eighteen months later she had returned to the wild. She was living in the Northern Frontier District where she had been born. She had learned to hunt for herself, had mated with a wild cheetah, and was raising a litter of cubs. [3] Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild required patience, perseverance, love, and the same kind of respect for her as a being that I would have offered a fellow human. I had previously shared this love and respect with Elsa the lioness, whom my husband George and I had raised as a cub. But it was not simply a matter of affection — although there was plenty of that. The rehabilitation process was important as an experiment in developing a means of trying to guarantee the survival of endangered species. The cheetah is one of these; the lion may become one soon. [4] I learned many things from Elsa and Pippa. They proved always to be interesting and affectionate companions. And I enjoyed the closeness to nature that the rehabilitation process required. But there were raany times when I was working with Elsa and Pippa, and there have been many times since, when I have wondered about another endangered species, a species generally as ignorant of the threat to its survival as these two cats had been. That species is man. [5] Some recent scientific, economic, and political research suggests that the curves for food demand and food supply will cross in a maximum of 60 years. By then, man's overpopulation, increasing pollution, and the diminishing food supply could threaten to end human life on our planet. Being aware of this research, I could not help wondering what steps man could take to ensure his survival. Could he, for instance, learn from animals something about birth control, inter-creature relationships, or thought communication that would help him avoid extinction? [6] Generally, the first reaction to such musings is one of astonishment. The question phrases itself. What can man, the most highly evolved species of animal life, learn from less developed creatures? Astonishment at this question itself suggests a starting place. Perhaps man needs to regain his humility —and his sense of perspective. Perhaps he should look at himself as just another experiment of nature, no more important intrinsically than the thousands of other species evolved on our planet. Man is, after all, a fairly recent development. He has lived on earth only 1. 7 million years —not a very long time compared with the 400 million years of some creatures. [7] Man's achievements during this stay are astounding. Yet they endanger his own survival. As a result, he may disappear as have other species who became too overspecialized, or outlived their environment. Perhaps more than any other creature man is notable for his constant violations of the eternal law of living in harmony with nature. Man kills everything that competes with him for living space or food. He has irreparably damaged his environment. He has forsaken nature's basic laws, substituting for them his own man-made laws and values. He has, for example, invented money — and now he gauges success, power, and achievement almost exclusively in terms of it. He overestimates his ego and his capacities. He worships status and sacrifices fantastically for it. [8] A more rational perspective would see that all organic life is of equal importance. That every species has its role to play. That nothing survives unless it fits into the balance of nature and lives within its environment. That all life must work together to preserve life and maintain ecology. [9] But man can also learn more specifically from animals. With his research capacity he can ask himself : How were animals able to maintain the balance of nature for more than 400 million years? Once he has unlocked these secrets, he can try to apply them to his own situation. [10] What are some of these secrets? Birth control is one. Animals have very efficient means of controlling their reproduction. We who study animals have learned about it only in the

last few years. We don't yet know how it works, but we do know some facts. Most antelopes, for example, can withhold their young for weeks, even months. They do this in order that births occur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mothers' adequate supply of milk for the young. [11] Elephants seem able to adjust their reproduction in somewhat the same way. On the Victoria Nile, for instance, one bank is extremely eroded; it provides barely enough food for the elephants living there. The opposite bank, on the other hand, is quite well covered with vegetation. Observations indicate that elephants on the grassy bank calve every four years, while those on the eroded bank do so only every nine. [12] My own observations of Elsa and Pippa have revealed some most interesting facts. These cats come into season every five to seven weeks. Once the first litter has been born, they have the capacity to produce a new litter every three and a half months, and some zoo-confined lionesses actually do produce litters this of-ten. But in their natural state, females of these species will not let a male near them — let alone mate with him — while they are engaged in rearing their young to complete independence. Among lions this period lasts two years; among cheetahs it is about seventeen and a half months. [13] When Pippa lost two litters to predators a few days after their birth, she instantly looked for a mate and conceived despite the fact she had hardly recovered from giving birth. Knowing that her unfortunate cubs did not need her anymore, she lost no time in starting a new litter. This also happened with a lioness I knew. [14] Judging from this behavior, I can only assume that some kind of psychological block stops mother lions and cheetahs from wanting to mate while they are preoccupied with training their young. [15] Another secret of animals' survival is telepathy. This sense has become atrophied in man, but a definite thought-communication functions in animals. Elsa the lioness frequently sensed when George and I intended to visit her camp, even though it lay 180 miles from our home in Isiolo. On most occasions when we made our irregular visits she was waiting for us. By following her spoor we discovered that she had sometimes walked 50 or 60 miles to meet us. [16] The same thing happened when I took Elsa's two sisters to Nairobi to be flown to the Rotterdam zoo. Elsa stayed behind with George in Isiolo 180 miles away. He did not know when I was coming back; no person knew. But Elsa knew. On the morning of my return she sat down in the entrance drive and would not budge until I arrived in the evening. [17] I have known this kind of thought-communication with the animals with whom I've lived. When Elsa died, I woke in the night, knowing what had happened, even though I was several hundred miles away. The same thing occurred later with one of Pippa's cubs. [18] I don't possess this sensitivity with my own kind. I feel far more in tune with what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi. We don't know much yet about this telepathy — from which gland it comes, or how it works. But if men could reawaken or cultivate it in themselves, and then cooperate by trusting each other, rather than fearing and treating one another suspiciously, the world would be a far better place. [19] Another secret of the animals is embodied in a basic law of nature which men often ignore. Every animal has around him a security zone. Within that zone he feels safe. Simple observation shows what happens to creatures whose sense of adequate living space has been consistently violated, and who have thus become degenerate. You only have to go to a zoo. There you find animals sitting like prisoners, tucked so close together that it is not surprising they become frustrated and sometimes so tense that they try to break out. Then they have to be destroyed.

[20] When people see animals in this condition, they get the impression that the animals are either dangerous and aggressive or, if they have fallen into a state of utter despair, that they are lethargic or stupid. But animals that I have known in their natural state are never like this. This illustrates why zoos —even the best zoos —cannot solve the problem of recovering a healthy survival number of presently endangered species. [21] The security-zone sense, the need for adequate living space, is not limited to wild animals. Men once possessed it as well. But now our awareness of it has grown so faint that four or five people can live together in one room, a situation which repeatedly occurs in overcrowded slums. People living in these conditions often

become aggressive —sometimes even criminal —for the same reason that animals do in zoos. [22] Man-made values account not only for man's reduced awareness of his own security zone. They have also impaired a whole range of relationships which nature had placed in proper perspective. One of these, referred to earlier, is mating. Another is the relationship of mother to young. So many modern human mothers these days prefer to have jobs and put their children in day-care centers or kindergartens, rather than look after them. In nature this happens only in perverted cases.

I have watched many animal mothers with their young. They are devoted to them and tend them with affection — and discipline. But they don't overdo it. Elsa and Pippa loved their cubs, but they also kept strict behavior. There was no nonsense about it. [23] Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet. If he wants to survive — which he can do only if all other forms of life around him survive as well — he simply has to see himself as no more important than his fellow creatures. Since man has a higher intelligence than most animals, he is responsible for insuring their survival and thus maintaining life on our planet. [24] I personally doubt that man can recover his original relationship with all other forms of life unless he reappraises his man-made values, returns again to the rules of nature, and then accepts and obeys them.（分数：20.00）

(1).The main idea of this article is that______.（分数：2.00）

A.people can teach animals how to survive

B.people can learn survival techniques from animals √

C.animals can survive in the wild after living in zoos

D.animals can learn from man how to live in tune with nature

解析：解析：主旨大意题。文章由猎豹重回野外的故事，引出人类也是濒危动物的事实，探讨人类应如何从动物身上学习如何避免灭绝的问题。第五段最后一句为本文主题句。故答案为[B]项。

(2).In the sentence "But it was not simply a matter of affection..." (paragraph 3) , "it" refers to______.（分数：2.00）

A.respect

B.survival means

C.patience, perseverance and love

D.Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild √

解析：解析：词义理解题。该句前面提到，皮帕重回野外(Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild)需要耐心、坚持、爱和尊重，而作者之前曾把这种爱和尊重给予他们夫妻养育的母狮子。该句之后又提到重回野外的过程是保护濒危物种的一种重要方式。由此可知，it指代的是皮帕重回自然，故答案为[D]项。

(3).In paragraph 6, it is implied, but not directly stated, that______.（分数：2.00）

A.man has not lived on the earth very long compared to some other creatures

B.man should look at himself as just another experiment of nature

C.man thinks he can learn something from animals

D.man thinks he is more important than other animals √

解析：解析：推理判断题。第六段提到：人类作为进化最高等的生物能从动物身上学到什么呢?对这个问题的惊讶本身就暗示了出发点。也许人们应该重拾谦卑，不要固有地认为人类比地球上的其他千万种生物更重要。这里暗示人类一直以来认为自己比其他动物重要，故答案为[D]项。[A]项和[B]项均是第六段直接提到的内容，不符合题干要求。[C]项与文义相悖。

(4).In paragraph 7, the writer gives examples of______.（分数：2.00）

A.how man destroys the balance in nature √

B.how man will survive in the future

C.how man uses his environment constructively

D.how man kills animals for food

解析：解析：推理判断题。第七段第四句提到，人类持续违反与自然和谐相处的永恒法则，接着后面举了具体的例子。由此可知，第七段作者举例说明的是人类是如何打破自然平衡的，故答案为[A]项。[B]项在第七段中没有提及；[C]项与文义相悖；[D]项是一个例子，而不是要举例说明的问题。

(5).The subject of paragraphs 10, 11, 12, 13, and 46 is______.（分数：2.00）

A.Elsa and Pippa

B.Elephants on the Victoria Nile

C.birth control among animals √

D.animals' capacity to produce the young

解析：解析：主旨大意题。第十段开头的设问点出动物生育控制的主题。第十、十一段举了羚羊和大象的例子。第十二段至第十四段以皮帕和艾尔莎为例讨论猫科动物的生育控制问题。由此可知，第十段至第十四段的主题是动物的生育控制，故答案为[C]项。

(6).The subject of paragraphs 15, 16, 17, and 18 is______.（分数：2.00）

A.thought communication √

B.a visit to Elsa's camp

C.Elsa's way of living

D.Elsa's death

解析：解析：主旨大意题。第十五段第一句为主旨句：另一个动物生存的秘密是心灵感应。第二句中用thought-communication一词对telepathy进行解释。第十六段至第十八段继续讨论思想交流的主题，故答案为[A]项。

(7).It can be inferred from paragraphs 19 and 20 that______.（分数：2.00）

A.The writer has no opinion on the subject of zoos

B.The writer would probably be against establishing more zoos √

C.the writer would probably be in favor of establishing more zoos

D.The writer would help all the animals in the zoo return to the wild

解析：解析：推理判断题。第十九段提到另一个动物生存的秘密——安全地带。失去对安全地带的感知意味着退化，而动物园里的动物正是这样的。作者表示它们注定被毁灭。第二十段中作者进一步解释了动物园无法解决动物濒危问题的原因。由此可以推断，作者是不支持建立更多的动物园的，故答案为[B]项。[A]项和[C]项与文义相悖；[D]项属于过度推断。

(8).A supporter of women's liberation who read paragraph 22______.（分数：2.00）

A.would be angered by the writer's remarks √

B.would be pleased with the writer's remarks

C.would quit her job and be devoted to her children

D.could reasonably assume that the writer favors daycare centers

解析：解析：推理判断题。第二十二段中，作者不赞成母亲外出工作而把孩子放在日托中心或幼儿园，表示在自然界这样是不正常的。由此推断妇女解放的支持者可能对此不满，故答案为[A]项。

(9).In paragraphs 23 and 24, the writer______.（分数：2.00）

A.offers limited hope for man's future survival √

B.offers no hope for man's future survival

C.is quite confident that man will survive

D.doubts that man can survive in the future

解析：解析：观点态度题。第二十三段提到，人类要想阻止自身的灭绝，必须将其他生物看得与自身同等重要。第二十四段中，作者怀疑人类能否恢复与其他生物最初的关系，除非人类重新评估自己创造的价值观，重拾自然法则。由此可以推断，作者对人类未来的生存抱的希望并不大，而且建立在一定的条件基础上，故答案为[A]项。

(10).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）

A.Man is more intelligent than most animals.

B.Man is more important than other species. √

C.Man can survive only if other forms of life survive as well.

D.Man has been living on earth less time than many other species.

解析：解析：事实细节题。文中多次提到，人类要想阻挡灭绝的脚步，必须把其他生物看得和自己同等重要，故[B]项错误，为答案。[A]项是对第二十三段末句中man has a higher intelligence than most animals

的同义转述，故排除；第二十三段第二句提到，只有人类周围其他生物存活，人类才能存活，故排除[C]项；第六段末尾提到人类仅存在了170万年，而有些生物存在了400万年，故[D]项正确，予以排除。

三、 Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)

31.Write an essay of at least 400 words in English with the title listed below. Write your essay on your answer sheet. The Role of Translation in Chinese Culture Going Global

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案： The Role of Translation in Chinese Culture Going Global China is the only ancient civilization that has survived thousands of years. China's cultural heritage has not only shaped her past, but will also continue to shape her future. Right now, we are living in a special age. Our country is going through massive transitions: economy, ideology, social structure, and, last but not least, culture. Soft power, the ability to attract and influence rather than by means of coercion or money, is particularly important to China. The soft power of a culture comes from its ability to spread itself, as well as to appeal to and attract people. A culture will become powerful when it is widely spread. As language is the carrier of culture, translation is the inevitable process for a culture to be spread out. Till now, translation has promoted Chinese culture's going global in different ways. Firstly, the translation of Chinese classical literature, such as Tang poetry, Song poetry, the Four Books and the Five Classics etc., provides an opportunity for the whole world to learn about China's ancient culture. The works of our ancient great philosophers, such as Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu, are also translated to show the world our profound cultural heritage. Secondly, our recent political and economic papers are timely translated to keep other countries updated with dynamics inside China, which will help to promote significant impact of China. Now the "Belt and Road Initiative" project is what we are vigorously advocated; since it focuses on the international connectivity and cooperation with other countries, translation will definitely play an important role. Moreover, just like Korea's TV plays exports, we can also have our films and TV plays translated, and then exported to many other countries. Though now we haven't done that good, with the emergence of excellent homemade plays, the enhancement of our soft power and its global impact is promising. In conclusion, during the process of our cultural exports, translation is the essential part which we should put great emphasis on. We can no longer be satisfied with plain and simple word-to-word translation. What we really need to do is presenting the culture behind the words in an appropriate way so that it can be properly understood by foreigners. In order to achieve this goal, translators must have a sound understanding of both Chinese culture and the culture of the target language, as well as the differences between the two. So training professional translators is a must and a priority. With translation, we will show the world what Chinese culture really is and become truly powerful as a culture exporting country.)

解析：

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