大学英语(1)课后练习答案与部分课文译文
《大学英语（1）》课后练习答案与部分课文译文
★课后练习参考答案：
Unit 1 现在时
1、I'm afraid I can't finish the work ___________to help me.
A. unless you will come
B. unless you come
C. until you will come
D. until you shall come 正确答案：B
答案讲解：在时间、条件状语从句中，往往用一般现在时来表示将来的动作，故可以排除A、C 和D。根据题意，选择“除非你来帮我，否则我恐怕完不成工作”更合情理，所以答案为B。
2、We can go when the ground____________.
A. is drying
B. has dried
C. dried
D. dry
正确答案：B
答案讲解：有时为了明确在时间上分句动作的完成先于主句的动作，也可用现在完成时表示将来某一时刻前完成的动作，但不能用将来完成时的形式。因此，答案为B，意为“当地面干了以后，我们就可以走了。”
3、Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand____________.
A. feel so coldly
B. is feeling so cold
C. feels so cold
D. is felt so cold
正确答案：C
答案讲解：主语your hand是单数形式，谓语动词也应选择单数形式，故可以排除A。表示主语具有的特征、状态时应用一般现在时，故又可以排除B。表示某物给人以某种感觉时应用主动语态，所以选C，意为“过来坐在火边，你的手很凉”。
4、Various programs____________on TV. World news____________best received.
A. will show, are
B. are shown, is
C. are showing, is
D. have shown, are
正确答案：B
答案讲解：第一句话的主语various programs是复数，故应选择复数的谓语动词，而第二句话的主语world news是单数，要对应单数的谓语动词，这样便可以排除A和D。节目应该是被播出，所以应该选择被动语态，故答案为B，意为“电视上播出各种节目，世界新闻最受欢迎”。
5、I can't find my dictionary.I wonder whether Mary____________it now.
A. have
B. has
C. is having
D. had
正确答案：B
答案讲解：有些动词不能构成进行时，主要有以下几种。
（1）表示“存在” 的动词：be，consist，exist等。
（2）表示“所有”的动词：belong，have，keep，own，possess等。
（3）表示“知觉”的动词：feel，hear，small，see，understand等。
（4）表示“认识”的动词：believe，find，know等。
（5）表示“感情”的动词：hate，like，love等。
因此，答案为B，意为“我找不到我的字典了，我想知道是否玛丽拿了”。
6、"I'm sorry to have kept you waiting."
"Oh, not at all. I ____________here only a few minutes."
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will
正确答案：A
答案讲解：时间状语only a few minutes表示“我在这儿等了一段时间了”，这个动作从过去发生一直延续到现在，应用现在完成时，所以答案为A，意为“——对不起让你久等了。——噢，没关系，我刚来几分钟”。
7、Do I have to take this medicine? It ____________ so terrible.
A. tastes
B. is tasting
C. is tasted
D. has tasted
正确答案：A
答案讲解：谓语动词taste表示主语it具有的特征、状态，应用一般现在时，故可以排除B和D。表示某物尝起来怎么样应用主动语态，所以选A，意为“我必须吃这药吗？尝着太苦了”。
8 When I was a child, my teacher told me that the earth ____________round.
A. was
B. had been
C. has been
D. is
正确答案：D
答案讲解：动词表示普遍事实和客观真理时，应用一般现在时。“地球是圆的”是一个客观事实，所以不管主句是什么时态，谓语动词应为一般现在时，即D为正确答案，意为“当我小的时候，我的老师告诉我地球是圆的”。
9、"There is too much snow these days, isn't there?"
"Yes, it ____________for a few days."
A. was snowing
B. has been snowing
C. had been snowing
D. snowed
正确答案：B
答案讲解：时间状语for a few days表示“雪已经下了好几天了”，根据上下文可知最近一直在下雪。“下雪”这个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，强调动作的继续性质，所以应用现在完成进行时，即答案为B，意为“最近几天一直在下雪，不是吗？是啊，已经下了好几天了”。
10、"Can I join your club, Dad?"
"Yes, you can when you ____________a bit older."
A. get
B. will get
C. are getting
D. will have got
正确答案：A
答案讲解：在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作，所以在本句中when引导的从句应用一般现在时，即选A，意为“爸爸，我可以加入你们的俱乐部吗？当你长大一些就可以啊”。11、Our team ____________every match so far this year, but we still have three more games to play.
A. was winning
B. has won
C. had won
D. wins
正确答案：B
答案讲解：时间状语so far this year表示现在刚完成的动作，强调过去所发生的动作对现在的影响，所以应用现在完成时，即选B，意为“今年到目前为止，我们已经打赢了每场比赛，但是我们还有三场比赛要打”。
12、It is Friday today. My parents and I ____________New York on Saturday.
A. are flying to
B. shall be fly for
C. have flown to
D. will be flying for
正确答案：A
答案讲解：表示按计划、安排和打算，不久将要发生的动作，可以用现在进行时代替一般将来时，所以答案应为A，意为“今天是星期五，我和父母打算周六飞到纽约”。
13、If it ____________ tomorrow, we'll go swimming.
A. doesn't rain
B. isn't raining
C. don't rain
D. isn't to rain
正确答案：A
答案讲解：在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作，所以本题应选A，意为“如果明天不下雨，我们就去游泳”。
14、When he ____________ all the goods， he'll, of course, go home.
A. will sell
B. has sold
C. sells
D. will have sold
正确答案：B
答案讲解：在时间和条件状语从句中，可用现在完成时代替将来完成时，所以本题应选B，意为“当他卖完了所有的货物，他当然会回家”。
15 Don't talk so loudly. Your father ____________ .
A. sleeps
B. is sleeping
C. slept
D. has slept
正确答案：B
答案讲解：根据上下文，可知“父亲此时正在睡觉，所以不要大声说话”，所以应选择现在进行时，即答案为B。
Unit 2 过去时
1、He ____________the Communist Party____________2002.
A. has joined, in
B. has joined, since
C. joined, on
D. joined, in
正确答案：D
答案讲解：本句意为“他在2002年加入了共产党”，这是对过去发生的事件的陈述，应该用一般过去时，所以答案为D。本句不能选择完成时态，因为动词join不能表示动作的持续性，所以也就不能和since引导的时间状语连用。
2、Kate said that ____________.
A. she had finished writing the composition the night before
B. she had finished writing the composition last day
C. I finished writing the composition on the last night
D. she finished writing the composition before the night
正确答案：A
答案讲解：从句动词finished所表示的动作发生在主句动词said之前，所以从句应用过去完成时。时间状语last day是一般过去时的标志性短语，所以不能选B。正确答案为A，意思是“凯特说她昨晚就完成作文了”。
3、My classmate____________a lot of good deeds for others.
A. has been done
B. did
C. was doing
D. had done
正确答案：B
答案讲解：本句是对过去发生的事件的陈述，意思是“我的同学为他人做了很多好事”，所以应该用一般过去时，即选B。
4、Jack____________ in the street when I____________on him.
A. walked…called
B. was walking…was calling
C. walked…was calling
D. was walking…called
正确答案：D
答案讲解：本句的意思是“我拜访杰克时，他正在街上走”，表示当一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，所以应该选择过去进行时和一般过去时，即答案为D。
5、"Did you enjoy last night's concert?"
"Yes. Though the last piece____________rather poorly."
A. was played
B. played
C. was playing
D. playing
正确答案：A
答案讲解：本句的意思是“——你喜欢昨晚的音乐会吗？——是的，虽然最后一曲不怎么样”。分析句子结构，主语为the last piece，可知此处应该选择被动语态，而这件事情发生在昨晚，所以应用一般过去时，即答案为A。
6、David ____________himself while he ____________the machine.
A. hurted…was fixing
B. hurts…is fixing
C. hurt…fixed
D. hurt … was fixing
正确答案：D
答案讲解：本句的意思是“大卫修机器的时候，弄伤了自己”，表示当一个动作正在进行时，另外一个动作突然发生，所以应该选择过去进行时和一般过去时。动词hurt的过去时形式是hurt，所以答案为D。
7、It ____________ whether he will go on with his study at the university.
A. hasn't been decided
B. isn't decided
C. hasn't decided
D. doesn't decide
正确答案：A
答案讲解：it在句中作形式主语，代替whether引导的从句，指的是“他能否上大学”这件事情。某一“事件”作主语时应该选择被动语态，故可以排除C和D。本句的意思是“这件事情还没有决定”，强调的是目前的情况，所以要用现在完成时，所以答案为A，意思是“他能否上大学这事儿还没定下来”。
8、He said that he ____________to the United States.
A. had never been
B. had never gone
C. was never
D. has never been
正确答案：A
答案讲解：have been to a place的意思是说话时已经去过某地，现在已经回来了；have gone to a place 的意思是说话时已经去某地了，现在还没有回来。本句的主句是一般过去时，所以从句应该选择过去完成时，即答案为A，意为“他说他从没去过美国”。
9、This time last year I ____________my holiday in the countryside.
A. have
B. was having
C. am having
D. have had
正确答案：B
答案讲解：根据时间状语this time last year（去年的这个时候），我们可知本句的动词应用过去进行时，所以答案为B，意为“去年的这个时候，我正在乡下度假”。
10、"Where is Mary?"
"She ____________ to school."
A. will go
B. has been
C. has gone
D. went
正确答案：C
答案讲解：have been to a place的意思是说话时已经去过某地，现在已经回来了；have gone to a place 的意思是说话时已经去某地了，现在还没有回来。分析句意，Mary在说话时去学校了，还没回来，所以答案为C，意为“——玛丽在哪？——她去学校了”。
11、I'm sorry that I____________you had been there already.
A. won't know
B. didn't know
C. don't know
D. haven't known
正确答案：B
答案讲解：从句you had been there already用的是过去完成时，可知动词know应该选用相应的过去时态，所以答案为B，意为“对不起，我不知道你已经到这儿了”。
12、It____________hard when I left the house.
A. is raining
B. rains
C. was raining
D. will rain
正确答案：C
答案讲解：根据时间状语从句when I left the house（当我离开家的时候）可知主句应表示“天正在下雨”，所以应该选择进行时态。从句用的是一般过去时，主句也应用相应的过去时态，所以答案为C，意思是“当我离开家的时候，天正在下雨”。
13 Tim ____________ a great number of different places in Australia.
A. already has visited
B. has already visited
C. has visited already
D. has ever visited
正确答案：B
答案讲解：在完成时态中，副词already和just等应放在助动词have、has、had和动词过去分词之间，所以答案为B，意思是“汤姆已经游览了澳大利亚很多不同的地方”。
14、Up to now, I ____________ very successful.
A. am not
B. haven't been
C. was not
D. were not
正确答案：B
答案讲解：根据时间状语up to now（直到现在），我们可知本句的动词应用完成时态，所以答案为B，意思是“到目前为止我还不是很成功”。
15、The wheat ____________cut three days ago.
A. were
B. has been
C. Had
D. was
正确答案：D
答案讲解：短语three days ago是一般过去时的时间状语，主语the wheat是不可数名词，所以应选D，意思是“麦子三天前就割了”。
Unit 3 将来时
1 One____________if one breaks the law.
A. will be punished
B. will punish
C. is being punished
D. has been punished
正确答案：A
答案讲解：one 和punish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据条件状语从句if one breaks the law 可知punish这个动作没有发生，应该用一般将来时，所以答案为A，意思是“如果一个人触犯法律，就会受到惩罚”。
2、If you____________quiet, I'll tell you what happened.
A. be
B. are to be
C. are
D. will be
正确答案：C
答案讲解：如果主句是一般将来时，在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以本题应选C，意思是“如果你安静下来，我就告诉你发生了什么”。
3、Middle school boys____________not to smoke.
A. always tell
B. are told always
C. are always told
D. is always told
正确答案：C
答案讲解：主语middle school boys是复数，而且与谓语动词tell之间是被动关系，这样可以排除A 和D。副词always应该放在助动词和实义动词之间，所以应该选C，意思是“中学男生总是被告知不要抽烟”。
4、If you study hard, you____________the examination.
A. has passed
B. are passing
C. have passed
D. will pass
正确答案：D
解析：分析句意，即“如果你好好学习，你就会通过考试”，可知pass这个动作还没有发生，应该用一般将来时，所以选D。
5、John does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ____________his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help
B. is helping
C. helps
D. has helped
正确答案：B
答案讲解：根据but后面的时间状语now可知这一动作正在进行中，应该用现在进行时，所以选B，意思是“约翰每天傍晚做很多的家务活，但是现在他正在帮助他的同学们复习功课”。
6、The song ____________by children.
A. is often sung
B. was often sung
C. sings
D. has often sung
正确答案：A
答案讲解：主语the song 是单数，和谓语动词sing之间是被动关系，而副词often表明是经常发生的动作，应用一般现在时，所以答案为A，意思是“孩子们经常唱这首歌”。
7、By the end of 2020 China ____________much stronger and richer.
A. will become
B. would become
C. is becoming
D. will have become
正确答案：D
答案讲解：根据时间状语by the end of 2020可知本句表示在未来的时间点之前将会完成的动作，应该用将来完成时，所以答案为D，意思是“到2020年末，中国将会变得更加强大、富有”。
8、It ____________years since I last saw you.
A. was
B. is
C. will be
D. has been
正确答案：D
解析：根据时间状语since I last saw you，可知前面的动作是从过去发生一直持续到现在，应该用完成时态，所以选D，意思是“自从我上次看见你已经过去很多年了”。
9、The room____________often cleaned by the worker.
A. has
B. will be
C. was
D. is
正确答案：D
答案讲解：主语the room 是单数，和谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，而副词often表明是经常发生的动作，应用一般现在时，所以选D，意思是“房间经常由工人打扫”。
10、 The railway____________in three years.
A. is complete
B. will completed
C. has completed
D. will be completed
正确答案：D
解析：根据时间状语in three years可知这个动作将要发生，应该用一般将来时态，而主语railway 和谓语complete之间是被动关系，所以答案为D，意思是“铁路将在三年内完成”。
11、The Anti-Japanese War____________in 1937 and it____________eight years.
A. brea k out …last
B. was broken out …lasted
C. broke out …last
D. broke out…lasted
正确答案：D
答案讲解：根据时间状语in 1937可知这是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语the Anti-Japanese Warr和谓语broke out是主动关系，不能用被动语态，所以答案为D，意思是“抗日战争爆发于1937年，持续了8年之久”。
12、____________you____________there before?
A. Have, been
B. Have, gone
C. Have, been to
D. Have gone to
正确答案：A
答案讲解：本题意为“你以前去过哪儿吗？”，表明说话时双方都不在那个地方，应该用have been to 结构，所以答案为A。
13、Tom ____________ his lessons from seven to eight last night.
A. was doing
B. had done
C. were taken
D. had been taken
正确答案：A
答案讲解：时间状语from seven to eight last night表示的是一段时间，所以应该用过去进行时，意思是“汤姆昨晚从7点到8点这段时间正在学习功课”，所以答案为A。
14 He____________thin. What happened to him?
A. was getting
B. is getting
C. will getting
D. had been got
正确答案：B
答案讲解：本句表示的是汤姆现在处于的一种状态，应该用现在进行时态，所以答案为B，意思是“他
变得瘦了，发生了什么事情？”。
15、I ____________my homework now.
A. finish
B. finished
C. have finished
D. had finished
正确答案：C
答案讲解：此句用现在完成时表示某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，意思是“我现在已经完成了作业”，所以应该选C。
Unit 4 动词的语态
1、That factory ____________ nearly 50 years ago.
A. has been built
B. had built
C. was built
D. has built
正确答案：C
答案讲解：根据时间状语nearly 50 years ago，可知谓语动词应该用一般过去时；而主语the factory 和谓语build之间是被动关系，所以答案为C。句子的意思是：“这个工厂修建于50年前。”
2、We all believe that computer____________ smaller and smaller in the coming years.
A. can be become
B. will be got
C. will be changed
D. can turn
正确答案：D
答案讲解：此题意思是：“我们都相信在未来几年中计算机会变得越来越小。”能表达此意的只有A、B和D选项。动词become、get和turn + adj.可以构成主系表结构，且不用被动语态，所以答案应选D。
3、He ____________ not to leave waste paper in public places any more.
A. warns
B. warnd
C. is warned
D. was warned
正确答案：D
答案讲解：分析句子结构，主语he和谓语warn之间是被动关系，而这件事很明显是发生在过去，所以答案为D。句子的意思是：“他被警告不要再把废纸扔在公共场所。”
4、Don't worry. Everything will____________in time.
A. be finished
B. finish
C. Finished
D. be finishing
正确答案：A
答案讲解：主语everything和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系。在将来时态中，被动语态形式为“主语+will be + V.p.p.”，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“不要担心，每件事都会按时完成。”
5、Such problems ____________ as soon as possible.
A. have solved
B. have been solving
C. have to solve
D. have to be solved
正确答案：D
答案讲解：分析句子结构，主语such problems和谓语solve之间是被动关系，所以答案应选D。“主语+ have to + be +V.p.p.”的意思是“不得不被……”。句子的意思是：“这样的问题不得不尽快解决。”
6、Her application for the position ____________ by the boss.
A. was refused
B. was refusing
C. refused
D. is refusing
正确答案：A
答案讲解：分析句子结构，主语her application for the position和谓语refuse之间是被动关系，所以答案应选A。句子的意思是：“她申请那个职位被老板拒绝了。”
7 The event ____________ at the time last year.
A. happens
B. happened
C. is happened
D. was happened
正确答案：B
答案讲解：动词happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态；时间状语at the time last year表明这件事
发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，所以答案为B。句子的意思是：“这件事发生在去年的这个时候。”
8 Much ____________ in the past few years.
A. has done
B. Did
C. has been done
D. was done
正确答案：C
答案讲解：主语much和动词do之间是被动关系，时间状语in the past few years是现在完成时的一个标志，所以正确答案是C。句子的意思是：“在过去的几年中完成了很多事情。”
9、 Because of the rainy day, the match ____________
A. has been putting off
B. has put off
C. put off
D. has been put off
正确答案：D
答案讲解：主语the match和谓语put off之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以答案为D。句子的意思是：“由于下雨，比赛被推迟了。”
10、Working hours in the United States ____________over the past 20 years.
A. have increased
B. increased
C. were increasing
D. have been increased
正确答案：A
答案讲解：increase在句中表示一种状态而不是动作，所以不能用被动语态；根据时间状语over the past 20 years，可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“在美国过去的20年中，工作时间增加了。”
11、Since computers were invented, it ____________ that they are indispensable for scientific research.
A. thought
B. has been thought
C. is thinking
D. had thought
正确答案：B
答案讲解：it在句中作形式主语，句子真正的主语是that引导的从句，而且it和think是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以应选B。句子的意思是：“自从计算机发明以来，人们就认为它们对科学研究而言是必不可少的。”
12、He was told that after he graduated he ____________ by a company.
A. would be employed
B. would get employed
C. would be employing
D. would employ
正确答案：A
答案讲解：主语he和谓语employ之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，而get employed是比较口语化的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by短语，所以答案为A。句子的意思是：“他被告知毕业后会被一家公司聘用。”
13、The steps of progress in society ____________ of as having happened in a short time.
A. must not think
B. must not be thought
C. must think
D. thought
正确答案：B
答案讲解：主语the steps of progress in society和谓语think of之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以应选B。句子的意思是“不应该认为社会进步的步伐会在短时间内发生。”
14、His wife told him that the kitchen ____________ cleaned by the sweeper.
A. was being
B. was getting
C. has been
D. got
正确答案：A
答案讲解：主语the kitchen和谓语clean之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。get +V.p.p.是比较口语化的一种被动语态，这种结构中很少用by短语，故可以排除B和D。主句是一般过去时，从句也应用过去时态，故又可以排除C。所以，正确答案为A，这是过去进行时的被动语态结构。句子的意思是：
“他的妻子告诉他清洁工正在打扫厨房。”
15、Owing to the snowstorm, the trip to the mountain ____________.
A. has been canceling
B. has canceled
C. Canceled
D. has been canceled
正确答案：D
答案讲解：the trip to the mountain和cancel 之间是动宾关系，所以这里应该用被动语态，用be+V.p.p.的形式，这里符合要求的只有D，因此正确答案应该是D。
Unit 5 不定式
1、This company was the first____________portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
A. producing
B. to produce
C. having produced
D. produced
正确答案：B
答案讲解：本句需要动词不定式来做后置定语，修饰the first, 所以应选B。整句话的意思是：这家公司是世界上首家生产便携式收音机和盒式磁带录音机的公司。
2、The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,____________it more difficult.
A. not making
B. not make
C. not to make
D. nor to make
正确答案：C
答案讲解：本句需要动词不定式来做与is to make life easier并列的表语，所以应选C。整句话的意思是：新技术的目的是让生活更轻松，而不是更困难。
3、Helen had to shout____________above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
正确答案：D
答案讲解：本句需要动词不定式来做动词shout的目的状语，所以应在B和D之间选择。而“让自己被别人听到”应该用heard，而不是hear，所以应该选D。整句话的意思是：海伦不得不大声喊，以使别人能在音乐声中听到她的声音。
4、I don't know whether you happen____________, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
正确答案：D
答案讲解：根据句意，这里应该用动词不定式的完成时来表示“已经听说”，所以应该选D。整句话的意思是：不知道你是不是已经听说了，反正我今年9月就要到美国留学了。
5、The news reporters hurried to the airport, only____________the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
正确答案：B
答案讲解：本句中的only to do sth.是固定短语，常在句中做结果状语，表示很令人遗憾、失望或伤心的结果，所以应从A和B中选择。根据句意，the news reporter应是动词tell的宾语，所以应该用动词不定式的被动语态，故应该选B。整句话的意思是：那位记者匆匆赶到机场，却被告知那些影星已经走了。
6、You were silly not ____________your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
正确答案：B
答案讲解：本句需要动词不定式来做原因状语，并根据句意判断，应该用不定式的完成时，所以应选B。整句话的意思是：你没有锁车，真傻。