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英国文学总结

英国文学总结
英国文学总结

Lecture 1 Shakespeare

四大悲剧:Hamlet(哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗),King Lear(李尔王),Macbeth(麦克白) Romeo and Juliet(罗密欧与朱丽叶),The Merchant of Venice(威尼斯商人),Twelfth Night (第十二夜),Winter’s Tale(冬天的故事),The Tempest(暴风雨)

Hamlet:The play as a whole chiefly demonstrates the difficulty of knowing the truth about other people—their guilt or innocence, their motivations, their feelings, their relative states of sanity or insanity. He is extremely disappointed with his mother for marrying his uncle so quickly, and he repudiates Ophelia, a woman he once claimed to love, in the harshest terms. His words often indicate his disgust with and distrust of women in general. At a number of points in the play, he contemplates his own death and even the option of suicide.

Lecture 2 John Milton

Paradise Lost(失乐园)Paradise Regained(复乐园)Samson Agonistes(力士参孙)一定程度上映照了自己的一生。Lycidas(利西达斯)

Milton believed that all poetry served a social, philosophical, and religious purpose. He thought that poetry should glorify God, promote religious values, enlighten readers, and help people to become better Christians.

The importance of remaining strong in one’s personal religious convictions, particularly in the face of widespread condemnation, is a major theme in the later Books of Paradise Lost.

?Of Man’s First Dis obedience, and the Fruit

Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal taste

Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,

With loss of Eden, till one greater Man

Restore us

In essence, Paradise Lost presents two moral paths that one can take after disobedience: the downward spiral of increasing sin and degradation, represented by Satan, and the road to redemption, represented by Adam and Eve.

Adam and Eve, on the other hand, decide to repent for their sins and seek forgiveness. Unlike Satan, Adam and Eve understand that their disobedience to God will be corrected through generations of toil on Earth. This path is obviously the correct one to take: obedience to God, even after repeated falls, can lead to humankind’s salvation.

Lecture 3 Daniel Defoe The First Spokesman for the Poor

The Review(评论杂志)The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe(鲁宾逊漂流记)Captain Singleton(辛格顿船长)Moll Flanders(摩尔弗兰德斯)A journal of the Plague Year(大疫年日记)Roxana(罗克萨娜)

Defoe has a deep concern for the poor and the unfortunate in his society. His later novels are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.

The book is a fictional autobiography of the title character—a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island , encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. During these years of isolation, Crusoe proves himself to be industrial, ingenious and resourceful as he forges his new life, often by sheer force of will.

Friday professes undying gratitude and loyalty。He typifies the Western intellectual tradition's conceit of the "noble savage"-

Jane Austen Sense and Sensibility(理智与情感)Pride and Prejudice(傲慢与偏见)Mansfield

Park(曼斯菲尔德庄园)Emma(爱玛)Northanger Abbey(诺桑觉寺)Persuasion(劝导)Pride and Prejudice described the clash between Elisabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman and an intelligent young woman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a rich aristocratic landowner. Their relationship starts from dislike, but Darcy becomes intrigued by her mind and spirit. At last they fall in love and are happily united. Austen had completed the early version of the story in 1797 under the title "First Impression".

Austen focused on middle-class provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted minor landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, in which marriage mainly determined women's social status.奥斯丁正通过对不同婚姻的描写表达自己对建立在互相理解和真诚爱情的基础上的婚姻的赞扬和对以门第财产和情欲为基础的婚姻的讽刺、在一定程度上这部小说也反映了当时英国妇女争取婚姻自主的愿望和理想。

Romantic Poets:

George Gordon Byron:Hours of Ldleness(闲散的时刻)Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage(恰尔德哈罗德游记)The Giaour(异教徒)The Bride of Abydos(阿比多斯的新娘)The Siege of Corinth(柯林斯之围)Manfred(曼弗雷德)Cain(该隐)Don Juan(唐璜)

She walks in Beauty

Percy Bysshe Shelley:Queen Mab(麦布女王)The Revolt of Islam(伊斯兰的反叛)Prometheus Unbound(解放了的普罗米修斯)The Cenci(钦契)悼念济慈的Adonais(阿多尼)Ode to the West Wind(西风颂)A Defence of Poetry(诗辩)

John Keats:Endymion(恩底弥翁)Isabella(伊莎贝拉)The Eve of Saint Agnes(圣阿格尼斯之夜)Hyperion(赫披里昂)Ode on a Grecian Urn(希腊古瓮颂)夜莺颂(Ode to a Nightingale(夜莺颂)Master of lyric ode

Many of the ideas and themes evident in Keats’s great odes are essentially Romantic concerns: the beauty of nature, the relation between imagination and creativity, the response of the passions to beauty and suffering, and the transience of human life in time .Keats was one of the most important figures of early nineteenth-century Romanticism, which celebrated the sanctity of emotion and imagination, and the beauty of the natural world.

Ode to a Nightingale :I cannot se what flowers are at my feet,Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs.

Lecture 5 Charlotte Bronte

Jane Eyre(简爱)Shirley(雪莉)Villette(维莱特)The Professor(教师)Conventional wisdom held that men and women had separate "spheres" and duties, with woman's sphere being the house, family, and self-sacrifice.

The two distinctive characteristics of her work are the closely observed factual details and the extravagant adventures of the spirit in a fantasy world. Her constant theme is the struggles of an orphan girl.

简爱:It records the experience of a fragile, friendless girl struggling in a hostile society, which could have reflected Charlotte’s own painful experience as governess(女教师)—a neutral vantage point from which to observe and describe the oppressive social ideas and practices of nineteenth-century Victorian society.

Jane possesses a sharp wit, a strength of will, and a capacity for love that differentiate her fundamentally from the general female characters of contemporary women.Charlotte was

among the first women novelists to claim equality between women and men in the right to declare their love. It is Jane who declares her love to Rochester before he makes his sentiments clear to her.

Jane searches, not just for romantic love, but also for a sense of being valued, of belonging.

Her fear of losing her autonomy motivates her refusal of Rochester’s marriage proposal. Jane believes that “marrying” Rochester while he remains legally tied to Bertha would mean rendering herself a mistress and sacrificing her own integrity for the sake of emotional gratification. Gender Relations:Jane struggles continually to achieve equality and to overcome oppression. In addition to class hierarchy, she must fight against patriarchal domination—against those who believe women to be inferior to men and try to treat them as such.Three central male figures threaten her desire for equality and dignity: Mr. Brocklehurst, Edward Rochester, and St. John Rivers. Each tries to keep Jane in a submissive position, where she is unable to express her own thoughts and feelings. In her quest for independence and self-knowledge, Jane must escape Brocklehurst, reject St. John, and come to Rochester only after ensuring that they may marry as equals.

Lecture 8 Charles Dickens

第一部长篇小说:The Posthumous Papers of Pickwick Club(匹克威克外传)Oliver Twist(雾都孤儿)The Old Curiosity Shop(老古玩店)Dombey and Son(董贝父子)David Copperfield (大卫科波菲尔)Bleak House(荒凉山庄) A Tale of Two Cities(双城记)Great Expecatations(远大前程) A Christmas Carol Nicholas Nickleby

Steeped in social criticism, Dickens’s writing provides a keen, sympathetic chronicle of the plight of the urban poor in nineteenth-century England.

In many of his novels,Dickens chronicles his protagonists’ attempts to fight their way out of such poverty and despair.

雾都孤儿:Throughout the novel, Dickens uses Oliver’s character to challenge the Victorian idea that paupers and criminals are already evil at birth, arguing instead that a corrupt environment is the source of vice. Oliver does not present a complex picture of a person torn between good and evil—instead, he is goodness incarnate.

This passage embodies an idea that a guilty conscience is its own punishment, worse than any that the law can assign.

双城记:With A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens asserts his belief in the possibility of resurrection and transformation, both on a personal level and on a societal level. Similarly, the text implies that the death of the old regime in France prepares the way for the beautiful and renewed Paris that Carton supposedly envisions from the guillotine. Although Carton spends most of the novel in a life of indolence and apathy, the supreme selflessness of his final act speaks to a human capacity for change.

Lecture 10 Thomas Hardy Storyteller of Universal Tragedies Desperate Remedies Under the Greenwood Tree(绿荫树下)A Pair of Blue Eyes(一双湛蓝的眼睛)Far from the Madding Crowd(远离尘嚣)Thomas Gray 诗里摘出的一句The Return of the Native(还乡)Mayor of the Casterbridge(卡斯特桥市长)主人公是现代版King Lear Tess of the D’Urbervilles(德伯家的苔丝)Jude the Obscure(无名的裘德)The Dynasts(列王)

The bulk of his fictional works, initially published as serials in magazines, were set in the

semi-fictional land of Wessex.and explored tragic characters struggling against their passions and social circumstances.

Hardy's poetry, first published in his fifties, has come to be as well regarded as his novels and has had a significant influence over modern English poetry, especially poets after the 1950s and 1960s cited Hardy as a major figure.

Hardy’s novels are known for the vivid description of the vicissitudes of people who live in an agricultural setting menaced by the forces of invading capitalism.

In Hardy’s early novels, the tone is always cheerful and idyllic. From The Return of the Native on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of his novels. The conflict between the traditional and the modern is brought to the center of the stage.

In Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Tess, a simple, innocent and faithful country girl, is at odds with the world of machines and evil man like Alec;She finally becomes a victim of the modern society. Intelligent, strikingly attractive, and distinguished by her deep moral sensitivity and passionate intensity, Tess is indisputably the central character of the novel that bears her name. But she is also more than a distinctive individual: Hardy makes her into somewhat of a mythic heroine

The narrator himself sometimes describes Tess as more than an individual woman, but as something closer to a mythical incarnation of womanhood. Tess’s story m ay thus be a “standard” story, representing a deeper and larger experience than that of a single individual.

In part, Tess represents the changing role 00of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century. she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.

Traditional and Advanced:Living at the turn of the century, Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the past and the modern. As some critics put it, he is intellectually advanced and emotionally traditional. In his Wessex novels, there is an apparent nostalgic touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life, which was gradually declining and disappearing as England marched into an industrial country. On the other hand, the immense impact of scientific discoveries and modern philosophic thoughts upon the man is quite obvious, too. Thepessimistic view predominates most of Hard y’s works and earns him a reputation as a naturalistic writer.

A Warrior against Convention:Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardy’s works, there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the irrational, hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions, conventions and morals which strangle the individual will and destroy human emotions and relationships.

A Great Painter of Nature:In Hardy’s hand, nature assumes the form of life and becomes a most powerful, forbidding force with its own life.

20th Century British Poets

T.S. Eliot

The Waste Land(荒原)Murder in the Cathedral(大教堂谋杀案)The Family Reunion(家庭团聚)The Hollow Man(空心人)Ash-Wednesday(圣灰星期三)Four Quartets(四重奏)The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

荒原:The poem is known for its obscure nature— between satire and prophecy; its abrupt changes of speaker, location, and time. Despite this, it has become a touchstone of modern literature, a

poetic counterpart to a novel published in the same year, James Joyce's Ulysses.

This is the way the world ends

?This is the way the world ends

?This is the way the world ends The Hollow Men

?Not with a bang but a whimper.

James Joyce

Dubliners(都柏林人)Ulysses(尤利西斯)A Portrait of Artist as a Young Ma n(一个青年艺术家的画像) Finnegans Wake(芬尼根的苏醒)

They are meant to be a naturalistic depiction of Irish middle-class life.

Virginia Woolf:The V oyage Out(出航)Night and Day(夜与日)Jacob’s Room(雅各布的房间)Mrs. Dalloway(达罗卫夫人)The Years(岁月)Between the Acts(幕间)

Modernist Novelists:

D.H. Lawrence:The White Peacock(白孔雀)Sons and Lovers(儿子与情人)The Rainbow (彩虹)Women in Love(恋爱中的女人)Kangaroo(袋鼠)The Plumed Serpent(羽蛇)Lady Chatterley’s Lover(查泰莱夫人的情人)

His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanizing effects of modernity and industrialization.

William Golding:Lord of the Flies(蝇王)The Inheritors(继承人)Free Fall(自由堕落) The Spire(塔尖)Darkness Visible(看得见的黑暗)

Emily Bronte:Wuthering Heights(呼啸山庄)

The novel teases the reader with the possibility that Heathcliff’s cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliff’s character t o contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel.

However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so strong and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book’s upper- and middle-class audience had about the working classes.

Catherine:Her actions are driven in part by her social ambitions, which initially are awakened during her first stay at the Lintons’, and which eventually compel her to marry Edgar. However, she is also motivated by impulses that prompt her to violate social conventions—to love Heathcliff, and stay on the moor.

Isabella Linton—Catherine’s sister-in-law and Heathcl iff’s wife, who was born in the same year that Catherine was—serves as Catherine’s foil.

The two women’s parallel positions allow us to see their differences with greater clarity. Catherine represents wild nature, in both her high, lively spirits and her occasional cruelty, whereas Isabella represents culture and civilization, both in her refinement and in her weakness.

英国文学作家及作品分析,语言学

英国文学作品与作家 一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1343~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 作品: ① 坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵 体) by middle English ②特罗勒斯与克丽西德 ③ 声誉之堂 ④公爵夫人之书 ⑤百鸟议会 二、William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚 1564~1616l playwright,poet 评价comments: Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literatur e

莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森(Ben Johnson)--他不属于一个时代,而是属于。(He was not of an age, but for all time.) 作品: ①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; He nry V ;Richard II;Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之 梦; 威尼斯商人 ③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛 罗; 李尔王; 麦克白 ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、Francis l Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626 Bacon’s quote 1、 knowledge is power 知识就是力量。 2、 Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to cor rupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果,是容易腐烂而难保持的,世上有许多美人,她们有过放荡的青春,却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 3、 Natural abilities are like natural plants, that n eed pruning by study; and studies themselves do give for

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。

英国文学复习总结

英国文学复习总结详解 Part one:Early and medieval English literature 1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------the national epic of the English people ,it is also the epic of the Anglo-Saxon.(P3) 2.The name of the terrible monster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3) 3.the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration(头韵),others are metaphor (暗喻)and understatement(保守陈述)(P5) 4The Norman Conquest (诺曼征服)marks the establishment of feudalism in England. (P6) 5.The romance(传奇文学)(P8) The most popular of literature in fedual England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The hero of the romance was the the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons. It was written for the noble class(贵族的文学) Romances falls into three cycles : “matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table),“matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers) “matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so for th) 6. William Langland威廉·朗兰------ Piers the Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11) 7.The ballads(民谣)(P17) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.It is a story told in song ,usually in 4-line stanzas [?st?nz?],with the second and fourth lines rhymed. It was written for common people(平民文学). The subjects of ballads are various in kind,as the struggle of young loves against their feudal-minded families,the conflict between love and wealth ,the cruelty of envy,the criticism of the civil war,and the matters of class struggle. The most famous ballads are the ballads of Robin Hood. 8.Geoffrey Chaucer’ Contributions <1>Father of English poetry in 14th century. Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse,especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet) to English poetry.(P26) <2>Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.(P26) <3>the founder of English realism(P23) The Prologue(序言)suppies a miniature of the English so ciety of Chaucer’s time <4>. he forerunner of humanisim (P24 倒数第二行) 9.Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”..(P20) 10.The Romaunt of the Rose(translated from Franch)《玫瑰传奇》 Troilus and Criseyde(adapted from the Italian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》 10. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟------The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 The tales of the Knight,the Pardoner(卖赎罪券者),the Nun’s Priest (尼姑的牧师),the Wife of Bath,together with the Prologue,are the best of the whole collection.(P24)(了解一下) Part two:The English renaissance

英国文学史分时期总结作家作品

英语文学史分时期总结作家作品 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three:King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599 (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets?poet.Th e first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey

(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

英国文学总结表

英国文学总结表

History of English Literature Historic al period Liter ary Perio d Repres entative writer s Representati ve works Signifi cance Old English (410-10 66) Anglo -Saxo n (poetr y) Beowulf The national epic of the English people. Mediev al Englan d (1066-1 400) (The Wars of Roses, Foundi ng of the Medi eval / Midd le Engli sh (poetr y, roma nce and balla Geoffre y Chauce r Canterbury Tales (masterpiece ), The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The parliament of fowls. The founder / father of English poetry, and the earliest forerunner of realism. The Arthurian legends: Sir Gawain and the

Tudor Dynasty ) d) Green Knight Robin Hood Ballads: Lytell Geste of Robin Hood《罗宾 汉英雄事迹 小唱》 The Pre- Elizabet han and Elizabet han Ages (1400-1 603) (The Reform ation and the Enclosu Renai ssanc e (Hum anism ) (Poet ry and dram a) Thomas More Utopia The forerunner of modern socialist thought. Edmun d Spenser The Faerie Queene (Spenserian stanza) He has great influences on all the later poets. Christo pher Marlow e Tamburlaine 《铁木耳转》 Dr. Faustus 《浮士德悲 剧》The Jew The greatest pioneer of English drama. He reformed the

英国美国文学作家及作品汇总

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