英国文学复习资料
Romanticism
The romantic period (1785-1830)
The Romantic Period in English literature is dated as beginning in 1875 (which was one year after the death of Samuel Johnson and one year before Robert Burns’ Poem, Chiefly in Scottish Dialect.)—or alternatively in 1789 (the outbreak of the French Revolution), or in 1798 (the publication of William Wordsworth’s and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads)—and as ending either in 1830 or else in 1832, the year in which Sir Walter Scott died and the passage of the Reform Bill signed the political preoccupations of the Victorian era.
1789-1815: Revolutionary and Napoleonic period in France
1789: the Revolution begins with the assembly of the States-General in May and the storming of the Bastille on July 14.
1793: King Luis ⅩⅤⅠ executed: England joins the alliance against France.
1793-94: The Reign of Terror under Robespierre.
1804: Napoleon crowned emperor.
1815: Napoleon defeated at Waterloo.
1798：Lyrical Ballads published anonymously by William Wordsworth’s and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
1811-20: the Regency—George, Prince of Wales, acted as regent for George Ⅲ , who has been declared incurably insane.
1820-32: Accession of George Ⅳ.
Literary groups
1.湖滨派(the Lake School)：华兹华斯、柯勒律治、骚赛
2.伦敦土著派(the Cockney School)：李亨特、哈兹立、济慈
3.恶魔派(the Satanic School)：拜伦，雪莱及其他
“Romanticism” is not a term that was used by the writers whom we now designate as Romantic; it is a label that has been applied posthumously and with hindsight.
时代精神the spirit of the age
Many of the major writers did not feel that there was something distinctive about their time—not a shared doctrine or literary quality, but a pervasive intellectual and imaginative climate, which some of them called “the spirit of the age”.
In his Defence of Poetry Shelley claimed that the literature of the age “has arisen as it were from a new birth,” and that “an electric life burns” within the words of its best writers which is “less their spirit than the spirit of the age”.
Shelley explained this literary spirit as an accompaniment of political and social revolution, and other writers agreed.
Distinctive elements in the theory and poetry of the Romantic Period
1.The concept of poetry and the poet
Poetry as limitation of human life, “a mirror held up to nature”VS “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”—poetry expresses the poet’s own
feelings and temperament.
The source of poem was not in the outer world but in the individual poet, the essential materials of a poem were not the external people and events, but the inner feelings of the author.
Blake and Shelley describe poem as an embodiment of the poet’s imaginative vision, which they opposed to the ordinary world of common experience.
The lyric poem written was in the first person, earlier regarded as a minor kind, become a major Romantic form.
2.Poetic spontaneity and freedom
Art VS arising from impulse, and free from all rules and the artful manipulation of means to foresee ands.
3.Romantic “natural poetry”
The natural scene had become a primary subject. However, the aim of this poetry was not description for its own. Romantic poems habitually endow the landscape with human life, passion and expressiveness.
4.Glorification of the commonplace
In two lectures on Wordsworth, Hazlitt declared that the school of poetry founded by Wordsworth was literary equivalent of the French Revolution, translating political changes into poetical experiments.
The aim of Lyrical Ballads was “to choose incidents and situations from common life”and to use a “selection of language really spoken by men” for which the source and model is “humble and rustic life.”
5.The supernatural and “Strangeness in Beauty”
Coleridge in Lyrical Ballads attempted to achieve wonder by a frank violation of natural laws and the ordinary course of events in poems which “the incidents and agents were to be, in part at least, supernatural”.
1.What is the relation between the poet and nature described in the poem?
The poet, Wordsworth, felt as lonely as a wondering cloud. Suddenly, he saw a crowd of golden daffodils which were dancing in the breeze and were like the shining and twinkling stars on the Milky Way. Daffodils’happy and sprightly dance seemed infectious and they not only moved the waves beside them but also made the poet forget his loneliness and become happy. Sometime later, when he is in melancholy, he recalls the scene of daffodils. This recollection in tranquility brings him “bliss”, fills his heart with pleasure.
2.Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?
Nature does have healing effect on mind. In romantics’eyes, nature is always personified and has life, passion and expressiveness. Take this poem as example, Wordsworth found sensual pleasure when he saw the beautiful daffodils. More important, he recalled the scene of happy daffodils.
华兹华斯“The Great Year”(创作旺盛之年)
Several major events have been noted as factors in this increased productivity: namely, the death of his brother Tom, the critical reviews of Endymion and his meeting Fanny Brawne.
墓志铭：In the Bitternefs of his Heart, at the Malicious Power of enemies, desired these words to be Engraven on his tomb stone: “Here lies one whose name was writ in water” --他觉得他一生中一切成空，付诸流水，有无限的遗憾。--其实，他的名字何曾是水写的？是金水写的！
济慈的文学见解
I think poetry should surprise by a fine excess and not by singularity—it should strike the reader as a wording of his own highest thoughts, and appear almost in remembrance.
If poetry comes not as naturally as the leaves to a tree, it had better not come at all. Negative Capability 消极能力
The letter to Benjamin Bailey reflects Keats’s idealistic phrase. In it, Keats asserts that the product of the sensual intuition seems superior to the product of the rational intellect, and that what the imagination produces and records as Beauty is not illusion but “truth”—an authentic reality—“whether it existed before or not” in the material sense.
In a letter to his brothers George and Thomas Keats, we find his classic definition of “negative capability: when man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after facts & reason--…with a great poet the sense of Beauty overcomes every other considerations, or rather obliterates all consideration.”
Romanticism
The romantic period (1785-1830)
The Romantic Period in English literature is dated as beginning in 1875 (which was one year after the death of Samuel Johnson and one year before Robert Burns’ Poem, Chiefly in Scottish Dialect.)—or alternatively in 1789 (the outbreak of the French Revolution), or in 1798 (the publication of William Wordsworth’s and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads)—and as ending either in 1830 or else in 1832, the year in which Sir Walter Scott died and the passage of the Reform Bill signed the political preoccupations of the Victorian era.
1789-1815: Revolutionary and Napoleonic period in France
1789: the Revolution begins with the assembly of the States-General in May and the storming of the Bastille on July 14.
1793: King Luis ⅩⅤⅠ executed: England joins the alliance against France.
1793-94: The Reign of Terror under Robespierre.
1804: Napoleon crowned emperor.
1815: Napoleon defeated at Waterloo.
1798：Lyrical Ballads published anonymously by William Wordsworth’s and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
1811-20: the Regency—George, Prince of Wales, acted as regent for George Ⅲ , who has been declared incurably insane.
1820-32: Accession of George Ⅳ.
Literary groups
4.湖滨派(the Lake School)：华兹华斯、柯勒律治、骚赛
5.伦敦土著派(the Cockney School)：李亨特、哈兹立、济慈
6.恶魔派(the Satanic School)：拜伦，雪莱及其他
“Romanticism” is not a term that was used by the writers whom we now designate as Romantic; it is a label that has been applied posthumously and with hindsight.
时代精神the spirit of the age
Many of the major writers did not feel that there was something distinctive about their time—not a shared doctrine or literary quality, but a pervasive intellectual and imaginative climate, which some of them called “the spirit of the age”.
In his Defence of Poetry Shelley claimed that the literature of the age “has arisen as it were from a new birth,” and that “an electric life burns” within the words of its best writers which is “less their spirit than the spirit of the age”.
Shelley explained this literary spirit as an accompaniment of political and social revolution, and other writers agreed.
Distinctive elements in the theory and poetry of the Romantic Period
6.The concept of poetry and the poet
Poetry as limitation of human life, “a mirror held up to nature”VS “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”—poetry expresses the poet’s own
feelings and temperament.
The source of poem was not in the outer world but in the individual poet, the essential materials of a poem were not the external people and events, but the inner feelings of the author.
Blake and Shelley describe poem as an embodiment of the poet’s imaginative vision, which they opposed to the ordinary world of common experience.
The lyric poem written was in the first person, earlier regarded as a minor kind, become a major Romantic form.
7.Poetic spontaneity and freedom
Art VS arising from impulse, and free from all rules and the artful manipulation of means to foresee ands.
8.Romantic “natural poetry”
The natural scene had become a primary subject. However, the aim of this poetry was not description for its own. Romantic poems habitually endow the landscape with human life, passion and expressiveness.
9.Glorification of the commonplace
In two lectures on Wordsworth, Hazlitt declared that the school of poetry founded by Wordsworth was literary equivalent of the French Revolution, translating political changes into poetical experiments.
The aim of Lyrical Ballads was “to choose incidents and situations from common life”and to use a “selection of language really spoken by men” for which the source and model is “humble and rustic life.”
10.The supernatural and “Strangeness in Beauty”
Coleridge in Lyrical Ballads attempted to achieve wonder by a frank violation of natural laws and the ordinary course of events in poems which “the incidents and agents were to be, in part at least, supernatural”.
3.What is the relation between the poet and nature described in the poem?
The poet, Wordsworth, felt as lonely as a wondering cloud. Suddenly, he saw a crowd of golden daffodils which were dancing in the breeze and were like the shining and twinkling stars on the Milky Way. Daffodils’happy and sprightly dance seemed infectious and they not only moved the waves beside them but also made the poet forget his loneliness and become happy. Sometime later, when he is in melancholy, he recalls the scene of daffodils. This recollection in tranquility brings him “bliss”, fills his heart with pleasure.
4.Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?
Nature does have healing effect on mind. In romantics’eyes, nature is always personified and has life, passion and expressiveness. Take this poem as example, Wordsworth found sensual pleasure when he saw the beautiful daffodils. More important, he recalled the scene of happy daffodils.
华兹华斯“The Great Year”(创作旺盛之年)
Several major events have been noted as factors in this increased productivity: namely, the death of his brother Tom, the critical reviews of Endymion and his meeting Fanny Brawne.
墓志铭：In the Bitternefs of his Heart, at the Malicious Power of enemies, desired these words to be Engraven on his tomb stone: “Here lies one whose name was writ in water” --他觉得他一生中一切成空，付诸流水，有无限的遗憾。--其实，他的名字何曾是水写的？是金水写的！
济慈的文学见解
I think poetry should surprise by a fine excess and not by singularity—it should strike the reader as a wording of his own highest thoughts, and appear almost in remembrance.
If poetry comes not as naturally as the leaves to a tree, it had better not come at all. Negative Capability 消极能力
The letter to Benjamin Bailey reflects Keats’s idealistic phrase. In it, Keats asserts that the product of the sensual intuition seems superior to the product of the rational intellect, and that what the imagination produces and records as Beauty is not illusion but “truth”—an authentic reality—“whether it existed before or not” in the material sense.
In a letter to his brothers George and Thomas Keats, we find his classic definition of “negative capability: when man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after facts & reason--…with a great poet the sense of Beauty overcomes every other considerations, or rather obliterates all consideration.”
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还
多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学史复习资料
Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593)
英国文学选读-安顺学院外语系
《英国文学史及作品选读》教学大纲 一、课程说明 1. 课程中文名称：英国文学史及作品选读 2 课程英文名称：History and Selected Readings of English Literature 3. 课程总学时数：32 4. 课程学分数： 2 5. 授课对象：英语专业本科学生 6. 本课程的性质、地位和作用 本课程为面向英语专业高年级（三年级）学生开设的一门专业选修课，在学科体系中居重要地位。要求学生以先修英语阅读、综合英语、英美文化和英美概况等课程为基础。通过教学，使学生对英国文学有一个概观了解，同时初步培养学生对英国文学作品的鉴赏能力，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。该课程有助于增强学生的语言基本功，丰富学生的人文知识、充实学生的文化修养，提高学生的精神素质。 二、教学基本要求 1. 本课程的目的、任务 英国文学史及文学作品包含着历史的记忆和哲学的睿智，是英语语言艺术的结晶。本课程旨在介绍英国文学各个时期的主要文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，使学生对英国文学的发展脉络有一个大概的了解和认识，提高他们对文学作品的阅读鉴赏能力，并能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。要求学生在阅读和分析英国文学作品的基础上了解英国的历史、社会、政治等方面的情况及传统，促进学生对西方文学及文化的了解，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性，培养学生对作品的洞察批判能力，从而丰富提升学生人文素养。 2. 本课程的教学要求 了解英国文学的发展概况，熟悉发展过程中出现的历史事件，文学思潮，文学流派；熟悉具体作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色和所属流派；能读懂代表作家的经典作品，并能分析评介作品的主题思想，人物形象，篇章结构、语言
英国文学期末考试复习要点
英国文学期末考试复习要点 1.英国最早的居民：凯尔特人Celts 2.英语语言起源于盎格鲁萨克斯ANGLO-SAXON部落融合统一之后，发展于诺曼征服Norman Conquest之后。 3.古代文学两个分支（异教徒文学Pagan和基督文学Christian）；BEOWULF文学地位（英国的民族史诗national epic of England），人物角色(Beowulf,Grendel, Grendel's mother, Fire Dragon,Wiglef)，修辞手法（头韵法alliteration，暗喻metaphor，低调陈述understatement） 4.诺曼征服人物William the Conqueror，骑士Romance文学年代（中世纪14th-16TH）, 《高文和绿衣骑士的故事》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（亚瑟王传说最佳作品）P.21选段，反映的是英国的故事matters of Britain。骑士的优良传统美德（忠诚loyalty） 5.威廉朗莱德William Langland作品《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman（十四世纪以梦境dream vision呈现的作品）
6.乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Father of English Poetry），主要作品The Canteberry Tales，文学贡献（英雄双行体Heroic Couplet，净化purified LONDON 音dialect），葬于西敏寺大教堂Westminster Abbey，为此建立诗人角Poet's Corner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32 朝圣者pilgrims），选作P45(时间April，地点Tabard Inn，人物，巴斯妇人的故事Wife of Bath)，抑扬五步格iambic pentameter （轻音unstressed syllable+重音stressed syllable） 7.实行政教分离者（亨利八世Henry VIII）Religious Reformation:The King broke off with the Pope. 8.托马斯摩尔Thomas More的《乌托邦》Utopia，宣扬财产property与困境poverty 分离和建立理想国度ideal state。 9.托马斯怀亚特Thomas Wyatt把十四行诗sonnet引入英国，分离为莎士比亚体Shakespearian Sonnet和斯宾塞体Spencerian Sonnet，十四行诗源于意大利
英国文学史_复习资料大二英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella
“英国文学选读”课程研究论文写作规范和要求
Selected Readings of English Literature “英国文学选读”课程研究论文写作规范和要求 一、论文写作规范 1、逻辑思维训练： 整理引入眼帘的简单物件，按一定思路规则分类，注意物品的外延与内涵关系；大家在整理思路时，就要用我们做的逻辑思维训练方法： （1）把你所有的想法、本文要素、理论概论等等（大-小，简单-复杂，前-后）都写下来：就像写下屋子里所有物件； （2）仔细审视这些想法、要素、概念，试着按你一定的规律排列起来。注意这些想法或要素之间的关系，外延与内涵关系、因果关系、前后关系等等；（3）保留你最感兴趣，组织最合理的部分，细化成为你的论文主题。 2、写作基本原则 - 基本原则：读书要宽，下笔要窄 - 细读文学文本； - 读作家自己的文论、日记、信件，搜寻作家创作动机和理念作为直接证据- 读文学评论家的评论，搜集旁证 3、论文基本要素 1）标题 2）开篇章 3）文献综述（这次省略） 4）主题 5）问题切入点与理论视角 6）论证（相关文本论据、作者的非文本论据、其他论据） 7）结论 8）引用文献 二、论文题目（从以下所列的论文标题中选一个进行写作）
The Canterbury Tales: A Song of Spring Sonnet 18: A Song of Eternity On the Rhetoric Skills in Sonnet 18 On the Rhetoric Skills in The Canterbury Tales On the Themes of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 The View of Love in A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning The Use of Metaphor and Conceits in A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning On the Themes of Robinson Crusoe Satires and Symbols in Gulliver’s Travels 三、论文写作内容 1、开篇章Introduction / Opening Paragraph / Topic Sentence 交代时代背景、作家简介 2、论证与论据 论据：相关文本论据（被评论作品）、作者的非文本论据（作家本人的文论、日记、书信等）、其他论据（文学评论家的论著） 3、结语 总结你自己的论文中所假设的研究论题是否已经得到解决，得到什么样的结论。一般用完成时。 注意：不是总结该部作品；切忌不要又开始论证。 四、长度、参考文献 1、页数：5页（正文：小四号或者12号；1.5倍行距） 2、参考文献：4-5条英文论著来源（包括被评论作品）。各条文献按字母顺序排 列，小四号字。 3、采用MLA格式标注：包括文内参考文献标注和文尾的引用作品。 五、评分标准 Idea (40%) Structure (20%) Language (30%) Format (10%) Total (100%)
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点资料
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点
一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485） ?《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf） ?《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ) 杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales） 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初） ?托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ） 《乌托邦》（Utopia） ?埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 《仙后》（The Faerie Queene) ?弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon） 《论说文集》（Essays) 克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe ?《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine） ?《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus） ?《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta） 威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare ） 《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet） SONNET18 三、17世纪文学 约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost） ?约翰·班扬（John Bunyan） 《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期） 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。 亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛 ?丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe） ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray 《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） ?罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns ?威廉·布莱克 William Blake ?威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth ?塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）
英国文学史复习资料
V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
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浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试 英国文学选读试题 课程代码：10054 PartⅠ. Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A. (10%) Section A A B (1)Shakespeare ( ) A. Jude the Obscure (2)Henry Fielding ( ) B. Persuasion (3)Charles Dickens ( ) C. Hard Times (4)Jane Austen ( ) D. Tom Jones (5)Thomas Hardy ( ) E. The Tempest Section B A B (1) Hamlet( ) A. Friday (2) Robinson Crusoe ( ) B. Sir Peter Teazle (3) The School for Scandal ( ) C. Gertrude (4) Pride and Prejudice ( ) D. Angel Clare (5) Tess of the D’Urbervilles( ) E. Elizabeth Bennet Part Ⅱ. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. (5%) 1. The Renaissance movement embraced almost the whole of Europe. _______ is the essence of the movement. 2. In the last few decades of the 18th century, the neoclassical doctrines were rebelled against or challenged by the _______. 3. The two major novelists of the _______ period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. 4. Charlotte Bront e ‘s works are usually concerned about some neglected young women with a fierce longing for _______, understanding and a full, happy life. 5. James Joyce is the most out-standing stream-of-consciousness novelist of the _______ century. Part Ⅲ. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (50%) 1
英国文学史复习资料
1.Classicism(古典主义):A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music th at reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Cl assicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reas on, clarity, balance, and order. 2. Critical Realism 批判现实主义: Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or reflecting faithfully an a ctual way of life. The term refers, sometimes confusingly, both to a literary meth od based on detailedaccuracy1of description (i. e. verisimilitude) and to a more gene ral attitude that rejects idealization, escapism, and other extravagant qualities of roma nce in favor of recognizing soberly the actual problems of life.4. Enlightenment 启蒙主义: Enlightenment is an intellectual movement in Europe in 18th century. It w as an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlightener s fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other feudal survivals. I t was so called because it considered the chief means for the betterment of the societ y was the enlightenment or—educationof the people. 5. Renaissanee文艺复兴：Re naissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it ref ers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, wit h the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went t o embrace the rest of Europe. Twofeatures are striking of this movement. The one i s a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. Another feature of the Renaissance i s the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Hence, humanism, which reflected th e new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, is the key-note of the Renaissance. The gr eatest of the English humanists were Thomas More and William Shakespeare. 6 Soliloquy( 独白)： Soliloquy, in drama, means a moment when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud.. 7. Neoclassicism 新古典主义:th e Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Roman works. This t endency is known as Neoclassicism.8. Romanticism 浪漫主义: imagination, emoti on and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteri stics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individu alism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imag ination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature9. . Sentimentalism 感伤主义:it came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on thepart of certain En lighteners in social reality. (The representatives of sentimentalismcontinued to strug gle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of b ourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruinto the people. ) The phil osophy of the enlighteners, through rational and materialistic in its essence, did not ex clude senses, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Moreover, the cul t of nature and, a cult of a "natural man" whose feelings display themselves in a mos t human and natural manner, contrary to the artful and hypocritical aristocrats1.0. So nnet 十四行诗:Sonnet is a type of poem consisting of one single fourteen-line stanz a. It was perfected by the Italian poet in the 13th century and introduced into Englan d in the early 16th century. English sonnets in terms of structure, largely fall into tw o classes: Italian form (It consists of 14 iambic pentameter
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