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新标准大学英语综合教程4课文原文

Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa

More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job. How tough should a parent be to galvanize通电，刺激them in these financially fraught 担心的，忧虑的times?

1 In July, you looked on as your handsome 21-year-old son, dressed in gown and mortarboard, proudly clutched his honors degree for his graduation photo. Those memories of forking out不情愿掏出thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party began to fade. Until now.

2 As the summer break comes to a close and students across the country prepare for the start of

a new term, you find that your graduate son is still spending his days slumped 掉落in front of the television, broken only by texting, Facebook and visits to the pub. This former scion幼芽of Generation Y has morphed改变overnight into a member of Generating Grunt. Will he ever get a job?

3. This is the scenario情节facing thousands of families. More than 650,000 students left university this summer and most in these financially testing times have no idea what to do next. Parents revert to回复nagging; Sons and daughters become rebels without a cause, aware that they need to get a job, but not sure how.

4. Jack Goodwin, from Middlesex, graduated with a 2:1 in politics from Nottingham this summer. He walked into the university careers service and straight back out again; there was a big queue. He lived with five other boys all of whom did the same. There was no pressure to find a job, even though most of the girls he knew had a clearer plan.

5. “I applied for a job as a political researcher, but got turned down,” he says. “they were paying ￡18,000, doesn?t buy you much more than a tin of beans after rent, but they wanted people with experience or master?s degrees. Then I applied for the Civil Service fast stream. I passed the exam, but at the interviews they accused me of being …too detached” and talking in language that was …too technocratic?, which I didn?t think possible, bu t obviously it is.”

6. Since then he has spent the summer “hiding”. He can recount several episodes of Traffic Cops and has seen more daytime television than is healthy. He talks to his friends about his aimless days and finds that most are in the same boat. One has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents. For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. So how about working behindthe bar, to pay for those drinks? “I don?t want to do bar work. I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university, where I worked really hard to get a good degree,” he says. “Now I?m back at the same stage as those friends who didn?t go to uni at all, who are pulling pints and doing dead-end jobs. I feel that I?ve come full ci rcle.”

7. Jacqueling Goodwin, his mother, defends him. She insists that he has tried to get a job, but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed. “I have always had to work,” she says. “It?s difficult because when you have a degree, it opens new doors for you, or you?d like to think that it does.”

8. Although she is taking a soft line with her son at the moment, she is clear that after an upcoming three-week trip to South America, his holiday from work will have to end. He may even have to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.

9. “They?ve got to grow up at some point. We?ve finished paying for university, so a little bit of help back is good,” she says. “The South America trip is the cutoff point. When he comes back there?ll be Christmas work if nothing else.”

10. Gael Lindenfield, a psychotherapist and the author of the Emotional Healing Strategy, says that the Goodwin parents have struck exactly the right note. The transition from university to a job is tough for parents and children: Crucially they must balance being positive and understanding with not making life too comfortable for their offspring.

11 “the main job for the parents is to be there because if th ey start advising them what to do, that is when the conflict starts. If you have contacts, by all means use those,” she said. “

But a lot of parents get too soft. Put limits on how much money you give them, ask them to pay rent or contribute to the care of the house or the pets. Carry on life as normal and don?t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserves of emotional energy.”

12 paying for career consultations, train fares to interviews or books are good things; being too pushy is not. But while parents should be wary of becoming too soft, Lindenfield advises them to tread 踩sympathetically after a job setback for a few days or even weeks –depending on the scale of the knock. After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged推动firmly back into the saddle. 13 boys are more likely to get stuck at home. Lingenfield believes that men are often better at helping their sons, nephews, or friends? sons than are mothers and sisters. Men have a different way of handling setbacks than women, she says, so they need the male presence to talk it through.

14 as for bar work, she is a passionate advocate: it?s a great antidote解毒剂to graduate apathy 冷漠. It just depends on how you approach it. Lindenfield, who found her first job as an aerial photographic assistant through bar work, says it is a great networking opportunity and certainly more likely to get you a job than lounging in front of the TV.

15 “The same goes for shelf-stacking. You will be spotted if you?re good at it. If you?re bright and cheerful and are polite to the customers, you?ll soon get moved on. So think of it as an opportunity; people who are successful in the long run have often got shelf-stacking stories,” she says.

16 your son or daughter may not want to follow Hollywood stars such as Whoopi Goldberg into applying make-up to corpses尸体in a mortuary太平间, or guarding nuclear power plants like Bruce Wills, but even Brad Pitt had to stand outside El Pollo Loco restaurant chain in a giant chicken suit at one time in his life. None of them appears the poorer for these experiences.

Danger! Books may change your life

1 Like Lewis Carroll's Alice, who falls into a rabbit hole and discovers a mysterious wonderland, when we pick up a book we are about to enter a new world. We become observers of life from the point of view of a person older than ourselves, or through the eyes of a child. We may travel around the globe to countries or cultures we would never dream of visiting in real life. We'll have experiences which are new, sometimes disconcerting, maybe deeply attractive, possibly unpleasant or painful, but never less than liberating from the real world we come from.

2 The English poet William Cowper (1731–1800) said "Variety's the very spice of life, / that gives it all its flavour" although he neglected to say where or how we could find it. But we know he was right. We know we live in a world of variety and difference. We know that people live various different lives, spend their time in various different ways, have different jobs, believe in different things, have different opinions, different customs, and speak different languages. Normally, we don't know the extent of these differences, yet sometimes when something

unusual happens to make us notice, variety and difference appear more as a threat than an opportunity.

3 Reading books allows us to enjoy and celebrate this variety and difference in safety, and provides us with an opportunity to grow. To interact with other people's lives in the peace and quiet of our homes is a privilege which only reading fiction can afford us. We even understand, however fleetingly, that we have more in common with other readers of books in other cultures than we might do with the first person we meet when we step out of our front doors. We learn to look beyond our immediate surroundings to the horizon and a landscape far away from home.

4 If we ever question the truth of the power of reading books, we should take the trouble to go to our local library or bookshop, or even, if we're fortunate enough, to the books on our shelves at home. We should wonder at the striking vistas created by the titles of novels ranging from the classics to the most recent: The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, The Fourth Hand by John Irving, Cancer Ward by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway, Our Man in Havana by Graham Greene, The Time Traveller's Wife by Audrey Niffenegger or Salmon Fishing in the Yemen by Paul Torday. Then we should reflect on the other lives we'll meet once we begin to read.

5 Every book will have its own language and dialect, its own vocabulary and grammar. We may not always understand every word or sentence, but whether we're enchanted or whether we feel excluded, our emotions are nevertheless stimulated. Other people and other cultures are not always distant because of geography. In a book we may confront people who live in a different climate, have different religious beliefs, or come from a different ethnic group. Even our neighbours down the road may be strangers who we can only meet through books.

6 As soon as we are able to listen, books are supremely influential in the way we live. From the bedtime story read by a parent to their child all the way through to the sitting room lined with books in our adult homes, books define our lives. The English writer E. M. Forster (1879–1970) even hinted at a more mystical power which books possess over us. He wrote, "I suggest that the only books that influence us are those for which we are ready, and which have gone a little further down our particular path than we have gone ourselves." It's as if the right book comes to seek us out at the right moment, and offers itself to us—it's not us who seek out the book.

7 Thomas Merton (1915–1968), the American monk, priest and writer, was once asked a series of seven questions by a journalist: Name the last three books you have read, the three books you are reading now, the books you intend to read, the books that have influenced you, and why, a book that everyone should read, and why. For the books which had influenced him, he cited poetic works of William Blake, various plays by ancient Greek thinkers and writers, and a number of religious writings. When asked why they had influenced him, he replied, "These books and others like them have helped me to discover the real meaning of my life, and have made it possible for me to get out of the confusion and meaninglessness of an existence completely immersed in the needs and passivities fostered by a culture in which sales are everything."

8 So how would you answer the questions?

9 In 1947, Clifton Fadiman coined the term home-run book. When a baseball player hits a home run, he hits the ball so hard and so far he's able to run round the four bases of the diamond, and score points not only for himself but for the other runners already on a base. It's the most enjoyable and satisfying event in a baseball game. Likewise, a home-run book describes

not the child's first reading experience, but the first time they read a book which induces such pleasure and satisfaction that they can't put it down. For hundreds of millions of children around the world, the best known example of a home-run book will be the Harry Potter stories.

10 As adults, we're always looking for our own home-run books, not just for the first time, but time after time again. Whoever has read a novel in one sitting will always remember the pleasure and satisfaction which await us, and eagerly, insistently, sometimes even desperately seeks to reproduce the marvellous sensation again. We cannot withstand the hunger to visit another world, to meet different people, to live other lives and to reflect on ourselves.

11 Danger! Books may change your life. Such is the power of reading.

Unit 3 Fifty years of fashion

1 No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for women's skirts and dresses.

2 Denim, the material which jeans are made of, was known in France in the late 16th century, but it was Levi Strauss who saw that miners in the Californian gold rush in the mid-19th century needed strong trousers, which he reinforced with metal rivets. Blue denim jeans remained popular in the US as work clothes until the 1950s, but then became associated with youth, new ideas, rebellion and individuality. When Levi Strauss & Co began to export blue jeans to Europe and Asia in the late 1950s, they were bought and worn with huge enthusiasm by young people and recognized as a symbol of the young, informal American way of life.

3 Hemlines have a more peculiar significance during this period. It has often been noted that there is a precise correlation, with only a few exceptions, between the length of women's skirts and the economy. As the stock market rises, so do hemlines, and when it falls, so do they. Exactly why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a mystery. But the general trend is inescapable. Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled, both men and women tend to wear more conservative clothes.

4 Perhaps the most important development in fashion in the 1960s was the miniskirt, invented by the British designer Mary Quant. Because Quant worked in the heart of Swinging London, the miniskirt developed into a major international fashion. It was given greater respectability when the great French designer, Courrèges, developed it into an item of high fashion. But it would not have achieved such international currency without the development of tights, instead of stockings, because the rise in hemlines meant the stocking tops would be visible.

5 The hippie movement of the mid-1960s and early 1970s influenced the design of jeans, with the trouser leg developing a flared "bell-bottom" style. By the mid-1970s, as the economy deteriorated, hemlines dropped to midi (mid-calf length) and maxi (ankle length), while jeans were no longer exclusively blue.

6 Jeans remained fashionable during the period of punk, usually worn ripped, often with chains and studded belts. The look lasted for several years, although became more and more restricted to small groups of inner-city young people, and had little influence on other age groups.

7 As a backlash to the anarchy of punk, the New Romantics was a fashion movement which occurred mainly in British nightclubs. It was glamorous and courageous, and featured lavish frilled shirts. Jeans were definitely not acceptable.

8 The mid-1980s saw the rise of a number of different styles. Power dressing was characterized by smart suits and, for the newly-empowered women, shoulder pads and knee-length skirts. Not surprisingly, the economy was unstable, and people took less risks in what they wore. For men, the Miami Vice style, named after the television series, made use of smart T-shirts under designer jackets, and designer stubble—three or four days of beard growth. But as always, denim remained popular with the young. In particular, heavy metal music fans wore bleached and ripped jeans and denim jackets.

9 Gradually hemlines started to rise again ... until the world stock market crash in 1987. So the late 1980s in the US saw the rise of the more conservative style called Preppy style, with classic clothes by Ralph Lauren and Brooks Brothers for men, button-down shirts, chinos and loafers, with a sweater tied loosely around the neck. They also wore jeans, but either brand-new or clean and smartly pressed—not at all what Levi Strauss originally intended.

10 As the world economies improved again in the 1990s, fashion for young people became more daring. Boots and Converse or Nike trainers remained popular, but the predominant colours became olive green and oatmeal. Hair was worn long, or cut spiky short and dyed blue, green or red. Hoodies, baseball caps and baggy jeans, which were often worn low below the buttocks, were common on the streets.

11 Then in January 2000 the New York technology stock market collapsed. As usual, so did hemlines, which were described by one commentator as "the prim and proper look is in. Skirts should be below the knee." But merely one year later, the stock market began to recover, and the micro miniskirt returned. Hemlines were higher than they had been for many years.

12 During this period, it was unusual to wear formal clothes unless you were at work. Designer jeans gained huge popularity. These were made of the traditional denim, perhaps with some lycra added, but cut and marketed under well-known brands such as Armani, Hugo Boss and Moschino, who until recently had only concerned themselves with the smartest fashion lines. Skinny jeans also became popular in Britain and most of Europe. Skirt length is uncertain, ranging from micro to "sensible"—knee-length or just below.

13 Sometimes the hemline indicator, as it's called, can even precede and predict a change in the mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. In September 2007, at the New York fashion shows, which were displaying their styles for spring 2008, the trend was for much longer dresses and skirts, many to mid-calf or even down to the ankles. Some people felt this showed that the hemline indicator was no longer reliable, and that designers no longer dictated what people would wear. During the London and New York fashion shows in September 2008, hemlines continued to drop. But sure enough, in the fall of 2008, the stock market indexes fell dramatically when the banking crisis hit the US, Europe and then the rest of the world. Hemlines were no longer following the stock market—they were showing the way and indicating future economic trends.

14 During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely, and have usually been sparked off by a desire to identify people as belonging to a particular sub-culture. But the constant factors over this period are denim and hemlines and the greatest influences have been a 19th-century Californian clothes manufacturer and a young designer in the Swinging London of

the 1960s.

Unit4

The credit card trap

1 I have a confession. Several years ago, I was standing in a queue to collect some theatre tickets for my family, and my friend was doing the same for hers. I got mine, and paid for them by credit card, feeling contented by the convenience of this cash- free transaction. It was then her turn to pay. The whole operation passed as smoothly as mine, but my delight soon turned to abject shame. My credit card was a fairly pathetic, status-free dark blue, whereas hers was a very exclusive gold one.

2 How did she do this? How could this be? I knew I earned more than her, my car was newer, and my house was smarter. How did she get to appear more flash than me?

3 Now, I had a job which was as steady as any job was in those days – that's to say, not very, but you know, no complaints. I had a mortgage on my house, but then who didn't?

I paid off all my credit debt at the end of the month, so although technically, I was in debt to the credit card company, it was only for a matter of a few weeks. So I assumed I had a good credit rating.

4 Call me superficial, and I'm not proud of myself, but there and then, I was suddenly jealous of my friend. I decided I no longer wanted a blue card. I wanted a gold one. A gold card was suddenly indispensable, it would make me feel good with myself, and desirable to others.

5 So I applied for the most distinctive, shiny golden card the company offered.

6 I was turned down.

7 When I had recovered from the shock, which took several seconds, I asked why. It appears that because I pay my credit card bill both on time and in full, I'm not the kind of person that they want to have their gold credit card. They target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks, tempted to spend more than they have, and liable to fall behind with repayments. Then they can charge them more interest, and earn more money. That's the way they do business.

8 So does this explain why the credit card companies are luring impoverished students with unrealistic interest rates, like my kids?

9 Three weeks ago, No. 2 daughter came home from university for the weekend. She's in her second term of her first year. She has a student loan of ￡3,000, like most of her friends, and a small allowance from her poor mother (ha!) for transport, books, living expenses. She wears clothes from the local charity shops, and rarely goes out. She hugged me (never usually does that) and then said, "Mum, I need to talk to you."

10 "What is it, darling? Tell me everything."

11 "I've applied for a credit card, and I need someone to act as a guarantee for me. Is it OK if I put down your name? Thanks so much, Mum, must dash! Bye. "

12 After I'd hauled her back into the house, it transpired that her bank had written to her offering a credit card at a low interest for a trial three-month period, subject to suitability ... and so on. Her bank! I trusted them! They know even better than I do how broke she is.

13 Here’s a serious question. Why do they call them credit cards when it would be more accurate to call them debt cards?

14 Here's an even more serious story. Another friend's daughter, Kelly, was studying modern languages at university, and spent a year overseas. At some point in the year, there was a change of procedure, and Kelly's bank failed to allow her to access her funds in her current account, because the request was from outside the UK. Naturally, there was a lengthy correspondence while she tried to sort this out, so the delay in being able to access her funds meant that she went into the red, and her debts began to rise more than ￡200 above the agreed limit on her overdraft of ￡1,500.

15 When Kelly got back home, the bank charged her ￡100 for going over the limit, and insisted she paid ￡30 a month to bring the balance back to below her limit. They omitted to tell her that she wasn't actually paying off the debt, but only the exorbitant interest on the overspend of the overdraft.

16 So Kelly had to turn to her credit card which she had used sensibly and sparingly until that point. Because she was a student, and because she didn't use it much, naturally her credit limit was low.

17 And not surprisingly, she couldn’t pay off even the minimum payment on her credit card bill. So there were not only bank charges owing, but also credit card debts and interest. And of course, she was recorded as being a bad credit risk.

18 Things then went from bad to worse. A few months into her final year, the bank notified her that it was going to reduce her overdraft from ￡1,500 to ￡1,000. They told her to apply for a student loan to cover the rest. But when the loan company did a credit check, they discovered the card debt.

19 Guess what? She didn't get the loan.

20 This was a delightful kid who had great restraint with her spending and was economical about her lifestyle. She didn't go on spending sprees buying new shoes, and she didn't use her credit card as if (unlike me) it was a fashion item. She used it to buy food, to survive.

21 And what happened? She had to drop out of university

22 I wish there was a happy ending to Kelly's story, although maybe there will be. For the moment, she's working in the local supermarket, and it's probable that she'll have another go at university when she has paid off her debts.

23 So this is what the banks do. They set traps which appeal to our vanity and greed and sometimes to our basic need for survival. And then when we fall into the trap they shout "Got you! Didn't you realize it was a trap?"

24 And here we are today, caught in the credit crunch, with world economies in free fall, all because the wicked bankers set us traps which we fell into, attracting us with endless publicity for loans of money which even they didn't have! It now appears they were borrowing on their own flashy gold credit cards too.

25 So I have a solution to the credit card trap, and I want all of you to listen to me very carefully.

26 I want you to lay out all of your credit cards in a line, take a large pair of scissors and cut them into small pieces. Then put them in an envelope and send them to your bank, with a letter saying (more or less) “I trusted you and you deceived me. You've got the whole world into this ridiculous credit card trap, and if I now cut your cards in half, and take away your

potential to tempt money away from honest people like me, maybe it will be your turn to learn what it's like to run out of cash."

27 As for me, I don't want any more credit cards, no more status symbols, no more bad feelings about wishing I could show how superior I am to others. I'm not going to yearn any more for what I cannot afford or cannot have.

Sex Differences in English Gossip Rules

1 Contrary to popular belief, researchers have found that men gossip just as much as women. In one English study, both sexes devoted the same amount of conversation time (about 65 per cent) to social topics such as personal relationships; in another, the difference was found to be quite small, with gossip accounting for 55 per cent of male conversation time and 67 per cent of female time. As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about 10 per cent of conversation time, discussion of football could well account for the difference.

2 Men were certainly found to be no more likely than women to discuss "important" or "highbrow" subjects such as politics, work, art and cultural matters –except (and this was a striking difference) when women were present. On their own, men gossip, with no more than five per cent of conversation time devoted to non-social subjects such as work or politics. It is only in mixed-sex groups, where there are women to impress, that the proportion of male conversation time devoted to these more "highbrow" subjects increases dramatically, to between 15 and 20 per cent.

3 In fact, recent research has revealed only one significant difference, in terms of content, between male and female gossip: Men spend much more time talking about themselves. Of the total time devoted to conversation about social relationships, men spend two thirds talking about their own relationships, while women only talk about themselves one third of the time.

4 Despite these findings, the myth is still widely believed, particularly among males, that men spend their conversations "solving the world's problems", while the womenfolk gossip in the kitchen. In my focus groups and interviews, most English males initially claimed that they did not gossip, while most of the female readily admitted that they did. On further questioning, however, the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice: What the women were happy to call "gossip", the men defined as "exchanging information".

5 Clearly, there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males, an unwritten rule to the effect that, even if what one is doing is gossiping, it should be called something else. Perhaps even more important: It should sound like something else. In my gossip research, I found that the main difference between male and female gossip is that female gossip actually sounds like gossip. There seem to be three principal factors involved: the tone rule, the detail rule and the feedback rule.

The tone rule

6 The English women I interviewed all agreed that a particular tone of voice was considered appropriate for gossip. The gossip-tone should be high and quick, or sometimes a stage whisper, but always highly animated.

"Gossip's got to start with something like

[Quick, high-pitched, excited tone] 'Oooh –Guess what? Guess what?'" explained one

woman, "or 'Hey, listen, listen [quick, urgent stage whisper] – you know what I heard?'" Another told me: "You have to make it sound surprising or scandalous, even when it isn't really. You'll go, 'Well, don't tell anyone, but …' even when it's not really that big of a secret."

7 Many of the women complained that men failed to adopt the correct tone of voice, recounting items of gossip in the same flat, unemotional manner as any other piece of information, such that, as one woman sniffed, "You can't even tell it's gossip." Which, of course, is exactly the impression the males wish to give

The detail rule

8 Females also stressed the importance of detail in the telling of gossip, and again bemoaned the shortcomings of males in this matter, claiming that men "never know the details". "Men just don't do the he-said-she-said thing," one informant told me, "and it's no good unless you actually know what people said."

Another sa id: "Women tend to speculate more … They'll talk about why someone did something, give a history to the situation." For women, this detailed speculation about possible motives and causes, requiring an exhaustive raking over "history", is a crucial element of gossip, as is detailed speculation about possible outcomes. English males find all this detail boring, irrelevant and, of course, unmanly.

The feedback rule

9 Among English women, it is understood that to be a "good gossip" requires more than

a lively tone and attention to detail: You also need a good audience, by which they mean appreciative listeners who give plenty of appropriate feedback. The feedback rule of female gossip requires that listeners be at least as animated and enthusiastic as speakers.

The reasoning seems to be that this is only polite; the speaker has gone to the trouble of making the information sound surprising and scandalous, so the least one can do is to reciprocate by sounding suitably shocked. English men, according to my female informant, just don't seem to have grasped this rule. They do not understand that "You are supposed to say 'NO! Really?' and 'Oh my GOD!'"

10 My female informants agreed, however, that a man who did respond in the approved female manner would sound inappropriately girly, or even disturbingly effeminate. Even the gay males I interviewed felt that the "NO! Really?" kind of response would be regarded as decidedly "camp". The unwritten rules of English gossip etiquette do allow men to express shock or surprise when they hear a particularly juicy bit of gossip, but it is understood that a suitable expletive conveys such surprise in a more acceptably masculine fashion.

Winston Churchill

1 In the summer of 1940, Britain stood alone on the brink of invasion. At that crucial time, one man, Winston Churchill, defined what it meant to be British. We like to think of ourselves as tolerant and long-suffering people. But Churchill, through his leadership and his example, reminded us that if all we hold dear – our democracy, our freedom – is threatened, we will show courage and determination like no other nation.

2 "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. You ask what is our policy? I can say it is to wage war by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all our strength that God

can give us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime. You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be."

3 This was the moment when Britain had to be at its greatest. And in Churchill we found the greatest of Britons.

4 Winston Churchill was born in 1874 into one of Britain's grandest families. The Churchills had been fighting for king and country for generations. Young Winston always believed he'd do the same. But self-belief was something he maintained despite rather than because of his family.

His father Lord Randolph Churchill (1849–1895), and his mother, Jennie (1854–1921), were both cold and distant people. Winston was packed off to Harrow. He wasn't good-looking or clever; he was sickly, with a lisp and a stammer. He was bound to be bullied – and he was. Far from giving support, Winston's father predicted his child would "degenerate into a shabby, unhappy and futile existence".

5 He left school and, after three attempts, got into the military academy at Sandhurst. After Sandhurst he went looking for military action –wherever it was. He paid for himself by doubling up as a war correspondent. He used his dispatches to promote himself as a hero of the Boer War, and returned to England in 1900 renowned and all set to become an MP.

6 He was elected as Tory MP for Oldham in the same year. Then he swapped to the Liberals, then back. He was never really a Party animal. He cared about Britain. His vision was of a place with better living standards for ordinary people, but with a fierce regard for law and order. Though he wasn't a vicious man, Churchill's attitude to suffragettes, trade unionists or anyone who challenged the system was brutal. His weapon of first resort was the army.

7 But then he'd always wanted to be a general. This ambition dated back to the days when he spent his school holidays playing with toy soldiers in the corridors of Blenheim Palace, below the tapestries of his heroic ancestors. He must have been delighted when, in 1911, he was made First Lord of the Admiralty – and even more so when the First World War offered him the opportunity to plan a major military offensive at Gallipoli, in 1915.

8 Gallipoli was a disaster, costing Winston his job and nearly his sanity. This was the onset of his first major bout of depression, a curse he called his "black dog". Thankfully he now had a wife, Clementine, to help him through it. She was 11 years younger than him, beautiful, clever and unswervingly loyal. She kept him together, but he got himself out of it, in true Churchillian fashion. To make amends for his mistake, he took himself off to the trenches of France to fight. He must be one of the few soldiers to have written home from the First World War that he had "found happiness and content such as I have not known for months". He was a man made for war.

9 By the time Churchill returned to England, he'd already achieved many great things. He'd been a successful journalist, he'd fought for his country and he'd held high office, as he was to do again in the 1920s as Chancellor of the Exchequer. But by 1930, Labour was in power and he was on the backbenches, a nobody and a has-been. He largely sat out the 1930s at his country retreat Chartwell.

10 In September 1938, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940) famously brandished an agreement he'd signed with Adolf Hitler (1889–1945) and declared he'd secured peace in our time. You could almost hear the sighs of relief. But not from Winston. He'd predicted –long

before anyone else – what German nationalism was leading to.By the time he was proved right, and war had been declared, King George VI (1895–1952) knew that "there was only one person I could send for to form a Government who had the confidence of the country. And that was Winston". When the call came, Churchill was 65- year-old. It had been a long wait, but destiny had arrived.

11 People talk of 1066, of the Armada, of Trafalgar. But 1940 was the most important year in British history. It was the year of Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain, the Blitz. It was the year when every single Briton, civilian as well as soldier, found themselves at war. The cause appeared hopeless, yet Winston, reviving the V sign for victory from the fields of Agincourt 500 years before, told us we could win.

12 Churchill was an instinctive, daring, often infuriating war leader. He was rude and unpleasant to his staff, who struggled to keep up with his limitless capacity for hard work and hard liquor. But he was also an inspiration. When victory was finally declared in Europe on 8 May 1945, it was quickly followed by a general election.The billboards said "Cheer Churchill, Vote Labour", and that's what people did. That was the irony. The very democracy that Churchill was prepared to lay down his life to defend was the same democracy that knew the difference between the needs of peace and the needs of war.

13 When Churchill died in 1965, the new rock-and-roll Britain stood still. If Britain –its eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartedness – had to be summed up in one person, it was him. He had gone, but, thanks to him, Britain lived on. And what could be greater than that?

美好的回忆

Golden memories

虽然这个房子已经换了许多户人家了，但直到现在我还记得那些筑墙、盖屋顶的工人。当时马路对过那座庄园大宅的主人需要建一个小屋给他的园丁住。他在这片连绵不断的巨大的丘陵果园中找到了一片空地，并派工人到本地的采石场运来金黄色的石头。工人们花了三个月的时间在园子里建起了这两座农家小屋。

I can still remember the men who built the walls, and raised the roof, even though it was many families ago. The master from the manor house over the way needed a lodge for his groundsman to live, and found a clearing in the huge orchard which ran up and down the hills. He sent workman to bring the golden stone from the local quarry and they spent three months building two cottages in the park.

我只从侧面看到过我旁边的那座房子，我从来没有见过它的正面。但是我知道，尽管我们在结构和外观上是一模一样的，我们的朝向正好相反，这真是不可思议。我的前门朝东，隔壁房子的前门是朝西的。我的卧室在房子的后部，在隔壁那所房子里，这个位置的楼下是厨房。我的厨房在房子的前部，在隔壁的那个房子里，这个位置的楼上是卧室。我觉得我比我的

邻居更幸运，因为每天早上，我这边的石头会享受到阳光的照耀。

I only see my neighbor from the side. I've never seen him face on, but I do know that strangely, although we're identical, we're the exact opposite of each other, with my front door facing east and my neighbour's facing west, my bedroom in the back over his kitchen, my kitchen under his bedroom in the front. I think I'm the lucky one because each morning, the stone gleams in the sunlight.

园丁精心地照料庄园周围的果园和花园，所以到了秋天，树上总是果实累累，结满了苹果和梨。当白天越来越短的时候，四周的土地上全是一片忙碌的景象，帮工们采摘水果，把摘下的水果送到庄园或是沿着那条路运到镇上的市场去卖。

The groundsman tended the orchards and the gardens around the manor house, so the trees in autumn were always heavy with apples and pears, and as the days grew shorter the land around was busy with helpers collecting the fruit to take to the manor house, or to market in town down the way.

除了秋天，其他时候这里非常安静。园丁好像很孤独，直到后来有一天，他带了一名年轻女子回家。房子里很快充满了欢声笑语和饭菜的香味。园丁外出干活的时候，他的妻子会照看我周围的花园，种玫瑰、水仙和郁金香，还有夏季植物和菊花。从早春的鲜花到深秋的深黄色的叶子，花园里真是五彩缤纷。能照看这样一对夫妇，我感觉很幸福。

Apart from the autumn, it was quiet here, and the groundsman seemed lonely until one day, he brought a young woman home. I was soon filled with the sounds of conversation and laughter, and the smell of cooking. While the groundsman was at work, the woman looked after the garden around me, planting roses, daffodils and tulips, summer plants and chrysanthemums. There was a riot of colors, from blossom in early spring to the dark golden colors of late autumn. It felt good to look after the happy couple.

没过多久，又有孩子要照看了。头一个孩子是女孩，她常常高兴得咯咯笑，睡得也很沉。后来又添了一个男孩，他哭起来嗓门很大，让我们大家都不得安宁。但是他们都很快乐，也很听话。他们会静静地在屋里或花园里一起玩耍。渐渐地，他们长大了，也长高了。最让我感到愉快的一个记忆是：在一个温暖的夏日，我看到男孩高高地坐在一棵苹果树的枝干上，读着他最喜爱的那本书。

Soon there were children to look after too, first a girl, who gurgled happily and slept deeply, and then a boy with powerful lungs, who kept us all awake. But both were happy and good children. They played quietly together inside or in the garden, and gradually grew older and taller. One of my happiest memories is of one warm summer's day. High up in the branches of one of the apple trees rested the boy, reading his favourite book.

我的窗户是我的眼睛，能看到绿树和田野。窗外的风景被低矮的丘陵围绕着，仿佛一切都栖息在它的怀抱里。远处是尖塔林立的城市，平日里静悄悄的，只有在特定的日子里，才会响起钟声。在那些特定日子里，园丁和他的家人会穿上漂亮的衣服外出，几个小时之后才回来。

My windows are my eyes, and they look onto trees and fields, with low hills surrounding the whole scene as if everything nestled in their arms. In the distance is a city of spires, silent except on days when the bells sound. On these days, the groundsman and his family used to dress smartly and leave the house for several hours.

孩子们渐渐长大了。先是女儿不见了，回来的时候挽着一个年轻人。儿子也离开了家。有一天，我看到邮递员拿着一摞信来到门口，递给园丁和他的妻子一封电报。他们读完电报，

妻子大叫一声，晕倒在地。在这之后的一段日子里，他们常常坐在我的门廊下相拥而泣。The children grew up, and the daughter disappeared, only to return with a young man on her arm. The son also left, and one day, I saw the postman arrive with a bundle of letters, and give the groundsman and his wife a telegram. When they read it, she cried out and fainted. For some time after this, they sat on my porch holding each other and weeping.

过了一年又一年，园丁夫妇的年纪越来越大了，突然有一天这房子人去楼空。我们是从小一起生活的，可是我连跟他们说再见的机会都没有。

As the years passed by, the couple grew older, and suddenly the house was empty. We had grown up together, but I didn't have a chance to say goodbye.

一户新的人家住了进来，是一个聪明的男人和他的妻子，还有两个孩子。他每天一大早就拎着公文包出去上班，晚上才回来。孩子们白天上学，放学后经常带朋友回家到花园里玩、爬树、踢足球。差不多就在这个时候，我窗外的景色开始发生变化了，这儿不再只有我和我旁边的房子了，对面有人在盖新房子。新房子是砖砌的，比我们高、比我们窄。我觉得和我的漂亮石头相比，它们看起来比较粗糙。越来越多的人来这附近居住，街道上人们熙来攘往，似乎没有人会在家里呆上太长的时间。

A new family arrived, a smart man and his wife, with two children. He left us every morning carrying his briefcase, and returned home at night. The children spent their days at school, and often brought their friends back to play in the garden, climbing trees and kicking footballs. Around this time, the view from my windows began to change. My neighbor and I were no longer the only homes around, because opposite there were new houses being built. They were made of bricks and looked taller and thinner than we were. I thought they looked rather coarse against my handsome stone. And many more people came to live around here as well, the streets became quite busy with people walking up and down on their way somewhere. It seemed as if no one spent much time at home any more.

年复一年，又有新的家庭住进来。两个中年妇女在我这儿住了几年，我很喜欢她们，因为她们精心照料我的房间和花园。处处干净整洁，她们把房间布置得如同我当初刚建成的时候的样子。她们还给房间通了电——我以前不知道电灯有这么

亮，也没意识到我的房间以前是多么幽暗。后来，她们觉得外面的洗手间不能满足她们的需要了，我就只好放弃一个卧室，这样她们就可以在室内装一个浴缸和马桶。前门边的那个老井也被改造了，改造后水就可以通过地下管道直接通进屋内。她们又逐渐安装了各种各样的电器，比如炉具和洗衣机。我们都很暖和、干净。虽然房子和以前不太一样了，但是总体感觉还是不错的。

As the years passed, there were new families who came to stay. Two middle-aged women spent several years here, and I liked them because of the care they showed to my rooms and my garden. Everything was very clean and tidy; it was as if they had furnished the house in the same style as when I was first built. They also installed electricity—I hadn't realized how bright the lights could be or how gloomy my rooms must have appeared. But then they decided that the outside

bathroom was no longer suitable for their needs, and I had to abandon one of the bedrooms so they could fit a bath tub and lavatory indoors. The old well by the front gate was changed so that water was brought directly through underground pipes into the house. And gradually they installed all sorts of appliances, such as a cooker and washing machine. But we were all warm and clean, and although it was different, it wasn't unpleasant.

不久，周围建起了更多的房子，越来越多的人住了进来。送牛奶的驾着马车来送奶，收破烂的坐在车上喊话，问我们有没有不要的旧衣服和金属废品，对这些我已经习以为常了。不过后来，一种不需要马拉的车开始从门前开过。一开始差不多是每隔一个小时能听到一阵金属声从门前响过。但是过了几年，马路上变得越来越热闹，很快就有了好几条公交线路，很多小汽车在十字路口排队等绿灯。

Soon more houses were built and more people came to live. I got used to the horse-drawn deliveries made by the milkman, or the rag-and-bone man calling from his cart for old cloth and metal things we no longer needed. But then horseless carriages started to pass the front of the house. At first it was no more than a metallic noise going past every hour or so, but over the years, the road became busier, and soon there were lines of buses and cars waiting at the crossroads.

在家里，我又开始照看另一个家庭。这家的男主人和女主人早上分别在不同的时间离开家，步行下山或去等公共汽车。他们的孩子放学回来之后，自己用钥匙开门进屋，然后看上几个小时的电视，直到他们的父母回来。他们养了一只宠物狗，它整天坐在外面，时不时地狂吠、嚎叫，还在我的花园里刨坑挖土，说实话，我很讨厌它这么干。

At home I had another family to look after. At different times in the morning, both the man and the woman left me and walked down the hill or waited for the bus. When their children came home, they let themselves in with their key, and watched television for hours until the parents returned. They had a pet dog who sat outside all day, barking and howling, or digging up my garden, which I have to admit I resented.

我喜欢住在我这儿的最后一个人，约瑟夫。他在家里干活，组装家具。所以我整天都能看到他，我们相依为伴。他已经上了年纪，腿脚不太灵便，走路非常慢，要用双手扶着桌椅什么的才不会摔倒，有时候还要停下来喘口气。

I liked the last person who lived with me. Joseph worked at home assembling furniture, so I saw him all day, and we kept each other company. He wasn't a young man, and had trouble moving around, walking very slowly, using his hands to steady himself, sometimes stopping to catch his breath.

当然，我也不是以前那个样子了。我的地板开始嘎吱作响，整个晚上屋子里都会有奇怪的声音，好像闹鬼一样。每一个在我这里住过的人都留下了痕迹：墙上的记号，刻在楼梯扶栏上的姓名的首字母，关不紧的门。当然，这些都是我美好的回忆，但是我看上去已经有点破败了，我自己也感觉到了。

Of course, I'm not the home I used to be either. My floorboards creak, and ghosts make strange

noises throughout the night. There are signs of everyone who has lived with me, marks on the walls, carved initials on the banisters, doors which don't close properly. They are my golden memories, of course, but in fact, I look and feel

my age.

约瑟夫已经有一阵子没在这儿住了，屋子里静悄悄的。花园里到处是腐烂的苹果和枯叶。今年没有人来摘苹果、清理树叶。前门已经从铰链上脱落了，有人在房子侧面的石墙上喷涂了几个字。虽然我很不情愿，但我不得不承认房子里面甚至积满了污垢，有的地方都长霉了。甚至附近的街区也已经和以前完全不一样了，一到晚上到处是嘈杂的音乐和喊叫声。说实话，街上喧闹的车流已经让人无法忍受了。

Joseph hasn't been here for a while, and it's very quiet. The garden is full of decaying apples and dead leaves. No one has collected them this year. The front gate has fallen off its hinges, and someone has sprayed some words on the stonework at the side of the house. I'm afraid to admit that there's even dirt and mould inside the house. Even the neighbourhood isn't what it used to be, full of loud music and shouting late at nights, and frankly the traffic is impossible to live with.

今天，外面突然出现一阵骚动。一辆卡车在房子前面停了下来，从车上下来一群工人，每人都拿着口袋和其他器械。也许他们是来和我一起住的。但是从拐角传来一阵巨大的发动机的轰鸣声，声音离我越来越近。实际上，这声音听起来挺吓人的。一个装了铁球和铁链一类的东西的起重机从路的拐弯处开了过来。我真希望这个东西不要靠近我。

Suddenly today, there is some excitement. At the front of the house, a lorry stops and a gang of workmen get out, all carrying bags and other devices. Perhaps they're coming to live with me. But around the corner, I can hear a very loud engine noise coming closer, and actually, it's quite frightening. Round the bend comes a large crane with a kind of ball and chain. I do hope it will go away.

新世纪大学英语系列教程第版综合教程答案

Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

新世纪大学英语综合教程1课后答案(全)

2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II)Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4.No Mistake especial→ especially

necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake ea sily → easy No Mistake i ndividually → individual m uch → many h igh → highly a pparently → apparent r emarkably → remarkable p robable → probably No Mistake (III)Grammar Task 1: (1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can’t (7) should would (8) must Task 2: (1)We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree. (2)On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. (3)When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of fun together. (4)To write well, a person must read good books. (IV)Cloze (1) doubt (2) efficient (3) where (4) advantage (5) afford (6) claim (7) fluently (8) qualified (9) extent (10) ridiculous (11) perfect (12) as (13) because (14) individual (V)Translation 1. Translate the sentences (1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. (2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.

新标准大学英语4课文summary

Unit1 reading2 if you ask me This is an informal and personalized account of an economic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and then has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). Since her family can’t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels lonely. She tells her troubles to Tony, a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some friends and gets her a loan to set up a business. With this help she has her master’s degree and her own company. however, unluckliy,Tony is disabled after an accident and needs the repayment of the loan to adapt his house for his disability. She pay back Tony’s help, and Tony thinks that investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for. Unit2 reading1 Reading is a life-changing activity. It helps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emotions and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely influential in the way we live. Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience that

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文

BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。两种不同的学习方式

我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。把着手教回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

新世纪英语综合教程答案

The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is...related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid... of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It's no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. Adverbs Adjectives efficiently efficient particularly particular fluently fluent quickly quick cheaply cheap continually continual probably probable adventurously adventurous finally final steadily steady slowly slow solemnly solemn really real apparently apparent tentatively tentative exactly exact 4. No Mistake especial→ especially necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake easily → easy No Mistake individually → individual much → many high → highly apparently → apparent remarkably → remarkable probable → probably No Mistake (III) Grammar Task 1: (1) would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can't (7) should would (8) must Task 2: (1) We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree. (2) On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. (3) When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of fun together. (4) To write well, a person must read good books. (IV) Cloze

新标准大学英语综合教程4第二版unit1-6课文翻译及

新标准大学英语综合教程4第二版unit1-6课文翻译及课后翻译

英语翻译 Unit one Nine to five passage1 大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？ 1 七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书，拍毕业照。这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。 2 等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。这位属于“千禧一代”的年轻人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。他能找到工作吗？ 3 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。 4 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。 5 他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。他们给的年薪是1.8万镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人。然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。” 6 打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段。他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己一样。其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市上货，其余的则都是朝九晚五地“无所事事”，晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时间。要么，干脆就在酒吧工作？这样还可以挣些酒钱。“我不想在酒吧工作。我上的是综合学校，我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学。到了大学，我又埋头苦读，才取得一个好学位。可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的做无聊的酒吧侍应的朋友处在同一个水平线上。我觉得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原来的起点。” 7 他的母亲杰奎琳·古德温替他辩护。她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力找工作了。但由于她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作，所以她和她的丈夫发现，建议儿子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情。她说：“我一直都不得不工作。而现在的年轻人很难做到这一点，因为如果你有了学位，学位就会为你提供新的机会，至少你自己会这么想。” 8 虽然目前她对儿子的态度还比较温和，但是她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期的假之后，他的休假就该结束了。他可能还得付房租，并分担家庭开支。 9 她说：“在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人。我们已经帮他交了大学的学费，

全新版大学英语综合教程unit课文翻译

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人彼得·甘贝尔威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and

全新版大学英语综合教程教案

Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before