初中英语语法列表—代词(一)

代词（一）

代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词可以分为九类：

人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和

不定代词。

一、人称代词：1、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们

（1）代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格：He has great concern for them. 他很关心他们。（2）人称代词作表语时，用宾格时较多，特别是在口语中，例如：Who is knocking at the door？－It’s me. 谁敲门？－是我。但在下面这种结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it.

在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格：He is more intelligent than her.

3、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点：（1）we, you两词有时可用来泛指一般人：We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。

They也可用来泛指某一些人：They don’t allow us to smoke here. 这儿不让抽烟。（They代表谁不清楚）

（2）she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等：

I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英国会履行她的诺言。

（3）在并列的主语中，I总放在最后：Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生负责这项工作。

二、物主代词

1、物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。根据其句法作用，物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种，见下表：

（1）形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义。例如：I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。

（2）名词性物主代词作主语：May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。Ours is a big family. 我们时一个大家庭。

（3）名词性物主代词作宾语：You may use my pen. I’ll use hers.你可以用我的笔，我用她的好了。

(4) 名词性物主代词作表语：

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。

(5) 名词性物主代词与of连用：He is a close friend of ours. 他是我们的一位亲密朋友。

三、反身代词

另外，one的反身代词为oneself

2、反身代词的用法：

(1) 作宾语：He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语。

(2) 作表语：I'm not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。

(3) 作主语或宾语的同位语（作主语同位语时，放在主语后或句末）：The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。

(4) 间或可以用作主语（代替人称代词）：Both my sister and myself asked to go and work there. 我妹妹和我都要求到那里工作。

(5) 反身代词还可以与某些介词连用，组成固定搭配：①by oneself：自己，一个人干They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。

②for oneself：替自己，为自己She made no complaint for herself. 她没有替自己抱怨。

③in oneself：本身This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。

④between ourselves：私下说的话All this is between ourselves. 这些都不能告诉别人。

⑤among themselves：……之间They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。

⑥to oneself：供自己用She had a room to herself. 她自己住一间房。

四、相互代词

1、相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组，由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词。例如：It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other. 显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2、相互代词的用法：(1) 作动词宾语：People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。说明：一般认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other，存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多。例如：He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。

(2) 相互代词可以加’s，表示所有关系，如：We should point out each other’s shortcomings. 我们应当指出彼此的缺点。

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

初中英语语法 不定代词 讲义

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初中英语语法 代词讲解

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labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：

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指示代词的分类 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数复数 限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers. 代词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers. 编辑本段指示代词的句法功能 指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。 1、作主语 This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。 2、作宾语 I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个多于那个。 3、作介词宾语 I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 4、作表语

My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。 5、作定语 This room is mine. 这间房间是我的。 编辑本段指示代词的用法 1、this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物，that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。例如： This is a pen and that’s an eraser. 这是一支笔，那是块橡 皮擦。 This is a boy and those are girls. 这是个男孩，那些是女孩。 2、指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如： I liked this movie today better than that concert last night. 我喜欢今天的这个电影，胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。 3、指示代词具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人也可指物。但是在相 当于名词时一般指物多于指人。如： I found this wallet. I found this. 我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。（this 等于 this wallet) Is she going to marry that man?

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[ There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子an new orange （×）→a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→an old desk （○）一张旧课桌 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 ！ 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不 是看名词。 2.复数 英语中，如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 变复数时情况如下： （1）一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。 （2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.

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初中英语语法专项练习题之代词

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