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2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译(复语)真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译(复语)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译(复语)真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译(复语)真题及详解

一、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)

Trade has played a remarkable role on different fronts over the last decades as part of a virtuous circle of growth and development,a harbinger of opportunities unimaginable not so many decades ago,and as an agent of greater social harmony. The rise of international supply chains has deepened and broadened opportunities arising from international exchange.When we think about trade in an economically more rational way—that is,in terms not just of flows of goods and services but rather in terms of the contribution of different nations in joined up production relationships—we begin to appreciate the true nature of the common interests that join us together.

WTO must address traditional issues of long-standing vintage such as tariffs, non-tariff measures,services and agriculture.At the same time,in our increasingly integrated world,other policy issues require attention,including investment, competition,subsidies and the management of public policy in trade-friendly ways. The premium on avoiding incoherence and fragmentation in policy design and management will grow.Therefore,WTO must search for constructive compromise on fundamental issues relating to the balance of rights and obligations among its diverse membership,especially in a world of shifting influence and power among nations.Better accommodation is needed between preferential trade agreements and the multilateral trading system.

【参考译文】

过去几十年间,贸易已经在不同领域里发挥了重要作用。它是良性循环发展的一部分,它所预示的机遇数十年前简直无法想象,同时它还有利于促进社会和谐。国际供应链的兴起进一步深化拓展了国际交换带来的机遇。如果我们从经济上更合理的角度来考虑贸易——也就是,不仅从商品和劳务的流动方面考虑,而且还要考虑到生产一体化关系中各国的贡献——我们就能够领会到将我们联系到一起的共同利益真正的本质。

世界贸易组织应该积极应对长期存在的问题,譬如关税和非关税的对策与服务,以及农业生产。同时,在这个日渐一体化的世界,其他政策问题也值得关注,包括投资、竞争、补贴,及通过贸易友好的方式管理国家政策。避免政策制定与管理中的不连贯和断裂所需要的经费将继续增加。因此,世贸组织需要在其多样化的成员国之间寻求根本问题上权利和义务的平衡,尤其是在当今世界国家间权力与影响力不断转变的背景下。优惠贸易协定和多边贸易体系之间需要不断优化调整。

二、将下列短文译为汉语(50分)

The adoption of the Millennium Declaration in2000by189States Members of the United Nations,147of which were represented by their Head of State,was a defining moment for global cooperation in the twenty-first century.The Declaration captured previously agreed goals on international development,and gave birth to a set of concrete and measurable development objectives known as the Millennium Development Goals.Spurred by the Declaration,leaders from both developed and developing countries committed to achieve these,interwoven goals by2015.

The Millennium Development Goals are the highest profile articulation of the internationally agreed development goals associated with the United Nations development agenda,representing the culmination of numerous important United Nations summits held during the previous decade,including summits on sustainable development,education,children,food,women,population and social development.

Our challenge today is to agree on an action agenda to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.With two years to go to the target date of2015,the prospect of falling short of achieving the Goals because of a lack of commitment is very real. This would be an unacceptable failure from both the moral and the practical standpoint.If we fail the dangers in the world—instability,violence,epidemic diseases,environmental degradation,runaway population growth—will all be multiplied.

Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals remains feasible with adequate commitment,policies,resources and effort.The Millennium Declaration represents the most important collective promise ever made to the world’s most vulnerable people.This promise is not based on pity or charity,but on solidarity, justice and the recognition that we are increasingly dependent on one another for our shared prosperity and security.

【参考译文】

2000年,联合国189位成员国代表(其中147位由国家元首亲自出席)通过了《千年宣言》,这对于21世纪全球合作具有决定性意义。《千年宣言》在既有的世界发展目标基

础上,提出一套具体的量化发展目标,即“千年发展目标”。在《千年宣言》的激励下,发展中国家和发达国家一致承诺到2015年实现这些彼此密不可分的目标。

千年发展目标是对国际认可的发展目标和联合国的发展议程的高度概括,代表了过去十年里很多重要联合国首脑会议的顶峰,其中包括可持续发展峰会、教育峰会、儿童峰会、食品峰会、妇女峰会、人口峰会和社会发展峰会。

我们今天的挑战是在实现千年发展目标的行动日程上达成一致。距离2015年目标日期仅剩两年时间,如果没有主动承担义务,很有可能无法实现预期的目标。不管是在道德上还是实际的立场上,都无法接受这样的失败。如果我们没有成功,世界上的这些危险——动荡、暴力、流行病、环境退化、人口失控——都将成倍増长。

只要有足够的献身精神、政策支持、资源支撑和共同努力,千年发展目标的实现依然具有可行性。《千年宣言》代表着我们对世界上的弱势群体作出的最重要的集体承诺。这一承诺的基础不是怜悯或施舍,而是团结一致、公平正义,以及承认实现繁荣与安全意味着我们越来越离不开彼此。

三、将下列段落译为英语(25分)

据一份研究报告统计,全球有超过2亿人可能暴露在有毒废物的污染之中,并称如此庞大的数量意味着有毒废物对公共健康的威胁程度丝毫不亚于疟疾和肺结核等传统健康威胁,并呼吁各方做出更多努力应对这一问题。

该研究共调查了49个国家中的3000个污染点,并按照污染程度排名。在全球十大有毒废物污染点当中,非洲、欧洲和亚洲分别占据三席,拉丁美洲占据一席。这些有毒的废物排放和环境污染已经威胁到数以万计的妇女和儿童健康。

【参考译文】

According to the statistics of a research report,more than200million people around the world are at risk of exposure to toxic waste.The report also claims that such an enormous amount means toxic waste has become a public health threat equivalent to more highly publicized public health problems such as malaria and tuberculosis.Meanwhile,the researchers call on all parties to make more efforts to deal with this issue.

The research involved3000contaminated sites in49countries and a list was made according to the pollution level.Among the world’s top ten toxic threat sites,Africa,Europe and Asia have three sites respectively and Latin America one. Toxic dumping and environmental pollution have endangered the health of tens of thousands of women and children.

四、将下列短文译为英语(50分)

11月11日是中国的光棍儿节,是单身青年过节的日子。但许多人也趁着这一天到网上扫货,因为各大电子贸易网站会全场半价。

前几天我室友还问我赶在双11促销之前往购物车里存了什么货。她还特别兴奋地让我看了她的购物车,里面放了一双皮靴和一套家纺。我很快就被她的血拼热情感染了,于是和她一起坐在电脑前等着零点到来。

我可以给我妈买件冬大衣,再给我爸买双棉鞋。其实这样买东西还挺方便的,我心里想,就点一下“去付款”,输信用卡密码,就把全家的事情都搞定了。

可好不容易等到零点,支付网页却无情的崩溃了。页面上只能看到一张卡通图片。图片里的收银员忙得焦头烂额,前面排了一队人。图片下方的文字显示:“抱歉,当前顾客较多,

请您耐心等候”。

【参考译文】

November11th is the Singles’Day in China,a day celebrated not only by singles,but also by shoppers who are ready for a shopping spree,because on that day major e-commerce websites in China would offer50%-off discount on almost all items.

A few days ago,my roommate asked me what I had stashed in my online shopping cart for Singles’Day promotions on11November.She excitedly showed me what she had in stock:one pair of leather boots and a set of soft sheets. Her shopping excitement quickly became dangerously contagious.I found myself watching for the clock to strike midnight on11November.

An overcoat for my mum,winter boots for my dad;my family’s shopping desires were all channeled towards me.It would be so easy to make these purchases,I thought,and how nice it would be to pamper my family with just one click on the“pay now”button,and the password for my credit card.

But when the clock finally struck midnight,the payment page was hopelessly jammed.All I could see was a cartoon picture of a frantic cashier girl sweating in front of a crowd of shoppers.“Sorry we’ve got too many customers;please wait patiently,”the caption said.

2016上海外国语大学翻译硕士初试真题与答案

2016年上海外国语大学专业学位英语口译/笔译初试 英语翻译基础(100分) 12月26日14:00—17:00 I.Cloze.(共15个空,一空两分,共30分) 卷子上的标题是Here’s why the“American century”will survive rise of China The American century will survive the rise of China Joseph Nye March25,2015 Entropy is a greater challenge than Chinese growth,writes Joseph Nye In1941Time editor Henry Luce proclaimed“the American century”.Some now see this coming to an end as1.a result of the nation’s economic and political decline. Many point to the example of US failure to convince its allies to stay out of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank,Beijing’s rival to the World Bank;but this was 2.more an example of a faulty decision than evidence of decline,which raises the question of what is the natural life cycle of a nation. A century is generally the limit for a human organism but countries are social constructs.Rome did not collapse until more than three centuries after it reached its apogee of power in117AD.After American independence in1776Horace Walpole, the British politician,lamented that his nation had been reduced to the level of Sardinia,just as Britain was about to enter the industrial revolution that3.powered its second century as a global power. Any effort at assessing American power in the coming decades should4.take into account how many earlier efforts have been wide of the mark.It is chastening to remember how wildly5.exaggerated US estimates of Soviet power in the1970s and of Japanese power in the1980s were.Today some see the Chinese as10ft tall and proclaim this“the Chinese century”. China’s size and relatively rapid economic growth will bring it closer to the US in terms of its power resources in the next few decades.But this does not necessarily mean it will surpass the US in military,economic and soft power. 6.Even if China suffers no big domestic political setback,many projections are simple linear extrapolations of growth rates that are likely to slow in the future.

2014年英语四级短文翻译预测集锦

短文翻译集锦 1. 中秋习俗 在中国月饼是一种特殊的食品,广受海内外华人的欢迎。中秋节吃月饼就好比圣诞节吃馅饼(mince pies)。为了庆祝中秋节,中国人通常做两件事:一是观赏满月。二是品尝美味的月饼。中秋节是每年农历八月十五日。据说,这一天的月亮是一年中最圆的。而月亮正是庆贺中秋的全部主题。在中国人眼中,月饼象征着全家人的大团圆。 参考译文: Moon cakes are a special kind of food in China. They are very popular with the Chinese at home and abroad. Moon cakes are to Mid-Autumn Festival what mince pies are to Christmas. To celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese usually do two things: enjoy the full moon and eat delicious moon cakes. Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest. And the moon is what this celebration is all about. In the eyes of the Chinese people, a moon cake symbolizes the reunion of all family members. 2.传统艺术 皮影戏又称“影子戏”。它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。皮影戏在我国历史悠久,元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家,迷倒了不少国外戏迷,被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。 参考译文 The shadow puppet play, also known as ‘shadow play’, is one of China’s famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating human figures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience. They call the art form Chinese shadow play. 3.社交饥渴 手机,是一项伟大的发明。但很显然,手机也刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条公告:请与会者关闭手机。可是,会议室里手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人,并没有多少特别重要的事情。尽管如此,我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征着我们与这个世界的联系。显然,手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。(thirst for socialization) 参考译文 The cell phone is a great invention. But obviously, It has altered the relationship among people. There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your hand-set.” However, phones ring now and then when the meeting goes on. We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with. Never the less, we will not switch off our

英语对现代汉语网络语言的影响

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汉语网络新词的文化内涵及英译

1.引言 社会发展越来越迅速,语言作为体现社会文化的载体也在不断发展。从与民生息息相关的“房改”、“医改”,到体现社会现实的“小三”,“潜规则”,汉语词汇在短短几十年产生了十分流行的新词汇。随着网络科技的不断发展,一些网友们也创造出很多汉语新词,如“艳照门”,“偷菜”,等。这些词的英译版也在网上流传开来,其中不乏一些翻译的非常绝妙的词语。这些新词的翻译对传播中国文化,让外国人认识中国社会以及文化有很重要的意义。而能正确体现出这些词语内涵的翻译才能有效完成这一文化的传递,让更多的其他文化的人能通过这些词汇正确了解发生的新闻事件,中国人的精神文化生活以及中国的社会现状。本文试图评析一些新词英译版的文化内涵,指出其中的妙笔与瑕疵,并发现在翻译汉语新词方面的技巧。 2.翻译中文化传递 文化是社会历史的产物,来自人们的长期社会实践和智慧结晶。不同民族不同文化间的相互认识了解是靠翻译来实现的,因为翻译的本身就是文化的交流与传播。巴斯奈特和勒菲弗尔在他们《翻译,历史和文化》中指出了翻译不仅仅是语言本身,而是与语言所处文化紧密相关的;语言极大的受限于其所处文化的历史,传统,语境等[1]。在勒菲弗尔《翻译,重写以及对文学名声的操控》一书中,他强调了翻译中意识形态的重要作用与地位,认为翻译是处于某一利益群体的人对原文进行重写的过程,其目的是具有一定意识形态的[2]。因此,翻译在翻译过程中时,我们必须考虑除语言本身外的众多文化因素。 3.中国式英语与具有中国特色的英语词汇的区别 中国式英语(Chinglish),或中式英语,是以中文为母语的英语学习者在学习过程中因欠缺英语能力及受汉语的干扰而产生的不合英语表达习惯的错误英语表达,是错误分析的对象。最常见的例子比如: (1)Good good study, day day up.(好好学习,天天向上)(2)People hill people sea(人山人海) 这些例子都是一些根据汉语的语言习惯生造的英语表达,是错误的。 具有中国特色的英语词汇,或者可以称为中国英语,由葛传槼先生最早提出,后来汪榕培、李文中、谢之君等都对此进行了定义,张宏武、林琼、文秋芳等人也提出了自己的观点[3]。王建国[4]在《中国英语研究存在的问题》一文中提到中国英语必须满足两个标准:一是能够表达中国特有的事物,二是要为英语本族语者所接受。这两个标准,只涵盖了词汇层面,并未包括句法层面,也就是说只要满足这两个要求的词汇才能叫做中国英语。谢之君[5]认为,中国英语是一种干扰性英语变体,且这种干扰表现在语言各个层面上,包括语言、思维和文化等。本文中所分析的中国英语是以规范英语为基础,表达中国社会文化诸领域特有事物,通过音译、译借及语义再生等手段进入英语交际,得到英语母语者认同的英语变体。而中国英语和中国式英语虽然同在一个连续体上,但是后者向前者的转化非常有限。因此,笔者认为,文中一些为人们所接受的汉语新词的英译属于具有汉语特色的中国英语,是有别于中国式英语的。 4.网络新词的英译例示 一些汉语网络新词的出现本身已足够精炼与巧妙,其网络上流行的英译版本更令人叫绝。如“躲猫猫”一词,原本指的是一新闻事件,一个因盗伐林木被关进看守所的青年,2009年2月8日在看守所内受伤,被送进医院,2月12日死亡。警方称其受伤的原因是放风时和狱友躲猫猫撞在墙上。若按其原意,翻译为“hide-and-seek”(字面为英文中躲猫猫,捉迷藏的意思),外国人只能看懂其然,却不懂其所以然。笔者在网络上发现现在网上热传的中国式英语将其翻译为“suihide”,是suicide(自杀)和hide(躲)的合成词,两个词和在一起正好概括了云南的“躲猫猫”事件。并且“suihide”连起来读完全符合英语读音规则,可称之为是翻译“信达雅”的典范。另外,“躲猫猫”本来的翻译并不能完全的表达其本来的内涵以及其希望译文读者所领略到得一丝。相反,网友们的英译版虽然在形式上与汉语相差甚远,却很好的表现出了其文化与社会内涵。笔者认为,此翻译符合前文所提到的中国英语的标准,可以将其视为具有中国特色的英语新词汇,即属于中国英语,延续使用。 另外一个具有中国特色的词汇“笑而不语”,中国为典型的高语境文化国家,根据霍尔的高语境与低语境理论,中国人的交流方式偏向于含蓄婉转,不会轻易在众人面前表现情绪,尤其是不满情绪,而更多的是依赖非言语交流,如面对某一事件采取“笑而不语“的姿态。在美国英国等这些低语境国家,人们倾向于直接表达自己的观点与情绪,因此没有相对应的“笑而不语”的英文表达。有网友将其翻译为smilence,是smile(微笑)和silence(沉默)的合成词,同样,smilence取义英文smile和silence各一部分,既全面的表达了中文此词的内涵,又很合英文的发音习惯,也可以称得上是典型中国特色英译新词的绝妙翻译。 5.新词翻译技巧 关于新词的翻译,借鉴之前很多对于中国特色词汇的翻译,主要有音译加意译法,直译法,意译法,移译法,以及合成法等。 5.1 音译加意译 采用音译法来翻译中国英语非常普遍。音译,即直接采用汉语拼音来书写的形式。如:2008 年北京奥运会吉祥物“福娃”译名“Fuwa”,通过英译法,向世界传达中国奥运吉祥物的民族特色和文化内蕴,而之前的译文“Friendlies”则饱受争议,让很 汉语网络新词的文化内涵及英译 冯晶晶 西安外国语大学研究生部 陕西西安 710128 摘 要:随着社会的发展和网络的普及,越来越多的网络新词也随之产生。这些新词大部分都体现了中国的社会现状与人民的日常生活。翻译是不同文化间沟通交流的方式,而这些新词的英译词也慢慢流行起来。通过对中国式英语和中国特色英语词汇的对比,本文提出这些词汇的英译符合中国特色英语词汇的特点,属于较为成功的翻译,并对其翻译技巧进行总结,提出一些翻译策略以供参考。 关键词:网络新词;英译;文化内涵;中国特色英语词汇 (下转第333页)

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