高级口译教程 笔记 unit 10 SCIENCE REPORT

UNIT TEN SCIENCE REPORT

第一篇

中国古代药王神农氏Shennong, the celebrated herbal master of ancient China

中医史上的萌芽阶段the embryo stage in the development of TCM

战国时期the Warring States Period

黄帝内经Huang Di’s Classic of internal Medicine

神农本草经Shennong’s herbal classic

主治、功用和毒性primary treatments, functions and toxic character

药典pharmacopoeia

救死扶伤healing the sick and saving the dying

职业道德规范professional work ethic

食补保健food treatment approach

延缓衰老defer senility

相互作用、互为依存be of mutual influence and interdependence

有机的整体an organic whole

诊断疾病diagnose disease

阴阳对立制约yin and yang are mutually opposing and constraining

互根互用be interdependent and mutually promoting

消长平衡proportionally change with the decrease of one, resulting in, or from the increase of the other

相互转化mutually transformational

健康的要素be essential for the maintenance of good health 指导思想guiding concept

临床治疗方法clinical treatment

针灸疗法acupuncture and moxibustion 按摩推拿medical massage

气功疗法deep breathing exercises

赢得广泛赞誉win worldwide acclaim

中医专业队伍TCM professionals

综合医院general hospital

第二篇

astrobiology 天体生物学

nitrogen 氮

hydrogen 氢

oxygen 氧气

photosynthesis 光合作用

equilibrium 平衡

meteor 流星

embedded 埋植

carbon compound 碳化合物hypothesis 假设

Antarctic 南极的

aesthetics 审美观

the Leonid meteor showers 狮子座流星雨debris 碎片

comet 彗星

The Azores 亚速尔群岛

Infrared spectrographs 红外线摄谱仪organic molecule 有机分子spectrographic 摄谱的

disseminate 散布

prebiotic life 前生物生命

galaxy 银河系

PRACTICE TEXT ONE

1.我很高兴在这里向各位简要介绍我国传统的医学，即中医。

It is my great pleasure to give you a brief introduction to China?s traditional medichine, known as “traditional Chinese medicine,”2.中医起源于6000年前的神农氏时代，这位著名的中医古代药王所生活的时代被认为时中医史上的萌芽阶段。

TCM originated with shennong, the celebrated herbal medicine master of ancient China who lived about 6 000 years ago, a time which is believed to be the embryo stage in the development of TCM.

3.战国时期的中医理论著作《黄帝内经》标志着中国医学独特的理论体系的形成。《黄帝内经》至今仍然被视为知道中医

理论的基础。

Huang di?s Classic of Internal Medicine, the theoretical work on TCM that emerged in the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), marks the establishment of Chinese medicine?s unique theoretical system. To date, this classic work is still considered as the theoretical basis guiding traditional Chinese medicine.

4.中医名著《神农本草经》总结了秦朝前的经验，共记载药物365种，按主治、功用和毒性分为三大类，是中国的一部

历史最悠久的药典。

Shennong?s Herbal Classic, the famous TCM work that sums uo medical experiences prior to the Qin (221-207BC) Dynasty, records 365 varieties of medicinal herbs and classifies primary treatments, functions and toxic character. This is the earliest pharmacopoeia ever found in China.

5.中医在长期发展过程中，逐渐形成了一整套医学原则和观点。

During its long process of evolution , the TCM science has gradually developed, yielding a complete set of medical principles and concepts.

6.首先，中医认为“万物一和为贵”。中医将“救死扶伤”视为只要道德规范。

First, TCM believes that “ Nothing compares to a human life”. It regards “healing the sick and saving the dying” as its professional work ethics.

7.第二，中医注重无病防病，强大以食补板件来延缓衰老，减少疾病。

Second, TCM places emphasis on the early prevention of diseases, advocating the food treatment approach, that is, efforts should be focused on maintaining good halth through the intake of nourishing food to defer senility and reduce the risk of contracting diseases.

8.第三，中医理论认为，社会环境与自然环境相互作用、互为依存，人的身心也是一种相互作用、互为依存的关系。人

体是由各种器官和不同功能系统组成的有机整体。因此，中医师是通过了解人与自然、人与社会、人体与心理之间的关系，以及人体各部位之间的种种关系来诊断病人的疾病。

Third, the TCM theory argues that the relationship of social and natural environment, as well as the relationship of the human body and spirit, is one of mutual influence and interdependence; organs and different systems with various functions. Therefore, TCM doctors try to diagnose the patients?disease by finding out the relationships between humans and nature, between human and society, between the human body and psychology of humans, and among the various segments of the human body.

9.第四，中医认为，阴与阳存在与人体内，相互作用‘互为依存。根据中医的哲学观，阴阳两者对立制约、互跟互用、

消长平衡、相互转化。阴阳平衡是健康的要素，阴阳失衡会影响健康，导致疾病。因此，中医十分重视调节阴阳以保平衡。

Forth, the TCM science maintains that yin and yang, the two opposing and complementary principles in nature, exist in the human body, mutually functional and dependent. According to the philosophical view of TCM , the two aspects of yin and yang are mutually opposing and constraining , interdependent and mutually promoting, proportionally changing with the decrease of one resulting in, or form, the increase of the other, and mutually transformational. The balance of yin and yang is essential for the maintenance of good health. And if the balance is upset, health will be hurt and illness will develop. Therefore, TCM pays close attention to the effort of regulating yin and yang and maintaining an appreciate balance between the two.

10.最后，中医人体内的系列运动贯穿于人的一生，这种系列运动在西医叫做“新陈代谢”。如果这种运动受阻，就会出现

异常情况，人就会得病。这是中医关于疾病防治的一个指导思想。

Last but not least, TCM believes that a series of movements, called the superseding of the old by the new, or metabolism in westen medicine, exist within the human body throughout its life. If such movements are obstructed, abnormal circumstance will occur and people will fall ill. This is an important guiding concept of TCM regarding disease prevention and treatment.

11.在长期的时间和发展中，中医形成了一个以中草药为核心的完整独立的理论体系和疗效独特的临床治疗方法，除了中

草药外海包括针灸疗法、按摩推拿和气功疗法。

During its long practice and evolvement , TCM has developed a complete and independent theoretical system and unique and effective methods of clinical treatment centering on Chinese herbal medicine, supplemented by acupuncture and moxibustion, medical massage and qigong, that is, deep breathing exercise.

12.今天，中医以其独特的疗效和科学本质赢得了全世界的广泛赞誉。我国积极发展中医，鼓励中西医结合诊断和治疗。

目前，全世界各地约有2500家中医院，拥有一支50万多人的中医专业队伍。在中国100万家综合医院，大部分都设有中医部。此外，去昂还有100多家中医机构和研究中心。我相信，我国的中医研究前程似锦。

Today TCM has won worldwide acclaim owing to its unique effectiveness and scientific nature. China has also made energetic efforts to develop TCM, encouraging the combination of Chinese and western medicines in diagnosing and treatment. Today, China boasts 2 500 TCM hospitals across the country backed up by a team of more than 500 000 TCM professionals?. In addition, most of China?s one million general hospitals have CTM sections. On top of that, we have more than 100 TCM institutions and research centers. I?m convinced that TCM research in China has a promising future.

PRACTICE TEXT TWO

1. I am very happy to meet with so many scholars at this annual astrobiology conference in the beautiful city of San Francisco. I am also very happy that we will be discussing some of the big issue, like where we came from and whether we have companions beyond Earth. Here I?d like to share with you some of our recent discoveries.

我很高兴能在美丽的旧金山出席天体生物学年会，会见这么多的学者。我也很高兴我们能够探讨一些大问题，如我们人类来自何方？地区外有没有我们的同伴？在这里我原向各位介绍一下我们的一些最新发现。

2. As regards the origin of life on Earth, the atmosphere contained nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases but no oxygen. Consequently, the sun?s rays prevented life from developing on land. That explained why the first living organisms developed only under the sea. Under the influence of photosynthesis, the oxygen in the atmosphere increased and life expanded. Complex living organisms developed. As the oxygen in the atmosphere increased, life, which depends on the equilibrium of the atmosphere, was possible on the surface of the earth.

关于地球上生命的起源，我们过去一直认为，在地球出现生命的初始期，大气充满了氮、氢以及其它一些气体，但没有氧气。其结果是，太阳光照使生命无法在陆地上生长。这就是为什么最初的生物体只出现在海洋中的缘故。在光合作用的影响下，大气中的氧气增加了，生命因而得以发展，于是便出现了复杂生物体。随着大气中氧气的增加，依赖大气平衡而生存的生命便出现在地球的表面。

3. Recently, we have come to with a very different hypothesis. We believe that hundreds of millions pf years ago, a meteor crashed into the then lifeless planet. Embedded in the meteor were carbon compounds that were to become the seeds of all life on Earth. Our current hypothesis is that there was a seeding from elsewhere. Let?s say a meteor that had originated in Mars landed in the Antarctic, and it contained evidence of life.

最近我们提出了一个不同的假设。我们认为数亿年钱，一颗流星撞击了这颗当时还没有生命的行星。埋植在这颗行星内部的碳化合物以后则成了地球万物生命的种子。我们目前的假设是，地球上的生命源自于地球外。我们可以这样设想，来自火星的一颗含有生命物质流星坠落到南极洲。

4. We often ask why we are here, how life started, and if we are alone in the universe. These fundamental questions are often addressed by religion and by our sense of aesthetics, by spiritual feelings, feelings of values. But I think science can contribute to the best answers to these questions. In general, scientists are responsible to inform the public, to find out what that want, and to answer the questions that the public wants to know about nature.

我们常常问自己，我们为何会在这里？生命是如何开始的？我们是不是宇宙中的独行侠呢？我们往往从宗教、审美观、精神世界、价值观等角度来谈论这些最基本的问题。而我认为，科学可以为这些问题提供最好的答案。一般来说，可相互加有责任向大家提供信息，有责任了解大众的要求，有责任解答大众想了解的有关大自然的问题。

5. Lat month, we observed the Leonid meteor showers, which occur in every November when Earth passes through the debris shed by the comet Tempel-Tuttle. We were aboard two U.S. Air Force crafts that flew at night from the United Kingdoms to Israel, then back through the Azores to Florida. The path allowed us to observe the meteor----some no bigger than a grain of sand----from an altitude of 11-and a-half kilometers. Images of the meteor were fed through infrared spectrographs---instruments that can detect the unique chemical fingerprints of complex organic molecules of the type that may have “seeded” life on Earth. Our spectrographic instruments caught a meteor” in the act” of disseminating organic molecules.

上上个月我们观察了狮子座流星雨的现象，狮子座流星雨出现在每年的11月，地球在这时会穿越坦普尔---托特彗星的碎片群。我们乘坐两家美国空军的飞机，晚上从英国飞往以色列，然后经过亚速尔群岛，飞往福罗里达州。这条航线使我们能够从11 500米的高度观察流星雨，有些流星微小如沙。流星颗粒被摄入红外线摄谱仪能够探测到那种可能在地球上“播种”出生命的复杂有机分子的独特化学痕迹。我们的摄谱仪捕捉到一颗正在播撒有机分子的流星的“播种行为”。

6. We have a list of perhaps 100 carbon-containing compounds that have been identified. These are the building blocks of life. We use the term “periodic life” to describe them. So that is a major interest of astrobiology---to search for the chemicals that exist in the universe outside of Earth that could lead to life, probably in some sort of continuous process.

已被我们鉴别出的含碳化合物有100种，这些是生命的基石。我们把这些物质称之为“前生物生命”。这就是天体生物学的主要有趣之处，即寻找存在于地球以外的宇宙中可以导致生命的化学物质，这种物质可能在不停地孕育着生命。

7. We may ask ourselves if we are ready, psychologically, to accept the possibility of life elsewhere. We must reorganized that what we?re doing is simply part of the trend that began with Copernicus and Galileo, who first showed us that Earth is not the center of the universe. That, and later discoveries that our galaxy is one of billions---with countless possibilities for life --- indicates that we …re part of something truly grand, in every sense of that word.

我们可以自问，我们是否已经做好了心里准备，介绍地球以外存在生命的可能性。我们必须认识到，面前我们正在做的不过是认识转变趋势的一部分，这个认识转变趋势起源于哥白尼和伽利略，当初哥白尼和伽利略曾告诉我们地球不是宇宙的中心。哥白尼和伽利略他妈的发现，以及后来我们的这个银河系在宇宙中达数十亿年之多，生命的可能性难以计数，这些都表明我们人类只是某个巨大系统的一个组成部分，这的的确确是一个不折不扣的大系统。

PRACTICE PASSAGE ONE

汉译英：

2．几百年来，中国向全世界传播了其在5,000 年的历史长河中所积累的医

疗保健知识。

For hundreds of years China has spread across the globe its knowledge of traditional medicine and health care, acquired over 5,000 years of history.

3．今日中国的传统保健方法，如太极拳、气功和按摩等，正日益显示其重要性。

Today the traditional Chinese health preservation methods, such as Taijiquan boxing (or shadow boxing), static qigong breathing (controlled deep breathing exercise) and therapeutic massage, are gaining increasing importance.

4．中国人认为，太极是天地万物之根源。

We Chinese believe that taiji is the origin of all lives on earth.

5．太极分为阴阳二气，阴阳二气产生木、火、土、金、水者五行。

Taiji comprises yin and yang, two types of vital energy. The five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal and water derive from yin and yang.

6．五行代表着或作用于人体器官，即火对心，木对肝、土对脾、金对肺，水对肾。

The five elements correspond or affect, particular human organs. That is the element of the fire corresponds to the heart, the wood to the liver, the earth to the spleen and the stomach, the metal to the lung and the water to the kidney.

7．阴阳化合而生万物。

The combination of yin and yang gives birth to all lives on earth.

8．太极则代表了阴阳调和。

Taiji represents the harmonious state of balance between yin and yang.

9．根据《易经》记载，保持身心平衡是健康的要素。

According to ancient classic the Book of Changes, maintaining a balance between the mind and the body is vital for health. 10．中医药典《黄帝内经》开卷第一章提出了心神恬然以保气防病的理论。

The opening chapter of Huang Di's Canon of Internal Medicine, the encyclopedia of Chinese traditional medicine, introduces the theory of maintaining tranquility to ensure vital energy (which is produced in a spirit form inside the body) and prevent diseases. 11．这一理论已成为当今气功健身研究的基础理论。

This theory has become the theoretical framework for China's current qigong and health preservation studies.

12．太极拳、气功和按摩这健身三法，就是以《易经》、《黄帝内经》提出的理论为基础的。

The three health preservation methods, namely, shadowboxing, static qigong and therapeutic massage, are based on the theories outlined in the Book of Changes and Huang Di's Canon of Internal Medicine.

13．长期以来，世界只知道中国有指南针、火药、造纸和活字印刷四大发明。

For a long period, the rest of the world was only aware of China's four major inventions: the compass, gun-power, papermaking and movable-type printing.

14．几乎很少有人知道中国已发现了经络的存在。

Very few know about China's discovery of jingluo that exits in a human body.

15．经络是指人体内血气运行通路的主干与分支网络，针刺穴位散布其间。

Jingluo is a system of internal main and collateral channels, regarded as a net work of energy passages, along which acupuncture points are distributed.

16．北京经络研究中心通过现代科学方法，已经证实了经络的存在。

The existence of jingluo has been testified by using scientific methods at the Beijing jingluo research center.

17．经络的发现为《易经》和《黄帝内经》所提出的理论提供了有力的证据。

The discovery of the existence of jinluo provides strong support for the theories advanced in the classics of the Book of Changes and Huang Di's Canon of Internal Medicine.

18．今天世界各地学打太极拳、学做气功以及学习按摩的人越来越多。

There is an increasing number of people worldwide learning shadowboxing, static qigong breathing and therapeutic massage. 19．这些健身之法不仅对人体健康有效，而且对心脑健康、性功能健康以及减肥，都有很好的疗效。

These methods are effective not only in preserving physical health, but also in mental health care, sex health care and weight reduction.

PRACTICE PASSAGE TWO

英译汉：

1．My topic today is "The Car and Air Pollution".

我今天的话题是"轿车与空气污染"。

2．In particular, I want firstly to discuss the ways in which the car causes air pollution; and secondly, how we can control or reduce air pollution from the car.

具体说来，我想先讨论一下轿车引起空气污染的途径，然后我们如何控制和减少由轿车产生的空气污染。

3．First, then, how does the car cause air pollution?

首先，轿车如何导致空气污染？

4．What happens is that the car's internal combustion engine is a kind of chemical factory on a small scale.

桥车内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。

5．It uses a mixture of petrol and air, and this mixture explodes and burns, to produce the energy which propels the car.

内燃机所用的燃料是汽油和空气的混合物。汽油夹着空气，燃烧后产生驱车动力。

6．But while this is happening, many complicated chemical reactions are taking place.

但是许多复杂的化学反应也同时发生。

7．In particular, part of the petrol-air mixture is not completely burned up, and so the exhaust gases from the engine contain some very dangerous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and hydrocarbons.

具体而言，部分汽油空气混合物不能完全燃烧，并且发动机产生的废气包含着一些非常危险的化学物质，比如一氧化碳、氮氧化物、铅和碳氢化合物。

8．This is the situation, then, and it's going to get much worse, unless we do something about it.

这是一种情况，如果我们不对它采取某些措施，这种情况将会变得越来越糟糕。

9．So - let's focus our attention now on ways of controlling or reducing the amount of air pollution caused by the car.

因此，我们现在应把注意力放在控制或者减少由汽车产生的空气污染方法上来。

10．I want to mention five possibilities.

我想谈一下可以采用的 5 中措施：

11．First, we can discourage the use of cars.

首先，我们不鼓励使用轿车。

12．For example, we can put higher taxes on petrol and on cars themselves - especially the larger ones that use a lot of petrol.

例如，我们可以给汽油和轿车本身价更高的税- 特别是耗油量高的大型车。

13．Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transport both between and within urban areas.

第二，我们可以鼓励在城市内部和城市之间使用替代的交通工具。

14．For instance, we can make train and bus services cheaper and more convenient.

比如，我们可以使火车和巴士服务更加廉价和便利。

15．And we can build a mass transit system in large cities, particularly an underground railway system such as those in London, New York, Moscow and Tokyo.

我们可以在大城市建立公共交通系统，特别是像伦敦、纽约、莫斯哥和东京的地铁系统。

16．Next, we can use a different and cleaner fuel for the internal combustion engine with other designs.

接下来，我们可以让内燃机使用不同的更清洁的燃料。

17．There are several possibilities being researched at present, such as electric, gas turbine, and "steam" engines.

目前有几种正在研究中，比如电力引擎、燃气轮机、蒸汽机等。

18．However, each of these engine designs has its own disadvantages.

然而，这些引擎的设计自身都有弊端。

19．Last but not the least, we are trying to control the emissions from the internal combustion engine much more strictly.

最后，我们正在尝试更加严格地控制内燃机释放的气体。

20．This, for example, is a catalytic converter, which converts the most dangerous ingredients of the car exhaust into water and harmless gases.

比如，催化式排气净化器，它将汽车废气中最危险的成分转变成水和无害气体。

21．These are five possible ways, then, of controlling air pollution caused by cars.

以上是控制轿车空气污染的五个可行的方法。

22．As I'm sure you can see, there are problems with each of these ways; but at least they're a step in the right direction.

我相信你们都看到了，每一种方法都存在问题，但是至少它们都朝正确的方向跨出了一步。

23．Probable the best answer is a synthesis of all five.

也许最佳的答案是对五种方法采取兼收并蓄的态度。

PRACTICE PASSAGE FOUR

1.Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of qi —— an energy force that flows through

the body. Qi can be hindered or helped by yin and yang-opposing forces that, when balanced, work harmoniously together.

According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance-and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body.

中国传统医学认为，健康的体魄与气脉平衡有关。所谓“气”就是流动于体内的能量，其通畅与否由阴阳二气决定，当这两种相对立的气脉趋于平衡时，它们在一起就十分和谐。根据传统理论，针刺疗法的目的就在于使阴阳二气平衡从而加羁气脉的流动。其方法是将针刺入体内交错的主要脉络上的各穴位。

2. In China, acupuncture is used to alleviate postoperative pain. Medical experts believe that inserting needles into the body at

precise points can stimulate nerves that cause the brain to release its natural pain-killing chemicals. There is sufficient evidence in the literature that shows a positive effect between the technique of acupuncture itself-stimulating these acupuncture points in the skin-and the release of substances in the brain which we know to be associated with the relief of pain.

3. The U.S. National Institute of Health has endorsed acupuncture for treating certain types of nausea, vomiting and pain, such as the nausea sort of sickness that a patient suffers when given an anesthetic for surgery, or treated with chemotherapy, or the vomiting or nausea that accompanies pregnancy, or post-operative dental pain. We have come to the very clear-cut sort of decision that treatment under these circumstances really works.

4. Our principal concern in evaluating acupuncture's effectiveness has been the so-called Placebo effect —— the possibility that beneficial outcomes derive not from the treatment itself, but from the patient's belief that it works.

5. We got around the problem by measuring brain chemistry during acupuncture. Drugs were administered to block the brain's natural opiates while the patient was undergoing needle stimulation. As a result of the opiate blockage, the acupuncture had no effect in stopping pain —— proving that there's physiological mechanism to acupuncture that goes beyond mere belief.

6. Acupuncture is widely employed in easing cravings and withdrawal pains of heroin addicts. 40% of the drug courts in the United States use acupuncture as part of their therapy. In the Miami system alone there are close to four hundred treatments per day.

针刺疗法被广泛用于缓解海洛因吸毒者的吸毒欲望以及戒毒带来的痛苦。在美国，40％的戒毒所将针刺疗法用作治疗的组成部分。仅仅在迈阿密地区，每天就有近400 项治疗使用针刺疗法。在有些国家，如瑞典，医生用针刺疗法成功地治疗了中风。那些同时接受针疗和理疗的中风病人与仅接受理疗的中风病人相比，前者的疗效远比后者好得多。//

7. In some countries, such as Sweden, the doctors have achieved success with acupuncture in treating the effects of stroke. Those stroke patients getting acupuncture along with physical therapy did a lot better than those getting physical therapy alone.

8. Those differences are significant for walking and balance activities of daily living and quality of life at various times-three months, six months and twelve months. And I think, most importantly perhaps, there was a savings of 26 thousand dollars per acupuncture patient because they had reduced stays in rehabilitation facilities.

9.Studies show that one of the key benefits of acupuncture that seems to be emerging from various studies is that it has few, if any, side effects；and that when used with standard drug treatment-in anesthesia, for example-it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects.

1. 野生大熊猫的数目已不足1000只,大熊猫濒临绝迹。拯救国宝大熊猫已成为中国人民的共同心愿。

2. 最近我们将大熊猫体细胞的一个细胞核植入一个兔子的去核卵子里，培育出一个大熊猫胚胎。现在我们将精力集中在克隆大熊猫的第二步上，即把胚胎植入另一只动物的子宫里生长。

3. 自从20世纪90年代依赖，我们用人工受精的方法增加大熊猫的数量。也就是说，我们通过注入性激素控制母本的体温和排卵期以得到卵子，然后让父本的精子与母本的卵子结合，培育新的生命。在过去的6年中，我们用这种方法已经繁殖出6对双胞胎和7个单胞胎。

高级口译教程

《高级口译教程》核心词汇（1） 第一篇 学位点 degree program 国家级重点社科研究基地 key social science research centers 博士后科学研究流动站 post-doctoral research stations 国家级重点学科 national key disciplines 两院院士 academicians of the Chinese academy of science and the Chinese academy of engineering 网络教育 online education 科举制 imperial examination 日月光华，旦复旦兮 brilliant are the sunlight and the moonlight after night the day dawns again 人文精神 humanistic spirit 披荆斩棘，筚路蓝缕 negotiate various impediment 博学而笃志，切问而近思 extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with close examination 治学态度 educational philosophy 取精用弘的学术思想 the academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest 怀抱超旷的才隽学人 graduates with brilliant scholarship 高等教育发展的重中之重 priority among institutions of high learning 承前启后 inherit fine tradition and usher in the future mission 精诚团结，共襄盛举 strive together in good faith 文理工医科综合性大学 a comprehensive university with a complete range disciplines in liberal arts, science, engineering and medicine 全面提升知名度和影响力 elevate influence and visibility in all dimensions 社会转型时期 a period of social transition 百年传承之名校 a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem 第二篇 Vancouver 温哥华 Canada’s gateway to the pacific 加拿大通往太平洋的门户 The Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 Natural ice-free harbor 天然不冻港 Manufactured goods 制成品

高级口译教程经典背诵版之礼仪演讲(转自普特

Mindy按TEXT PASSAGE ONE 汉译英： 1．副总统阁下，威廉斯夫人：贵宾们：女士们，先生们： Your Excellency Vice President and Mrs. Williams, Our distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: 2．我为能在此设宴招待威廉斯副总统和夫人以及其他贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快。 It is my privilege and great pleasure to host this banquet in honor of Vice President and Mrs. Williams and other distinguished guests. 3．愿借此机会向各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎。 I would avail myself this opportunity to extent my warm welcome to you all. 4．我的心情可以引用孔子在论语中的一句话来表示：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ A remark the Analects of Confucius best expressed what I feel now, ”It is suc h a delight that I have friends visiting from afar.” 5．显而易见，威廉斯副总统的这次访问表明了阁下愿意继续推进我们两国之间友好合作关系的决心。 Evidently, Vice President Williams’ current visit has demonstrated his Excellency’s determination to further enhance the friendly and cooperative relations between our two countries. 6．我深信，两国高层领导人之间的频繁互访，不仅有助于我们两国之间关系的改善，而且还有助于亚太地区，乃至整个世界的和平和稳定。 I am deeply convinced that frequent exchanges of visits between the top government officials of the two countries are beneficial not only to the improvement of our relationships, but also to the peace and stability in the Asi a- Pacific region and the world as a whole. 7．我们两国建交以来的这些年里，我们在政治、经济、贸易、文化、教育、科技、卫生等领域里进行了真诚的、卓有成效的合作。 Over the years since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship between our two countries, we have carried out sincere and rewarding cooperation in politic al, economic, trade, cultural, educational, scientific and technological, public health and other fields. 8．值得一提的是，自从我们两国总理互访以来，我们在近海石油勘探和汽车工业方面的合作进展神速。 In particular, our cooperation in off-shore and automobile industry have been advancing rapidly ever since the exchange of visit between your Prime Minister and our Premier. 9．我们对这些领域里取得的成就深感满意，并愿意与贵国政府和人民一起继续努力，将我们的合作关系推向一个新的高度。

自考金融理论与实务笔记12

自考金融理论与实务笔记12

第十二章通货膨胀与通货紧缩 第一节通货膨胀与通货紧缩的内涵和度量 识记： 通货膨胀一般表述为：由于货币供应过多，超过流通中对货币的客观需要量，而引起的货币贬值，物价上涨现象。西方的看法定诳为物价总水平的持续上涨。 通货紧缩：作为通货膨胀的对称，一种表述是由于货币供给放慢或负增长，引起物价持续下跌的现象。另一种表述是指物价疲软乃至下跌的态势。 通货膨胀与通货紧缩都是一种货币现象。通货膨胀反映的是社会总需求大于社会总供给。通货紧缩反映的是社会总需求小于社会总供给。 领会： 通货膨胀的度量标志？ 一般所用的物价指数主要有消费物价指数、批发物价指数、国民生产总值平减指数。 消费物价指数是选择具有代表性的若干消费品的零售价格以及水电等劳务费用价格编制的指数。 批发物价指数反映商业部门或批发商从生产厂家购买商品劳务所支付的价格的变动程度。 国民生产总值平减指数，是按当年价格计算国民生产总值与按不变价格计算的国民生产总值的比率。 多数经济学家倾向于主要用消费物价指数。 第二节通货膨胀的成因 识记： 需求拉上型通货膨胀：这是指在社会再生产过程中社会总需求过度增加，超过了既定价格水平下商品和劳务方面的供给，而引起货币贬值、物价总水平上涨。

成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下，由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 结构失调型通货膨胀：这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下，由于需求的组成发生结构性变化，相应导致物价总水平上涨。 领会： 需求拉上型通货膨胀特点与成因？ 需求拉上型通货膨胀：这是指在社会再生产过程中社会总需求过度增加，超过了既定价格水平下商品和劳务方面的供给，而引起货币贬值、物价总水平上涨。 在经济尚未达到充分就业时，如果货币供给量增加，从而社会总需求增加，促进商品供给增加，当经济充分就业，将不再能促进商品供给增加，而只会导致物价总水平上涨。 这里的社会需求包括投资需求和消费需求，而促成社会需求增加的因素，又常与财政支出过度扩张和信用膨胀相关。 成本推动型通货膨胀特点与成因？ 成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下，由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 造成生产成本提高有两方面力量，一是工会组织为了保证工人实际收入的增长不不降低，要求增加工资。二是一些垄断型企业大幅提高垄断商品价格，导致原材料成本上升。 结构失调型通货膨胀特点与成因？ 结构失调型通货膨胀：这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下，由于需求的组成发生结构性变化，相应导致物价总水平上涨。 需求增加的部门，产品价格和工资上涨；而需求减少的部门，由于工资和价格的刚性，其工资和商品价格并不随之而下跌，或跌幅很小，从而导致物价总水平上涨。 中国通货膨胀的成因？

高级口译教程经典背诵版之科技报告

高级口译教程经典背诵版之科技报告 TEXT PASSAGE ONE 英译汉： 1．My topic today is “The Car and Air Pollution”. 我今天的话题是“轿车与空气污染”。 2．In particular, I want firstly to discuss the ways in which the car causes air pollution; and secondly, how we can control or reduce air pollution from the car. 具体说来，我想先讨论一下轿车引起空气污染的途径，然后我们如何控制和减少由轿车产生的空气污染。 3．First, then, how does the car cause air pollution? 首先，轿车如何导致空气污染？ 4．What happens is that the car’s internal combustion engine is a kind of chemical factory on a small scale. 桥车内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。 5．It uses a mixture of petrol and air, and this mixture explodes and burns, to produce the energy which propels the car. 内燃机所用的燃料是汽油和空气的混合物。汽油夹着空气，燃烧后产生驱车动力。 6．But while this is happening, many complicated chemical reactions are taking place. 但是许多复杂的化学反应也同时发生。 7．In particular, part of the petrol-air mixture is not completely burned up, and so the exhaust gases from the engine contain some very dangerous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and hydrocarbons. 具体而言，部分汽油空气混合物不能完全燃烧，并且发动机产生的废气包含着一些非常危险的化学物质，比如一氧化碳、氮氧化物、铅和碳氢化合物。8．This is the situation, then, and it’s going to get much worse, unless we do something about it. 这是一种情况，如果我们不对它采取某些措施，这种情况将会变得越来越糟糕。9．So –let’s focus our attention now on ways of controlling or reducing the amount of air pollution caused by the car. 因此，我们现在应把注意力放在控制或者减少由汽车产生的空气污染方法上来。10．I want to mention five possibilities. 我想谈一下可以采用的 5 中措施： 11．First, we can discourage the use of cars. 首先，我们不鼓励使用轿车。 12．For example, we can put higher taxes on petrol and on cars themselves - especially the larger ones that use a lot of petrol. 例如，我们可以给汽油和轿车本身价更高的税 - 特别是耗油量高的大型车。

高级口译教程经典背诵版之国际关系

高级口译教程经典背诵版之国际关系 2011-02-14 TEXT PASSAGE ONE 英译汉： 1．The role of the United Nations has gained increasing importance since the end of the Cold War. 冷战结束后的联合国起着越来越重要的作用。 2．The increasing prestige is due in part to the fact that the Security Council has escaped the paralysis which resulted from the US-Soviet rivalry during the Cold War, a period when the two superpowers used their veto rights against each other, thereby incapacitating the Security Council. 联合国地位的上升部分是因为安理会摆脱了冷战期间因美苏对抗而出现的瘫痪状态，当时两个超级大国各自使用自己的否决权来反对对方，致使安理会无法正常运作。 3．The West, just as the developing world, has discovered that it needs the United Nations to achieve its objectives. 西方世界同发展中国家一样也发现它需要联合国以达到自己的目的。 4．In addition, global problems, including the proliferation of nuclear weapons, rapidly expanding populations, the environment, drugs and refugees, call for the entire international community to pool their efforts to find solutions. 此外，包括核武器扩散、人口激增、环境污染、吸毒以及难民在内的全球性问题要求整个国际社会共同努力，携手寻求解决问题的方法。 5．However, the United Nations faces a series of tough issues. 然而，联合国面临着一系列棘手的问题。 6．First of all, how should the UN respect state sovereignty while dealing with an increasing number of internal conflicts? 首先，如何在着手解决日益增多的国家内部冲突的同时，又能尊重那些国家的主权呢？ 7． In many cases, regional organizations cannot resolve regional conflicts. 在许多情况下，区域组织不能解决区域冲突。 8．In the Cold War era, UN peace-keeping forces has two missions: to buffer conflicts and to implement agreements already reached between the parties. 在冷战期间，联合国维和部队有两大使命，即缓解冲突和贯彻有关各方之间达成的协议。 9．Now peace-keeping has turned into peace-enforcement. 现在维护和平已经变成了强制和平。 10．The United Nations has turned from handling international disputes

国际金融理论与实务笔记()

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1只绵羊= 15公斤茶叶 一定数量的其它商品 3.一般价值形式（一般等价形式）阶段 在这一阶段，所有商品的价值都表现在了一个作为一般等价物的商品身上，即：2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于一只绵羊。 4.货币形式阶段 在这一阶段，所有商品的价值都表现在了作为固定的一般等价物的金或银上，即：2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于1克黄金。 二、货币形式的演变 货币产生后，伴随着商品生产和商品交换的发展，货币形式经历了从商品货币到信用货币的演变过程。 1.商品货币 商品货币最大的特点就是其自身价值（凝结在商品货币身上的无差别的一般的人类劳动）与其作为货币所购买的那种商品的价值在量上相等。也就是足值性。 商品货币又包括两种形式：实物货币、金属货币 （1）实物货币 实物货币是指以自然界中存在的某种物品或人们生产的某种商品来充当货币。 实物货币自身存在一些不利于商品交换的弊端，体现在如下三个方面： 1）实物货币不易分割、（无法满足小额商品交换的需要）； 2）实物货币不易保管； 3）实物货币不便携带。 （2）金属货币 金属货币：金、银

高级口译教程经典背诵版之会议演讲

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