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实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Chapter 1&2)

实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Chapter 1&2)
实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Chapter 1&2)

An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice

实用英汉翻译技巧与实践

(Definition of Translation)

1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)

忠实(Faithfulness)

通顺(Smoothness)

1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)

a. 原文理解(Comprehension of Source Texts)

?词义确定(Determination of Word Meaning)

It is quite another story now.

The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.

The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.

A young man came to police station with a story.

?语法分析(Grammatical Analysis)

W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.

?逻辑判断(Logical Judgement)

H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.

?文体把握(Understanding of Style)

旅游景点警示语:路滑, 小心跌倒!

译1:The road is slippery, fall down carefully!

译2:The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.

译3:Slippery // Wet path!

b.译文表达(Expression of Target Texts)

c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)

1.4 翻译的主要方法(Major Translation Approaches)

a. 直译法(Literal Translation)

p aper tiger

l ose face

r unning dog

G ood to begin well, better to end well.

b. 意译法(Free Translation)

Q ueen’s English

s mall talk

r eceive glove money

E very life has its roses and thorns.

c. 归化法(Domestication)

b lack sheep

a s timid as a hare

d.异化法(Foreignization)

1.5 翻译的常用技巧(Practical Translation Skills)

异&选择(Choice of Word Meaning)

一词多义(Polysemous Words)

?New homes are for sale.

?I’ll see her home tonight.

?He’s at home with classics.

?Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.

a. 语境与词义(Context and Word Meaning)

A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.

T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.

b.词性与词义(Word Class and Word Meaning)

M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.

H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.

c.文体与词义(Style and Word Meaning)

?United States Declaration of Independence:He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.

?The third power of 2 is 8.

2.2 引申翻译

a. 具体化引申翻译(Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)

?抽象名词的具体化(Concreteness from

Abstract Nouns)

T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.

T he administration was free from corruption.

?概括词语的具体化(Concreteness from General Words)

A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.

T he weather has a great effect on the farmer?ˉs work and the products of his work.

b. 概括化引申翻译(Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)

H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.

M y father is the bread earner.

2.3 增补翻译(Addition)

a. 语法增补(Grammatical Addition)

?动词的增补(Addition of Verbs)

I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.

A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.

?量词的增补(Addition of Measure Words)

A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.

T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.

?时态词的增补(Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)

T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.

T he old man said, “They say his father was ?°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”

译文:老头儿说: “听人说,从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。”

?名词的增补(Addition of Nouns)

T o wash before meal.

T hese X-pictures are useful in diagnosing, or finding the causes of, many illnesses.

b. 修辞增补(Rhetorical Addition)

?名词复数的增补(Addition of Plural Form of Nouns)

F lowers bloom all over the yard.

T he lion is the king of animals.

?语气助词的增补(Addition of Mood Auxiliary Words)

D on’t take it seriously. It’s only a joke.

A s for me ,I didn’t agree from the very beginning .

?逻辑增补(Logical Addition)

You and I

Lung cancer, diagnosed early, can be successfully treated by surgery.

For mistakes had been made, bad ones.

2.4 省略翻译(Omission)

a. 冠词的省略(Omission of Articles)

T he sky was blue and the sun was shining.

A teacher should have patience in his work.

b. 介词的省略(Omission of Prepositions)

S moking is not allowed in the store-house.

I t will be idle for them to pretend that they have never heard of me.

c.连词的省略(Omission of Connectives)

T he driver immediately pulled over to the side of the highway and radioed the police. T he boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.

d. 代词的省略(Omission of Pronouns)

I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.

H e shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.

e. it 的省略(Omission of it)

O utside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

I t is the people who are really powerful.

I t took me a long time to reach the hospital.

f. 动词的省略(Omission of Verbs)

W hen the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.

T his chapter provides a brief review of applicable theory for computer.

g. 逻辑上的省略(Logical Omission)

T his treatment did not produce any harmful side effect.

N either party shall cancel the contract with-out sufficient cause or reason.

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实用汉英翻译教程 参考答案

Beidaihe Seaside Resort The Beidaihe Seaside Resort, a famous summer resort in China, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Qinghuangdao. With the Bohai Sea to its south and the Lianfeng Mountains to its north, the resort enjoys a long coastline, fine beaches and a calm sea, ideal for bathing. Moreover, the weather at the seaside is mild all the year round with the temperature in the hottest month averaging only 23°C. The sea wind by day and the land breeze by night make the place a best summer vacationland. The natural charm of Beidaihe is breathtaking. The East and West Lianfeng Mountains with their luxurious pines and cypresses and grotesque rocks extend far into the distance. In front of the mountains lies a vast expense of ocean stretching to the horizon while beautiful villas and buildings dot the green landscape. On the East Lianfeng Mountain, a rock looks just like a lotus flower, and two other rocks on the West Lianfeng Mountain, standing face to face, resemble two persons having a conversation. Meng Jiangnu Temple Meng Jiangnu Temple, 6.5 kilometers to the east of Shanhaiguan Pass, was first built in 1594, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that the husband of a women named Meng Jiangnu was sent to work on the Great Wall. To bring him winter clothes, Meng Jiangnu came to Shanghaiguan Pass from thousands of miles away. When she was told that her husband had died at work, she cried her heart out. Her tears of anguish bust the Great Wall and she jumped into the sea and died. Later, a temple was built in memory of her. It stands on the top of a hill, with stone steps leading to it. There are two halls in the temple. In the front hall stands the clay statue of Meng Jiangnu in plain white clothes, facing the sea with a sorrow look. In the rear hall is the statue of the Goddess of Mercy. Behind the hall is the “Rock of Waiting for the Husband”, the marks on which are said to be Meng Jiangnu’s footp rints. Nearby stands her Dressing Pavilion. Beijing-Toronto Hotel/Jinglun Hotel Beijing-Toronto is located on Jiangguomenwai Avenue, downtown Beijing, in the vicinity of the embassy quarters, Friendship Store and a number of major commercial buildings, with the world-famous Tian An Men Square only ten minutes away. Beijing-Toronto has 659 spacious rooms and suites, with wide comfortable beds. They are all equipped with modern facilities such as central air-conditioning, color TV with satellite transmitted programs, IDD and DDD calls and mini-bars, meeting international standards. In our room, one cannot help but feel cozy, comfortable and satisfied.

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英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项 ~从细节处把握翻译~ 要真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难;首先是英文理解难,这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续,极为别扭。二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有。另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的文章,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结,以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手: 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。 1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译。 The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。

10大翻译技巧+专业翻译必看书籍

10大翻译技巧+专业翻译必看书籍 梦游的松鼠2013-11-29 00:11:07 ※网站推荐 1.中国翻译协会https://www.sodocs.net/doc/492829741.html,/tran/index.htm 2.中国科技翻译https://www.sodocs.net/doc/492829741.html,/2002/magazine/index.asp?MagID=1917 3.译路网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/492829741.html,/html/e/2006-11/10/12_47_12_73 4.html 4.译商网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/492829741.html,/Resourcehtml/Resource413.html 5.词汇术语网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/492829741.html,/news/a1/1.htm 6.英语之声https://www.sodocs.net/doc/492829741.html,/englishstudy/ch/jgmc/index2.html 7.舍生取译网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/492829741.html,/ 5 ※参考书目 翻译杂志类: 中国翻译,2003(6). 王占斌,《上海翻译》2005( 1), 32-35. 王方路,《中国科技翻译》2005(1),45-47. 陈恪清,《中国科技翻译》2004(2),39-40. 苏淑惠, 《外国语》1996: (2) “广告英语的文体功能与翻译标准”, 魏彩霞, 浅谈国际贸易中商标的翻译. 中国翻译, 1997, (3) 教程类: 张培基等,1980.《英汉翻译教程》.上海外语教育出版社. 范仲英, 1994.《实用翻译教程》.外语教学与研究出版社. 冯庆华,2002.《实用翻译教程》(英汉互译增订本).上海外语教育出版社. 梅德明,2000,高级口译教程,上海:上海外语教育出版社。 厦门大学外文系,1999.中英英语合作项目小组编著.新编英语口译教程(学生用 书).上海:上海外语教育出版社. 厦门大学外文系, 1999.中英英语合作项目小组编著.新编英语口译教程(教师用书).上海:上海外语教育出版社. 吕瑞昌喻云根等,1983.《汉英翻译教程》.西安:陕西人民出版社. 郭著章李庆生,《英汉互译实用教程》. 武汉:武汉大学出版社. 杨莉黎,1993.《英汉互译教程》开封:河南大学出版社. 吴冰,2004.现代汉译英口译教程练习册.北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 曾诚,2002.实用汉英翻译教程.北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 陈宏薇.李亚丹,2004.新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社. 翻译技巧类: 钱歌川,1980.《翻译漫谈》.中国对外翻译出版公司. 刘重德编著,1991.《文学翻译十讲》.中国对外翻译出版公司. 金圣华、黄国彬主编,1998.《困难见巧》.中国对外翻译出版公司. 古今明,1997.《英汉翻译基础》.上海外语教育出版社. 译作赏析类: 刘士聪,2002.《汉英/英汉美文翻译与鉴赏》.译林出版社. 崔永禄,2001.《文学翻译佳作对比赏析》.南开大学出版社. 喻云根,1996.《英美名著翻译比较》.湖北教育出版社.

《新英汉翻译教程》第一章课后作业答案

If it worked once, it can work twice ⑽一次得手,再次不愁 例2:The child has started going on all fours. 孩子会爬了 1.He has a weakness for smoking B.他有抽烟的癖好。 2.A cat is a cleanly animal B.猫是喜爱清洁的动物。 He is dead,as I live B.他的确死了。 4.His English leaves nothing to be desired B.他的英语无可挑剔。 5.I would rather have his room than his company B.我宁愿他不在。 6.Y our loss is nothing to mine A.你的损失与我无关 7.The patient is waiting to cross the Styx B.这个病人已经等死了。 8.The headmaster made an example of the boy. B.校长惩罚这个孩子,目的在于警告他人。 9.The Disney management is stressing this tradition in an apparent response to suggestions that is culturally insensitive. B. 迪斯尼管理强调,这一传统显然是有人对迪斯尼管理在文化传统方面麻木不仁的态度所提出的种种建议。 10.The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died. B. 努力保护自己的婚前契约,把财产能传到儿孙手中,这在已退休并丧偶、又准备再婚的六七十岁的老人当中十分普遍。

英汉翻译常用的方法和技巧

英汉翻译常用的方法和技巧(一) 词义的选择 英汉语言中都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。 一词多类指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有不同的意义。 一词多义就是说同一个词在同一类中,又往往有几个不同的词义。 在英汉翻译过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后要善于选择和确定原句中关键词的词义: 一、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 选择某个词的词义,首先判明这个词在原句中应属于哪一种词类,再确定词义 ----Like charges repel; unlike charges attract( 相同的电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸) adj ---He likes mathematics more than physics ( 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学) v ---In the sunbeam passing through the window ther are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里,细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮。(前置词) ---Like knows like. 英雄识英雄(名词) 二、根据上下文练习以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义 英语中同一个词,同一词类,在不同场合往往也有不同含义。 ----He is the last man to come 他是最后来的 ---He is the last man to do it 他绝不会干那件事 ---He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这个工作 ---He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不该怪他 ---He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜找他商量 ---This is the last place where i expected to meet you. 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你

英汉翻译技巧汇总

第一节省略法 所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去,而是省略一些可有可无的,或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言习惯的词。 一、结构考虑的省略 1.代词的省略 A.省略作主语的代词 在英文句子中,作主语的代词较多。为了使译文前后句子的意思紧凑,避免重复用词,或者为了使译文前后句子的主语能清楚地表示出来,有时可以将作主语的代词省去。但省去的人称代词在意思上仍明显地包含在译文里。例如: 1). That is the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。 2)Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice. 像他的朋友一样,他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法,却只有少数付诸实施。 B. 在英语句子中,泛指的人称代词常常不译出来。例如: 1)One is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 2)They say it’s so. 据说是这样。 C. 作宾语的代词往往也可省略。 在英语句子中,有时作宾语的代词,无论在前面是否提到过,翻译成汉语的时候往往可以不译出来。例如: 1)The following letter will explain itself and needs no apology. 下面的话一看就明白,用不着道歉。 2)If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 如果你读过这些故事,就用自己的话讲出来。 3)The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them. 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤,就越是会暴露。 D. 省略物主代词 在英语句子里的物主代词,出现的频率很高。一个句子中往往会出现好几个物主代词,如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下,在翻译的时候物主代词大多省略。例如: 1)For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room, its electric wiring, its path and its garden. 两个星期以来,他一直注意房子的情况,查看各个房间、留心电路的走向以及通道和花园的布局。 2) In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 为了生存,为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行,人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。 1)She felt the flowers were in her finger, on her lips, growing in her breast. 她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿,胸中也生长着花儿。 2.省略非人称或无意义的代词it “it”也起着代词的作用,在译文中,当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候,往往可以省略。A.非人称的it 1) Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

常用英汉翻译技巧

常用英汉翻译技巧 来源: 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4) 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)

常用十大翻译技巧

常用十大翻译技巧 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)(5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) (7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语) (8)三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)2. 省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如: (1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)

自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记(1)

自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记(1) Translation Conclusion Unit 1 stories 1. He was thirty-six,his youth had passed like a screaming eagle,leaving him old and disillusioned. 他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝,留给他的是衰老和幻灭。 2. average height 普通高度 3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉 4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄 5. ignoring the chair offered him,Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was,what he had done in the past,how he had fled from Yunnan,talked with Sun Yat-sen,been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai,and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. 朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调,说明自己的身份和经历:他怎样逃出云南,怎样会见孙中山,怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝,怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。

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