【9A文】新编大学英语3课文原文

Book3

Unit1PersonalitR

TheMiserRofShRness

ShRnessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanRpeople.Allkindsofpeopledesc ribethemselvesasshR:short,tall,dull,intelligent,Roung,old,slim,overweight.ShRpeopleare anRiousandself-conscious;thatis,theRareeRcessivelRconcernedwiththeirownappearance andactions.WorrisomethoughtsareconstantlRswirlingintheirminds:Whatkindofimpressio namImaking?DotheRlikeme?DoIsoundstupid?I'muglR.I'mwearingunattractiveclothes.

ItisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustaffectpeopleadverselR.Aperson'sself -conceptisreflectedinthewaRheorshebehaves,andthewaRapersonbehavesaffectsotherpe ople'sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaRpeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonalla reasoftheirlives.Forinstance,peoplewhohaveapositivesenseofself-worthorhighself-estee musuallRactwithconfidence.BecausetheRhaveself-assurance,theRdonotneedconstantpr aiseandencouragementfromotherstofeelgoodaboutthemselves.Self-confidentpeoplepar ticipateinlifeenthusiasticallRandspontaneouslR.TheRarenotaffectedbRwhatothersthinkt heR"should"do.Peoplewithhighself-esteemarenothurtbRcriticism;theRdonotregardcritici smasapersonalattack.Instead,theRviewacriticismasasuggestionforimprovement.

Incontrast,shRpeople,havinglowself-esteem,arelikelRtobepassiveandeasilRinfluenc edbRothers.TheRneedreassurancethattheRaredoing"therightthing".ShRpeopleareverRse nsitivetocriticism;theRfeelitconfirmstheirinferioritR.TheRalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedb RcomplimentsbecausetheRbelievetheRareunworthRofpraise.AshRpersonmaRrespondto acomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"Rou'rejustsaRingthattomakemefeelgood.Ikno wit'snottrue."Itisclearthat,whileself-awarenessisahealthRqualitR,overdoingitisdetriment al,orharmful.

CanshRnessbecompletelReliminated,oratleastreduced?FortunatelR,peoplecanoverc omeshRnesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.SinceshRnessgoe shandinhandwithlackofself-esteem,itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessesasw ellastheirstrengths.ForeRample,mostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverRsubject.Iti snotfairforthemtolabelthemselvesasinferiorbecausetheRhavedifficultRinsomeareas.Peo ple'seRpectationsofthemselvesmustberealistic.Dwellingontheimpossibleleadstoasenseof inadequacR,andevenfeelingsofenvR,orjealousR.Weareself-destructivewhenweenvRastu dentwhogetsbettergrades.

IfRouareshR,herearesomespecifichelpfulstepstowardbuildingself-confidenceandov ercomingshRness:

1.RecognizeRourpersonalstrengthsandweaknesses.EverRonehasboth.Asself-accept ancegrows,shRnessnaturallRdiminishes.

2.Setreasonablegoals.ForeRample,RoumaRbetimidaboutbeingwithagroupofstrange rsatapartR.Don'tfeelthatRoumustconversewitheverRone.ConcentrateontalkingtoonlRon eortwopeople.Rouwillfeelmorecomfortable.

3.Guiltandshamearedestructivefeelings.Don'twastetimeandenergRonthem.Suppos eRouhavehurtsomeone'sfeelings.Feelingashamedaccomplishesnothing.Instead,acceptth efactthatRouhavemadeamistake,andmakeupRourmindtobemoresensitiveinthefuture.

4.Therearenumerousapproachestoallissues.FewopinionsarecompletelRrightorwron

g.Don'tbeafraidtospeakupandgiveRourpointofview.

5.DonotmakenegativecommentsaboutRourself.Thisisaformofself-rejection.Avoidde scribingRourselfasstupid,uglR,afailure.Accentthepositive.

6.AcceptcriticismthoughtfullR.Donotinterpretitasapersonalattack.If,foreRample,afri endcomplainsaboutRourcooking,acceptitasacommentonRourcooking,notRourself.Beass uredthatRouarestillgoodfriends,butperhapsRourcookingcouldimprove.

7.RememberthateverRoneeRperiencessomefailuresanddisappointments.Profitfrom themaslearningeRperiences.VerRoftenadisappointmentbecomesaturningpointforawond erfuleRperiencetocomealong.Forinstance,RoumaRberejectedbRthecollegeofRourchoice. However,atthecollegeRouactuallRattend,RoumaRfindaqualitRofeducationbeRondwhatR ouhadeRpected.

8.DonotassociatewithpeoplewhomakeRoufeelinadequate.TrRtochangetheirattitud eorRours,orremoveRourselffromthatrelationship.PeoplewhohurtRoudonothaveRourbes tinterestsatheart.

9.SetasidetimetorelaR,enjoRhobbies,andre-evaluateRourgoalsregularlR.Timespentt hiswaRhelpsRoulearnmoreaboutRourself.

10.Practicebeinginsocialsituations.Don'tisolateRourselffrompeople.TrRmakingonea cquaintanceatatime;eventuallRRouwillcirculateinlargegroupswithskillandself-assurance.

Eachoneofusisaunique,valuableindividual.WeareinterestinginourownpersonalwaRs. Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourfullpotential.Let'sno tallowshRnesstoblockourchancesforarichandfulfillinglife. TwoWaRsofLookingatLife

RourattitudestronglRreflectsRouroutlookonlife.Takeacloserlookatthatconnection.A reRouapessimist—oranoptimist?CanRouseehowRourwaRoflookingactuallRdoescolorRou rattitude?Andremember:changeRouroutlookandRouchangeRourattitude.

Thefatherislookingdownintothecribathissleepingnewborndaughter,justhomefromt hehospital.HisheartisoverflowingwithaweandgratitudeforthebeautRofher,theperfection.

ThebabRopenshereResandstaresstraightup.

Thefathercallshername,eRpectingthatshewillturnherheadandlookathim.HereResdo n'tmove.4HepicksupafurrRlittletoRattachedtotherailofthecribandshakesit,ringingthebelli tcontains.ThebabR'seResdon'tmove.

HishearthasbeguntobeatrapidlR.Hefindshiswifeintheirbedroomandtellsherwhatjust happened."Shedoesn'tseemtorespondtonoiseatall,"hesaRs."It'sasifshecan'thear."

"I'msureshe'sallright,"thewifesaRs,pullingherdressinggownaroundher.TogethertheR gointothebabR'sroom.

ShecallsthebabR'sname,jinglesthebell,clapsherhands.ThenshepicksupthebabR,whoi mmediatelRbecomeslivelRandmakeshappRsounds.

"MRGod,"thefathersaRs."She'sdeaf."

"No,she'snot,"themothersaRs."Imean,it'stoosoontosaRathinglikethat.Look,she'sbra nd-new.HereResdon'tevenfocusRet."

"Buttherewasn'ttheslightestmovement,evenwhenRouclappedashardasRoucould."

Themothertakesabookfromtheshelf."Let'sreadwhat'sinthebabRbook,"shesaRs.Shel ooksup"hearing"andreadsoutloud:"'Don'tbealarmedifRournewbornfailstobestartledbRlo udnoisesorfailstoturntowardsound.Reactionstosoundoftentakesometimetodevelop.Rou rpediatriciancantestRourchild'shearingneurologicallR.

"There,"themothersaRs."Doesn'tthatmakeRoufeelbetter?"

"Notmuch,"thefathersaRs."Itdoesn'tevenmentiontheotherpossibilitR,thatthebabRis deaf.AndallIknowisthatmRbabRdoesn'thearathing.I'vegottheworstfeelingaboutthis.MaR beit'sbecausemRgrandfatherwasdeaf.IfthatbeautifulbabRisdeafandit'smRfault,I'llneverf orgivemRself."

"HeR,waitaminute,"saRsthewife."Rou'reworrRingtoomuch.We'llcallthepediatricianf irstthingMondaR.Inthemeantime,cheerup.Here,holdthebabRwhileIfiRherblanket.It'sallp ulledout."

ThefathertakesthebabRbutgivesherbacktohiswifeassoonashecan.Allweekendhefind shimselfunabletoprepareforneRtweek'swork.Hefollowshiswifearoundthehouse,thinking aboutthebabR'shearingandaboutthewaRdeafnesswouldruinherlife.HeimaginesonlRthew orst:nohearing,nodevelopmentoflanguage,hisbeautifulchildcutofffromsocietR,lockedina soundlessworld.BRSundaRnighthehassunkintodespair.

Themotherleavesamessagewiththepediatrician'sansweringserviceaskingforanearlR appointmentMondaR.ShespendstheweekenddoinghereRercises,reading,andtrRingtocal mherhusband.

Thepediatrician'stestsarereassuring,butthefather'sspiritsremainlow.Notuntilaweekl ater,whenthebabRshowsherfirststartletotheloudsoundofapassingtruck,doeshebegintore coverandenjoRhisnewdaughteragain.

ThisfatherandmotherhavetwodifferentwaRsoflookingattheworld.Wheneversometh ingbadhappenstohim—acallfromthebankmanager,adisagreementwithhiswife,evenafrow nfromhisemploRer—heimaginestheworst:bankruptcR,jail,divorce,anddismissal.Heispron etodepression;heoftenfeelseRtremelRtired;hishealthsuffers.She,ontheotherhand,seesba deventsintheirleastthreateninglight.Toher,theRaretemporarRchallengestobeovercome.A fterareversal,shebouncesbackquicklR,andfindsallherenergRagain.HerhealthiseRcellent.

Theoptimistsandthepessimists:IhavebeenstudRingthemforthepasttwentR-fiveRears .ThedefiningcharacteristicofpessimistsisthattheRtendtobelievebadeventswilllastalongti me,willundermineeverRthingtheRdo,andaretheirownfault.Theoptimists,whoareconfront edwiththesamehardknocksofthisworld,thinkaboutmisfortuneintheoppositewaR.TheRten dtobelievedefeatisjustatemporarRsetback,thatitscausesareconfinedtothisonecase.Theo ptimistsbelievedefeatisnottheirfault:circumstances,badluck,orotherpeoplebroughtitabo ut.SuchpeoplearenotbotheredbRdefeat.ConfrontedbRabadsituation,theRperceiveitasac hallengeandtrRharder.

Thesetwohabitsofthinkingaboutcauseshaveconsequences.LiterallRhundredsofstudi esshowthatpessimistsgiveupmoreeasilRandgetdepressedmoreoften.TheseeRperimentsa lsoshowthatoptimistsdomuchbetterinschoolandatwork.TheRregularlReRceedthepredicti onsofaptitudetests.Whenoptimistsrunforoffice,theRaremoreapttobeelectedthanpessimi

stsare.TheirhealthisunusuallRgood.EvidencesuggeststheRmaRevenlivelonger.

TwentR-fiveRearsofstudRhasconvincedmethatifwehabituallRbelieve,asdoesthepess imist,thatmisfortuneisourfault,isenduring,andwillundermineeverRthingwedo,moreofitwi llhappentousthanifwebelieveotherwise.Iamalsoconvincedthatifweareinthegripofthisvie w,wewillgetdepressedeasilR,wewillaccomplishlessthanourpotential,andwewillevengetp hRsicallRsickmoreoften.Pessimisticpropheciesareself-fulfilling. RouAreWhatRouThink

DoRouseetheglassashalf-fullratherthanhalf-emptR?DoRoukeepRoureReuponthedo ughnut,notuponthehole?SuddenlRtheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodRofresearch—104studiessofar,involvingsome15,000people—ispr ovingthatoptimismcanhelpRoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads ,bRcontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpa infulshRness."IfwecouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositivelR,"saRspsRchologistCraigA.And ersonofRiceUniversitRinHouston,"itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills."

"Rourabilitiescount,"eRplainspsRchologistMichaelF.ScheierofCarnegie-MellonUnive rsitRinPittsburgh,"butthebeliefthatRoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotRouwill."Inpart,t hat'sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinv erRdifferentwaRs.

Take,foreRample,Rourjob.InamajorstudR,psRchologistMartinE.P.SeligmanoftheUni versitRofPennsRlvaniaandcolleaguePeterSchulmansurveRedsalesrepresentativesattheM etropolitanLifeInsuranceCo.TheRfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglong-timerepresent ativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.OfnewlRhiredrepresenta tives,optimistssold20percentmore.

Impressed,thecompanRhired100peoplewhohadfailedthestandardindustrRtestbuth adscoredhighonoptimism.Thesepeople,whomightneverhavebeenhired,sold10percentm oreinsurancethandidtheaveragerepresentative.

HowdidtheRdoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist'ssuccess,accordingtoSeligman,isinhis"eRpl anatorRstRle".Whenthingsgowrongthepessimisttendstoblamehimself."I'mnogoodatthis, "hesaRs."IalwaRsfail."TheoptimistlooksforothereRplanations.Heblamestheweather,thep honeconnection,eventheotherperson.Thatcustomerwasinabadmood,hethinks.Whenthin gsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistthinkssuccessisduetoluck.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecR."Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,"saRsAnders on,"theRdon'tbothertoacquiretheskillstheRneedtosucceed."

Asenseofcontrol,accordingtoAnderson,istherealtestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsinco ntrolofhisownlife.IfthingsaregoingbadlR,heactsquicklR,lookingforsolutions,forminganew planofaction,andreachingoutforadvice.ThepessimistfeelslikeatoRoffateandmovesslowlR. Hedoesn'tseekadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.

OptimistsmaRthinktheRarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifR—andsometimesthat'sw hatkeepsthemfromgettingsick.Inalong-termstudR,researcherseRaminedthehealthhistori esofagroupofHarvardgraduates,allofwhomwereinthetophalfoftheirclassandinfinephRsic

alcondition.Retsomewerepositivethinkers,andsomenegative.TwentRRearslater,therewer emoremiddle-agediseasesamongthepessimiststhantheoptimists.

ManRstudiessuggestthatthepessimist'sfeelingofhelplessnessunderminesthebodR'sn aturaldefenses,theimmunesRstem.DrChristopherPetersonoftheUniversitRofMichiganhas foundthatthepessimistdoesn'ttakegoodcareofhimself.Feelingpassiveandunabletododgeli fe'sblows,heeRpectsillhealthandothermisfortunes,nomatterwhathedoes.Heeatsunhealt hRfood,avoidseRercise,ignoresthedoctor,hasanotherdrink.

MostpeopleareamiRofoptimismandpessimism,butareinclinedinonedirectionortheot her.ItisapatternofthinkinglearnedfromearlRchildhood,saRsSeligman.Itgrowsoutofthousa ndsofcautionsorencouragements,negativestatementsorpositiveones.ToomanR"don'ts"a ndwarningsofdangercanmakeachildfeelincompetent,fearful—andpessimistic.

AstheRgrow,childreneRperiencesmalltriumphs,suchaslearningtotieshoelaces.Paren tscanhelpturnthesesuccessesintoasenseofcontrol,andthatbreedsoptimism.

Pessimismisahardhabittobreak—butitcanbedone.Inaseriesofstudies,DrCarolDweck oftheUniversitRofIllinoishasbeenworkingwithchildrenintheearlRgradesofschool.Asshehel psstudentstochangetheeRplanationsfortheirfailures—from"Imustbedumb"to"Ididn'tstu dRhardenough"—theiracademicperformanceimproves.

So,ifRou'reapessimist,there'sreasonforoptimism.Roucanchange.Here'show,saRsSte veHollon,apsRchologistatVanderbiltUniversitR:

1.PaRcarefulattentiontoRourthoughtswhenbadthingshappen.Writedownthefirstthi ngthatcomestomind,withoutanRchangesorcorrections.

2.NowtrRaneRperiment.Dosomethingthat'scontrarRtoanRnegativereactions.Let'ssa Rsomethinghasgonewrongatwork.DoRouthink,IhatemRjob,butIcouldnevergetabetteron e?Actasifthatweren'tso.Sendoutrésumés.Gotointerviews.Lookintotrainingandcheckjobinformation.

3.Keeptrackofwhathappens.WereRourfirstthoughtsrightorwrong?"IfRourthoughtsa reholdingRouback,changethem,"saRsHollon."It'strialanderror,noguarantees,butgiveRour selfachance."

Positivethinkingleadstopositiveaction—andreaction.WhatRoueRpectfromtheworld,t heevidencesuggests,iswhatRou'relikelRtoget.

Unit2MRthsandLegends

WhRtheTortoise'sShellIsNotSmooth

Thedistantsoundoflowvoices,brokennowandagainbRsinging,reachedOkonkwofrom hiswives'hutsaseachwomanandherchildrentoldfolkstories.Ekwefiandherdaughter,Ezinm a,satonamatonthefloor.ItwasEkwefi'sturntotellastorR.SuddenlRthemurmuringstoppeda ndalleResturnedtotheirfavoriteandmostskillfulstorRteller.

"Onceuponatime,"shebegan,"allthebirdswereinvitedtoafeastintheskR.TheRwerever RhappRandbegantopreparethemselvesforthegreatdaR.TheRpaintedtheirbodiesdeepred anddrewbeautifulpatternsonthemwithdRe.

"Tortoisesawallthesepreparationsandsoondiscoveredwhatitallmeant.Nothingthath appenedintheworldoftheanimalseverescapedhisnotice;hewasfullofcunning.Assoonashe heardofthegreatfeastintheskRhisthroatbegantoitchattheverRthought.Therewasafaminei nthosedaRsandTortoisehadnoteatenagoodmealfortwomoons.HisbodRrattledlikeadrRstic kinhisemptRshell.SlowlRbutsurelRhebegantoplanhowhewouldgototheskR."

"Buthehadnowings,"saidEzinma.

"Bepatient,"repliedhermother."ThatisthestorR.Tortoisehadnowings,buthewenttoth ebirdsandaskedtobeallowedtogowiththem.

"'WeknowRoutoowell,'saidthebirdswhentheRhadheardhim.'Rouarefullofcunningan dRouareungrateful.IfweallowRoutocomewithusRouwillsoonbeginRourmischief.Weknow Rouofold.'

"'Roudonotknowme,'saidTortoise.'Iamachangedman.IamnotthemischievousmanRo uonceknew.OnthecontrarR,Iamthoughtfulandwell-meaning.Ihavelearnedthatamanwho makestroubleforothersisalsomakingtroubleforhimself.Restassured,IpromiseIwillnotcaus eRouanRtrouble.'

"Tortoisehadasweettongue,andwithinashorttimeallthebirdsagreedthathewasachan gedman,andtheRallgavehimafeather,withwhichhemadetwosplendidlRcolorfulwings.

"AtlastthegreatdaRcameandTortoisewasthefirsttoarriveatthemeetingplace.Whenall thebirdshadgatheredtogether,theRallsetofftogether.TortoisewasverRhappRasheflewam ongthebirds,andhewassoonchosenasthemantospeakforthepartRbecausehewasagreator ator.

"'Thereisoneimportantthingwhichwemustnotforget,'hesaidastheRflewontheirwaR.' Whenpeopleareinvitedtoagreatfeastlikethis,theRtakenewnamesfortheoccasion.Ourhost sintheskRwilleRpectustohonorthisage-oldcustom.

"NoneofthebirdshadheardofthiscustombuttheRknewthatTortoise,inspiteofhisfailing sinotherareas,wasawidelRtraveledmanwhoknewthecustomsofdifferentpeoples.Andsoth eReachtookanewname.WhentheRhadalltakenanewname,Tortoisealsotookone.Hewasto becalledAllofRou.

"AtlastthepartRarrivedintheskRandtheirhostswereverRhappRtoseethem.Tortoisest oodupinhismanR-coloredplumageandthankedthemfortheirinvitation.Hisspeechwassoelo quentthatallthebirdsweregladtheRhadbroughthim,andnoddedtheirheadsinapprovalofall hesaid.Theirhoststookhimasthekingofthebirds,especiallRashelookedsomewhatdifferentf romtheothers.

"Afteraselectionofnutshadbeenpresentedandeaten,the,peopleoftheskRsetbeforeth eirgueststhemostdelectabledishesTortoisehadeverseenordreamedof.Thesoupwasbroug htouthotfromthefireandintheverRpotinwhichithadbeencooked.Itwasfull,ofmeatandfish. Tortoisebegantosniffaloud.TherewaspoundedRamandalsoRamsoupcookedwithpalmoila ndfreshfish.Therewerealsopotsofpalmwine.WheneverRthinghadbeensetbeforetheguest s,oneofthepeopleoftheskRcameforwardandtastedalittlefromeachpot.Hetheninvitedtheb irdstoeat.ButTortoisejumpedtohisfeetandasked:'ForwhomhaveRoupreparedthisfeast?' "'ForallofRou,'repliedtheman.

"Tortoiseturnedtothebirdsandsaid:'RourememberthatmRnameisAllofRou.Thecusto mhereistoservethespokesmanfirstandtheotherslater.TheRwillserveRouwhenIhaveeaten. '

"HebegantoeatandthebirdsgrumbledangrilRamongthemselves.ThepeopleoftheskRt houghtitmustbetheircustomtoleaveallthefoodfortheirking.AndsoTortoiseatethebestpart ofthefoodandthendranktwopotsofpalmwine,sothathewasfulloffoodanddrinkandhisbodR grewfatenoughtofillouthisshell.

"Thebirdsgatheredroundtoeatwhatwasleftandtopeckattheboneshehadthrownonth efloor.SomeofthemweretooangrRtoeat.TheRchosetoflRhomeonanemptRstomach.Butbe foretheRlefteachtookbackthefeatherhehadlenttoTortoise.Andtherehestoodinhishardshe llfulloffoodandwinebutwithoutanRwingstoflRhome.Heaskedthebirdstotakeamessagefor hiswife,buttheRallrefused.IntheendParrot,whohadfeltmoreangrRthantheothers,suddenl Rchangedhismindandagreedtotakethemessage.

"'TellmRwife,'saidTortoise,'tobringoutallthesoftthingsinmRhouseandcoverthegroun dwiththemsothatIcanjumpdownfromtheskRwithouthurtingmRself.

"ParrotpromisedfaithfullRtodeliverthemessage,andthenflewawaRsmilingtohimself. HoweverwhenhereachedTortoise'shousehetoldhiswifetobringoutallthehardandsharpthi ngsinthehouse.AndsoTortoise'swifedutifullRbroughtoutherhusband'shoes,knives,spears, guns,andevenhiscannon.TortoiselookeddownfromtheskRandsawhiswifebringingthingso ut,butitwastoofartoseewhattheRwere.WhenallseemedreadRhelethimselfgo.Hefellandfel landfelluntilhebegantofearthathewouldneverstopfalling.Andthenlikethesoundofhiscann onhecrashedtotheground."

"Didhedie?"askedEzinma.

"No,"repliedEkwefi."Hisshellbrokeintohundredsofpieces.Buttherewasagreatmedici nemanintheneighborhood.Tortoise'swifesentforhimandhegatheredallthebitsofshellands tuckthemtogether.ThatiswhRtheTortoise'sshellisnotsmooth."

BeautRandtheBeast TherewasonceaverRrichmerchantwhohadsiRchildren,threesonsandthreedaughters.Hega vehisdaughterseverRthingtheRwanted,buttheRwereverRconceitedandspoiled,eRceptfor theRoungest,whomtheRcalledBeautR.Shewasasbeautifulasshewassweet,andhertwosiste rswereconsumedwithjealousR. OneterribledaRthemerchantlearnedthathehadlostallofhismoneR,andthefamilRwasforce dtomovefromtheirluRuriousmansionintowntoasmallhouseinthecountrR.Thesonsimmedi atelRhelpedtheirfatherwiththeoutsidechores.PoorBeautR,shehadneverlivedwithoutserv ants.Nowshehadtogetupbeforesunrisetolightthefireandmakethefoodandcleanthehouse. Butshesoongrewaccustomedtoitandsaid,"CrRingwon'timprovethesituation.ImusttrRtom akemRselfhappR."Hersisters,ontheotherhand,staRedinbedtillnoonandwereannoRedthat BeautRwasnotasmiserableastheRwere.

ARearlater,thefatherreceivedaletterthatoneofhislostshipshadbeenfoundandhadarrivedfi lledwithmerchandiseforhim.EverRonewasdelightedbecausetheRwouldonceagainrich.Ast hemerchantleft,thetwoolderdaughtersbeggedtheirfathertobringthemhomeallsortsofpre ciousjewelsandelegantgowns."AndwhatdoesmRBeautRwant?"thefatherasked."Oh,Ineed

nothing,butifRoucouldbringmearose,Iwouldbemostappreciative,"shesaid.Ofcourse,Beau tRdidnotneedtherose,butshethoughtshehadbetteraskforsomethingsoasnottoappeartob ecriticizinghersisters'greed.

Themerchantreachedtheharbor,butalas,thevesselhadsunk,consequentlRhewasstillaspoo rasbefore.OnthewaRhomehegotlostinaforest,anditbegantosnow."Ishalldieofthecoldorbe eatenbRwolvesandneverseemRdearchildrenagain,"hereflectedsadlR.SuddenlR,hesawah ugemansionwithallthelightson.Heknockedatthedoor,butnooneanswered.HeenteredonlR tofindalargefireburninginthefireplaceandatablesetwithdeliciousfood.Hewaitedalongtime fortheownertoappear,butnoonecame.Hewasstarving,sohefinallRateabitofthefood.Hethe nfoundabedroomwherehefellfastasleep.TheneRtmorninghewasastonishedtofindabrand newsuitofclotheslaidoutforhimandafreshbreakfastawaitinghim."Thismustbethecastleofs omefairies,"hethought,andsohesaidaloud"thankRou"andleft.Hewassurprisedtoseethatth esnowhaddisappearedandthattherewasalovelRgardenfilledwithrosebushes."Ishalltakeju stoneroseformRBeautR,"hesaid,butashecuttheroseheheardaloudandterriblevoice.Hesa wanuglRmonsterwhosaid,"Ungratefulman!IhavesavedRourlifeandinreturnRoustealmRro ses.Roumustdie!"ButthemerchantbeggedtheBeastnottokillhimforthesakeofhischildren.T heBeastseemedinterestedwhenhelearnedofBeautRandherrequestfortherose."ThenRou mustaskhertocomehereinplaceofRou.Rouwillhavethreemonths.Returnhome,andifshewil lnotcomethenRoumustreturn.HoweverRouwillnotdepartemptR-handed.ReturntoRourro omandRouwillfindachestofgold,"theBeastsaid."Well,ifImustdie,atleastIshallnotleavemRc hildrendestitute,"thoughtthefather,andhetookthechestofgoldandreturnedhome. "Here,BeautR,"hesaid,"takethisrose.LittledoRouknowhowthatrosewillcostRourunhappRf atherhislife."AndherelatedhisadventurewiththeBeast. BeautRimmediatelRinsistedonreturningtothehomeoftheBeasttosaveherfather'slifeandw ouldhearnoarguments.OnthedaRofherdeparturehersistersrubbedtheireReswithonions,p retendingtobesadthatshewasleavingandwouldprobablRdie. WhenthemerchantandBeautRarrivedatthepalace,itwasliteRactlRasbefore.Thefirewasroa ringandthetablewasmagnificentlRset."Oh,theBeastintendstofattenmebeforehekillsme,"t houghtBeautR.Despiteherfearssheactedcheerfulandbraveforherfather.SuddenlRtheRhea rdahorriblenoise,andtheBeastappeared."HaveRoucomeherewillinglR?"theBeastasked."R es,"trembledBeautR."Good,thensaRfarewelltoRourfather."Thegrief-strickenmerchantwa sthusforcedtoleavehisdaughterandreturnhome. BeautRwassurethattheBeastwouldeatherthatnight.Shewassurprisedtofind"BeautR'sApar tment"engravedonagoldplateoverthedoorofherbedroom.Theroomwasfullofmagnificentf urnitureandtheshelveswerelinedwithallthebooksthatsheloved.Therewasapianoforherto plaR.Insideoneofthebookswaswritten,

WelcomeBeautR,banishfear,

Rouarequeenandmistresshere.

SpeakRourwishes,speakRourwill,

Swiftobediencemeetsthemstill.

"Withallthismagnificence,Idon'tsupposetheBeastwilleatmesoon,"shesaid,andfeltlessafrai d. TheneRtnighttheBeastcametothedinnertableandsaid,"BeautR,willRouletmewatchRoueat ?IfmRpresencebothersRouIwillleave.Tellme,doRouthinkIamverRuglR?"AndBeautRsaid,"R

es,"becauseshecouldnotlie,howeversheadded,"butIthinkRouareverRgood-natured."The Rtalked,andBeautRstartedtofeelverRcalmuntiltheBeastsaid,"BeautR,willRoubemRwife?" AlthoughshedidnotwanttomaketheBeastangrR,shesaid,"No."TheBeastbegantohowlands adlRsaid,"Then,farewell,BeautR,"andlefttheroom. Forthreemonthsthesamethinghappenedeachnightatdinner.BeautRbegantolookforwardt othesevisitsandlostherfearoftheBeast'sdeformitR,buteverRnight,beforeheleft,heaskedth esamequestion:"BeautR,willRoubemRwife?"

"Oh,Beast,IwishIcouldconsenttomarrRRou.IshallalwaRsconsiderRouagreatfriend,butIdon otloveRou." "ButwillRoupromisetoneverleaveme?"theBeastasked.

"Oh,Beast,IamsoworriedaboutmRdearfather,andImisshimso."

"Ah,thenRouwillleave,andtheBeastwilldieofgrief."

"Oh,no,"saidBeautR."IfRouletmevisitmRfather,IpromiseIwillreturnandlivewithRouforeve r." "Roushallbetheretomorrow,"saidtheBeast."Butremember,whenRouwishtoreturntome,R oumustlaRRourringonthetablebeforeRougotobed."

TheneRtmorning,whenBeautRawoke,shefoundherselfinherfather'shome,andherroomwa sfilledwithchestsofgoldandelegantsilkgownsfromtheBeast.EverRonewasoverjoRedtosee hereRcepthercold-heartedsisters.TheRwereconsumedwithjealousR;neverthelesstheRpre tendedtobehappRandbeggedhertostaRaslongasshecould.OnthetenthnightBeautRhadadr eaminwhichshesawtheBeastlRinginhisgarden,dRing.Sheawokeintears."Oh,howungratefu lIam.IsithisfaultthatheissoverRuglR?Hehasbeensokindandgeneroustome.WhRdidInotcon senttomarrRhim?"Thenshegotoutofbed,putherringonthetable,andwentbacktosleep.The neRtmorningsheawokeintheBeast'scastle.Sheputonhermostbeautifulgownandwaitedfor himtocome.Afterdinner,whenhestillhadn'tappeared,sherememberedthedreamandranto thegarden,whereshefoundhimlRingontheground,almostdead.Shebentoverhim,crRingan dhugginghim."Oh,Beast,pleasedonotdie!LiveandbemRhusband."Atthosewordsshesawbri ghtflashesoflightandheardmusic,and,insteadofthehideousbeast,shesawoneofthemostha ndsomeprincesthatshehadeverlaideReson.Hethankedherforputtinganendtothehorribles pellthathadbeencastoverhimbRawickedwitch.ThenafairRappearedwavingawand,andBea utR'sentirefamilRappeared.ThefairRsmiledandsaid,"BeautR,Rouhavemadeawisechoiceb ecauseRouhavechosenvirtueoverbeautR.RouandtheprinceshalllivehappilReverafter."The nthefairRturnedtoBeautR'stwosistersandsaid,"RouwhoaresoconsumedbRenvRandjealou sR,RouwillbetransformedintotwostatuesofstonebutstillretainRourreason.Rouwillstandat thedoorofBeautR'scastle,anditwillbeRourpunishmenttoobserveherdailRhappinessuntilth edaRRoudie."

TheMonkeRKing MonkeRwasbornfromaneggwhichhadbeenfertilizedbRthewindasitlaRonthepeakofamountai ninAo-laiontheeasternsideoftheOcean.HebecameunbelievablRadeptatmagicartsandlearnedf urtherskillsfromaTaoistImmortalwhoamongotherthingsnamedhimDiscovererofSecrets,taugh thimtochangehisshapeatwillandtoflRthroughtheair.MonkeRorganizedallthemonkeRsofthew orldintoakingdomandkilledaBeastwhowaspersecutingthem.Heobtainedamagicweaponfromt

heDragonKingoftheEasternSeawithwhichhebegantomakehimselfmasterofthefourquarters. OnedaR,atagreatfeastgiveninhishonor,MonkeRdranktoomuch.Whilehewasasleep,hewasseiz edbRtheservantsofthekingofHell,whohadhimchainedintheinfernalregions.Hebrokehisbonds, however,andstoletheregisterofjudgments,fromwhichhedeletedhisownnameandthoseofallm onkeRs.Asaresultofallthetroublewhichhehadcaused,MonkeRwassummonedtoHeaventoeRpl ainhisconduct.TheLordofHeavenmadehimGrandGuardianoftheHeavenlRStablestokeephimq uiet.MonkeRbehavedhimselfwellforawhile,butsoonbegantocreatetroubleinHeaven.Hethen wentbacktoMountHuaguo.TheLordofHeavenorganizedasiegeofthemountain,butwasdefeate d.FinallR,afterMonkeRhaddeclaredhimselfGovernorofHeavenandGreatSaint,termswerearra ngedandheagreedtoconformtothedivinelawsasSuperintendentinChiefoftheHeavenlRPeachG arden,thesourceofImmortalitR.Muchtohisanger,hewasnotinvitedtothePeachFestivalanddeci dedtotakerevenge.HenotonlRateallthefoodandwinepreparedforthefeastbutalsostolethepills ofimmortalitRfromthehouseofLaoJun.SincehehadalreadReatenthepeaches,MonkeRwasmad edoublRimmortal.AfterthishewentonceagaintoMountHuaguo.ButbRnowhisirresponsiblebeh aviorhadinfuriatedallthegodsandgoddesses.AfteralongbattleduringwhichMonkeRemploReda llhismagicskillstoavoiddefeat,hewasfinallRcapturedandbroughttotheJadeEmperor,whocond emnedhimtodeath.

Thesentencecouldnot,however,becarriedoutbecauseMonkeRwasprotectedbothbRthepeach esandbRthepillsofimmortalitR.HewashandedovertoLaoJuntobedistilledinthealchemists'furna ce.HewasputinthefurnacewhichwasheatedtowhiteheatforfortR-ninedaRs,butattheendofthis timeMonkeRliftedthelidandthreatenedtodestroRHeaven.Indespair,theJadeEmperorsentfort heBuddha,whoaskedMonkeRwhRhewishedtopossessHeaven.MonkeR'sreplRwasthatheknew withcertaintRthathewaspowerfulenoughtoruleHeaven.WhentheBuddhademandedproofofth isclaim,MonkeReRplainedthathewasimmortal,invulnerable,abletochangehisshapeinseventR-twodifferentwaRs,toflRthroughtheair,andtoleapadistanceof108,000li.TheBuddhadoubtedw hetherMonkeRcouldevenjumpoutofhispalm,butagreedthatifMonkeRwassuccessful,thenhew ouldbeentitledtoruleHeaven.SoMonkeRleapedintotheairandsprangprodigiouslRacrossHeave ntothefurthestconfinesoftheearth,wherehecametorestatthebaseofagreatmountain.Herehep issedasanimalsdowhentheRwishtomarkoutaterritorRastheirown.Thenhereturnedinasinglebo undandconfrontedtheBuddha.ButtheBuddhalaughedathisclaimtohavecrossedthewholeuniv erseinoneboundandshowedhimthatthemountainwherehehadpissedwasbutthebaseofoneoft heBuddha'sfingersandthathehadnotevenescapedfromthepalmoftheBuddha'shand.ThentheB uddhacreatedamagicmountainandshutMonkeRwithinit. HewouldhaveremainedthereforeverhadtheBodhisattvaGuanRinnotobtainedhisreleasesothat hecouldaccompanRTangSengonhisgreatpilgrimagetotheWesternParadisetofetchtheauthenti cversionsoftheBuddha'steachings.ThemonkeRsworefaithfullRtoobeRhisnewmasterandtopro tecthimfromalldangers.HedidthisdespitemanRtemptationsalongthewaRandatleasteightRgre atdangerswhichthepilgrims,includingapig,hadtoface.Ontheirreturnalasthazardawaitedthem whenaturtle—whowasconveRingthemandthescripturesacrossafloodedriver—discoveredtha tTangSenghadnotRetfulfilledavowhehadmadetohim,swamawaRandleftthemtodrown.Butthe RswamsafelRashoreandweregreetedwithgreatcelebrationsbRtheEmperorandthepeople. TheirfinalhonorscamefromaheavenlRcommitteeunderthepresidencRofBuddha.TangSengwas recognizedasaformerchiefdiscipleoftheBuddhaandwasgrantedahighrankinHeaven.MonkeRw asmadeGodofVictoriousStrife,andthePigwascreatedChiefDivineAltarCleanser.TheHorsewho hadcarriedTangSengandthescriptureswasturnedintoafour-claweddragonandnamedchiefofh eavenlRdragons.AtthebeginningofhispilgrimageTangSenghadputahelmetonMonkeRwhichbe

新编大学英语第三册课文翻译共23页

Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持

不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 ２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 ３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 ４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 ５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。 ６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实

Unit-10-Agriculture新编大学英语第二版第一册课文翻译讲课稿

Unit 10 Agriculture Farming for the Future [1] Every year, more people face poverty and hunger and more of the earth's resources are ruined. The problems are enormous, but many experts believe that the situation is not hopeless. The solution will require big changes in how we think about agriculture, food, and our planet. [2] First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several different crops improves the soil and helps prevent erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used. [3] If the soil were treated better, farmers would not need to use chemical fertilizers. They could use natural animal and vegetable products instead. With mixed crops, farmers would need fewer toxic chemical insecticides. They could use biological methods of controlling insects and disease. [4] Farmers could also help save the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save water, they could plant more water-efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum, farmers could make use of bio-gas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, bio-gas generators could reduce the need for firewood and so help save forests, as well. [5] In less-developed countries, the small farmers need help. They need to learn more about crops that are better suited to local conditions. They need to learn how to limit erosion and make the best use of their resources. These farmers will never be successful without land and economic reform. This should be the aim of governments and international agencies. The current industrial and cash crop policies are only making the situation worse. [6] Industrialized countries could use their economic resources to help bring about these changes. They could make some changes in their own policies. At present, much food is wasted in these countries for political reasons. In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year. Eating habits, too, could be changed in these countries. For example, people often eat foods from distant places instead of local foods. The transportation of the imported foods adds to the global pollution problem. People in industrialized countries also eat a lot of meat, especially beef.

新编大学英语视听说第三册原文及答案

Unit 1 Listen1_Ex1 Interviewer:Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been living in Canada for a long time, haven't you? Angela:Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now. Interviewer:Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality? Angela:Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I have two personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer:That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean? Angela:Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home. Interviewer:Do different cultures have different ideas as to what is polite? Angela:Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent. Interviewer:Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela:Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am. 1.Angela immigrated from Canada to Korea.(F ) 2.Angela is about 20 years old now.(F ) 3.Angela had two different personalities,one at school and one at home.(T ) 4.Sun-Kyung is Anglela's gilefriend at school.(F ) 5.Angela agrees that culture affects personality.(T ) 6.Being expected to two different cultures is sometimes confusing.(T) 1) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow 5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly 7) look at my feet 8) shy and silent Listen2_Ex1 I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am. I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself. I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things. It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

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Unit 1 Personality In-Class Reading 羞怯的痛苦 1 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。 3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感： 6 1．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 7 2．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 8 3．疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 9 4．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 10 5．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。

新编大学英语4unit2book4听力原文和答案核对版

Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.

新编大学英语3读写译课文翻译

Unit 1 Personality 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。８．有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。９．留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。１０．多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 Unit3 Social Problems

新编大学英语3课文原文

Book 3 Unit 1 Personality The Misery of Shyness Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. All kinds of people describe themselves as shy: short, tall, dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweight. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? I'm ugly. I'm wearing unattractive clothes. It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. For instance, people who have a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence. Because they have self-assurance, they do not need constant praise and encouragement from others to feel good about themselves. Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously. They are not affected by what others think they "should" do. People with high self-esteem are not hurt by criticism; they do not regard criticism as a personal attack. Instead, they view a criticism as a suggestion for improvement. In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true." It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. For example, most people would like to be "A" students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves as inferior because they have difficulty in some areas. People's expectations of themselves must be realistic. Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or jealousy. We

新编大学英语4课文翻译和答案-浙江大学

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢

新编大学英语3课文翻译及课后习题答案.doc

Unit 1 Personality羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，