全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程 第1册 Unit 2 课堂笔记

Before Reading >> English Song –That’s What Friends Are For

I. Introductory Remarks

Just what are friends for? To have fun with, of course, to share in the good times. Yet most people would say that a real friend is more than just a fair-weather friend. A fair-weather friend?

A fair-weather friend is someone who's happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives, while a good friend, a true friend, is one who'll stand by you when you find yourself in difficulties. Th at’s certainly what the song is about. As they tell each other … So let's listen to them as they sing the song.

II. That’s What Friends Are For

Listen to the song and fill in the blanks with what you hear.

And I never thought I’d feel this way

And as far as I’m concerned

I’m glad I got the chance to say

That I do believe I love you

And if I should ever go away

Well, then close your eyes and try

To feel the way we do today

And then if you can remember

Keep smiling, keep shining

Knowing you can always count on me

For sure, that’s what friends are for

For good times and bad times

I’ll be on your side forevermore

That’s what friends are for

Well, you came and opened me

And now there’s so much more I see

And so by the way, I thank you

And then for the times we’re apart

Well, then close your eyes and know

These words are coming from my heart

And then if you can remember

Keep smiling, keep shining

Knowing you can always count on me

For sure, that’s what friends are for

In good times and bad times

I’ll b e on your side forevermore

That’s what friends are for

Keep smiling, keep shining

Knowing you can always count on me

For sure, that’s what friends are for

For good times and bad times

I’ll be on your side forevermore

That’s what friends are for

Keep smiling, keep shining

Knowing you can always count on me

For sure, that’s w hat friends are for

For good times and for bad times

I’ll be on your side forevermore

That’s what friends are for

Count on me, for sure

Count on me, for sure

Count on me, for sure

T hat’s what friends are for

Keep smiling, keep shining

III. Questions and Answers

1. What is a fair-weather friend?

(One who is happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives.)

2. Do you know anything about the singers?

(Dionne Warwick, Elton John, Stevie Wonder and Gladys Knight.

Dionne Warwick

Dionne Warwick was a pop and R&B (Rhythm and Blues, 节奏蓝调音乐) music star of the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s she worked jointly with Elton John, Gladys Knight and Stevie Wonder on the Grammy-winning single That’s What Friends Are For, a fundraiser for AIDS victims. Elton John

Elton John (1947~), an English rock composer, singer and pianist, is one of rock music’s durable (持久的) performers. He played the piano by ear from age four, and studied at the Royal Academy of Music at 11. The top pop star of the 1970s, his performance was featured by wild eyeglasses and outlandish (奇异的) costumes on the stage. Despite health problems in 1993 he continues to perform live across the world, mostly on the softer side these days.

His latest success includes the best-selling sound track for The Lion King (1994), a Disney film. And the recording of Candle in the Wind 97, sung at the funeral of Princess Diana, became the largest-selling single in history within a month of its release (发行). He was knighted (授予爵士称号) in 1998.)

3. According to the song, what are friends for?

(For both good times and bad times.)

4. How can friend and friendship be defined?

(Friend Definition A:

A friend is one to whom one may pour out all the contents of one’s heart, chaff (谷壳)and grain together, knowing that gentle hands will take and sift (筛，过滤) them, keep what is worth keeping, and with a breath of kindness, blow the rest away.

— George Eliot (1819~1880), English novelist Friend Definition B:

A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere. Before him, I may think aloud.

— Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803~1882),

American poet and philosopher Friend Definition C:

A true friend is one who overlooks your failures and tolerates your successes.

— Doug Larson (1902~1981),

English middle-distance runner Friendship Definition A:

True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.

— Charles Caleb Colton (1780~1832),

English author and clergyman Friendship Definition B:

Friendship is a ship big enough to carry two in fair weather, but only one in foul (天气恶劣的).

— Ambrose Bierce (1842~1914),

American author and journalist,

from The Devil’s Dictionary Friendship Definition C:

Friendship is a treasure that always helps us overcome any kind of difficulty. Friendship is a comfort which always understands worries and emotions. Friendship is a blessing because it teaches the way to live.

— Unknown) 5. Can you give some examples of great friendship?

(Marx and Engels

Marx valued Engels’ friendship so highly that he once said he loved and admired his friend very much. Engels had been aiding Marx who suffered greatly from bitter poverty. Were it not for the help Marx obtained from Engels, Marx would hardly have been able to overcome poverty and he surely would not have left behind him a monument.

Qu Qiubai and Lu Xun

Qu Qiubai was one of CPC’s pri ncipal leaders in the early period. Under the persecution (迫害)of Wang Ming, one of the CPC’s early leaders, Qu was dismissed from his important posts in the CPC Central Committee. But he soon took an active part in the struggles launched by the

left-wing cultural front, together with Lu Xun, in Shanghai. During the two years of joint work , they became true friends.)

Before Reading >> Background Information

Halloween

Halloween is celebrated annually. It is on the night of 31 October, when people once believed that ghosts could be seen. Now, in Britain and America, it is a time when children have parties, dress up as witches, make lanterns out of pumpkins from which the inside has been remo ved, and play “trick or treat”.

“Trick or treat” is a traditional activity at Halloween. Children dress in costumes and visit houses. At each house they say “Trick or treat”. This means that they will play a “trick”, or joke, on the people in the house unless they are given a “treat”, e.g. sweets or money. Most people prefer to give treats rather than having tricks played on them.

Before Reading >> Word Web

The stories in this unit are about friendship. Write down five words which you would use if you were writing a poem on this subject.

(durable, long-standing, enduring, lifelong, genuine, help, generous, everlasting, intimate, close, warm, trust, perpetual)

Before Reading >> Topic-related Prediction

1. Text A is titled All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter. Before you read the story, think about the answers to the following questions.

- What does a cabbie do?

- What is a letter used for?

- Who wrote the letter to the cabbie?

- Why was all the cabbie had only a letter?

2. Read the last sentence of Text A and try to guess what the story is about.

When I got to my hotel room I didn’t unpack right away. First I had to write a letter — and mail it.

3. Read Text A as quickly as possible, and find out if you are right. Can you summarize the story with three sentences?

Key words: lost in thought; read a letter; an old friend; lifelong friendship; regret; author decided

Before Reading >> Warm-up Questions

1. Do you often write letters to your friends?

2. Did you ever write a letter which was not sent? Why did you keep it?

Global Reading >> Scanning

Scan Text A and decide which of the following statements is the theme.

1. One should keep in touch with his friends.

2. Never delay expressing your true feelings to a friend.

3. A true friend will stand by you forever.

4. Late is better than never.

(Never delay expressing your true feelings to a friend.)

Global Reading >> Group Discussion

1. The following questions are what the narrator asked the cab driver. Put them in the right order.

1) Did you go to school together?

2) The letter must have made you feel good, didn’t it?

3) Is your cab available?

4) Is he someone you’ve known quite a while?

5) Is he dead?

6) I thought your friend was Ed. Why did he sign it Tom?

7) Is the letter from a child or a grandchild?

8) Did you two work at the same place?

(3 — 7 — 4 — 1 — 5 — 8 — 2 — 6)

2. What were the cabbie’s responses to these questions?

3. The narrator thought that the cabbie had received a letter from a friend named Ed. Which round of question-and-answer in the text leads to the misunderstanding?

(The second round: “Is the letter from a child or a grandchild?”

“No. Ed was my oldest friend.”)

Global Reading >> Part Division of the Text

Global Reading >> Further Understanding

I. For Part 1 True or False

1. The driver caught a cold that day. (F)

(He had just cried.)

2. The driver had never seen Ed in the past 25 or 30 years. (F)

(He had only seen him once or twice a year.)

3. The driver had never forgotten his old friend. (T)

4. The narrator was quite eager to read the letter.(F)

(He thought it was very personal.)

II. For Part 2 & 3 Question and Answers

1. What did the driver and Ed use to do before they got married?

(They went to school and passed time together.)

2. What did the narrator mean by saying the first sentence in the letter reminded him of himself? (He often postponed writing to his friends.)

3. Who wrote the letter? Who did the narrator think had written the letter? Find out sentences that demonstrate the narrator’s misunderstanding.

(The driver wrote the letter. The narrator thought that Ed had written the letter. For example, “I know I’d like to receive a letter like that from my oldest friend.”)

4. What did the narrator decide to do when he arrived at the hotel? Why?

(He decided to write a letter and mail it immediately bec ause he wouldn’t wait until it was too late.)

Detailed Reading

I. Difficult Sentences

1.He sounded as if he had a cold or something. (Para. 2)

What can we infer from this sentence?

(This sentence implies the sad state of mind the taxi driver was in.)

2.At l east they do with me because I’m on the road so much. (Para. 5)

Paraphrase the sentence.

(At least letters from home mean a lot to me because I travel a lot for long distances.)

3.It might just as well have been family. (Para. 6)

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(也可以算是一家人。)

4.But I take it he’s someone you’ve known quite a while? (Para. 7)

What does “I take it” mean?

(“I take it” means “I understand (that); I assume (that)”.

- As I take it, they won’t accept the proposal.)

5.But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: “I should have kept in touch. Yes,” he repeated, “I should have kept in touch.” (Para.

16)

1) Paraphrase the sentence.

(But I realized that the taxi driver was still thinking of Old Ed when he spoke again. It seemed that he spoke more to himself than to me. He repeated that he should have kept in touch.)

2) Why did the driver repeat that he should have kept in touch?

(He could have let Ed know how he missed him.)

6.It had references to things that probably meant something to the driver, … (Para. 21)

1) What does it refer to?

(It refers to the letter.)

2) What does reference mean here?

(It means the act of mentioning.)

3) Paraphrase the sentence.

(The letter mentioned something that might be important to the driver.)

7.“Like it says there,” he answered, “about all we had to spend in those days was time.” (Para. 23) Paraphrase the sentence.

(“As the letter says there,” he answered, “though we didn’t have much money we had a lot of free time.”)

8.There are fewer and fewer still around. (Para. 25)

Paraphrase the sentence.

(Fewer and fewer of us are left alive.)

9.But we hung out on the same corner when we were single. (Para. 28)

Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.

[But we passed our free time together before we got married. (不过没成家时我俩总在一起闲荡。)]

10.But for the last 20 or 30 years it’s been mostly just Christmas cards. (Para. 28)

Paraphrase the sentence.

(But generally speaking we have sent only Christmas cards to keep in touch with each other for the last 20 or 30 years.)

11.Your fri endship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I’m not good at saying things like that. (Para. 29)

Paraphrase the sentence.

(Your friendship over the years has been very important to me, more important than I can say becau se I’m not good at expressing my feelings.)

II. Words & Expressions

be lost in / lose oneself in:be absorbed in; be fully occupied with

- He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.

- I had lost myself in thought.

- 他忙于这项工作而对周围的一切都很漠然。(He was lost to the world in this task.)

available: adj.

1. able to be got, obtained, used, etc.

- If you don’t want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions available in the book.

- We have already used up all the available space.

- 对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。(I’m sorry. Those overcoats are not available in your color and size. )

2. able to be visited or seen; not too busy

- 律师现在没空。(The lawyer is not available now.)

or something: used when you are not very sure about what you have just said

- The air fare was a hundred and ninety-nine pounds or something.

- Here’s some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something.

NB:

同义的短语：or something like that

go ahead:continue; begin (sometimes followed by with + n.)

- The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.

- Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway.

estimate:

1. vt. form a judgment about (a quantity or value)

- Bill’s personal riches were estimated at $368 million.

- I estimate that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.

- 我估计她有35岁。(I estimate her age at 35. )

2. n. approximate calculation or judgment made about a quantity or value

- According to some estimates, the number of farms has increased by 50 percent.

- My estimate of her character was wrong.

CF: estimate, evaluate & value

这组词都有“估计”或“估价”的意思。

estimate 指先于实际的测量、计算或测试而作的某种估计或估价，可以是经过仔细考虑，也可以是随意的。

- He estimated he would do the hundred miles by noon. (他估计自已到中午时能走完这一百英里路。)

- I asked three building firms to estimate for the repairs to the house. (我请三个建筑公司估计修缮房屋的费用。)

evaluate 很少表示用金钱来估计某物的市场价值，而是对其相对或内在价值的评定。

- The research project has only been under way for three months, so it’s too early to evaluate its success. (这个研究项目进行了不过三个月，所以要对它的效果作出评价为时尚早。 )

value 指估计某物的价值、价格。

- He valued the house for me at ￡3,500. (他为我给这幢房子估价，价值3,500英镑。)

Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary.

1. How do teachers evaluate their students’ work?

2. It was estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.

3. They have gone to have their jewels valued.

might / may (just) as well: If you say that you might / may (just) as well do sth., you mean that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it.

- Anyway, you’re h ere; you might as well stay.

- The post office is really busy. We’ll have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.

- 这道甜食我还是不吃了吧。(I might as well give the sweet course a miss.)

not much of:not a good …

- 天气不是很好。(It is not much of a day. )

- Some people may think that doing housework for others is not much of a career.

- He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.

keep up:continue without stopping

- They risk losing their homes because they can no longer keep up the repayments.

- I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month. Collocation:

keep t 坚持；信守

keep up with 跟上；赶上

keep on 继续进行；反复地做

keep out of 躲开；（使）置身于…之外

keep off 避开；不让…接近

Put into each gap one of the above phrases. Change the form where necessary.

1. Keep off the grass!

2. If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined.

3. Try to keep out of trouble.

4. Don’t run —I can’t keep up with you.

5. He just kept on writing, paying no attention to the cry of the baby.

6. He always keeps to his promises.

correspondence:n.

1. the act of writing, receiving or sending letters (often followed by with + n.)

- His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.

- 敌人空袭后通信中断了。(The correspondence dropped after the enemy’s air raid. )

2. the letters that sb. receives or sends (used as an uncountable noun)

- Mary really never mentions her step-mother in her correspondence.

- The library bought all the correspondence between Queen Victoria and her daughters. Collocation:

carry on correspondence 进行通信

break off correspondence 中断通信

business / commercial correspondence 商业书信

personal correspondence 私人通信

in correspondence with 与…有通信联系

practically:adv. almost, but not completely or exactly

- 她几乎每天上班迟到。(She’s practically always late for work. )

- He’d known the old man for practically ten years.

- I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking.

kind of / sort of:(“kind of” esp. AmE, “sort of” esp. BrE) a little bit; in some way or degree (used before verb or after a link verb)

- The boy’s description kind of gives us an idea of what’s happening.

- She wasn’t beautiful. But she was kind of cute.

- 她有点希望能受到邀请。(She kind of hoped to be invited. )

lose touch (with sb.):meet and contact sb. less and less often, gradually stop writing to, telephoning, or visiting them

- I lost touch with my former classmates after graduation.

- In my job one tends to lose touch with friends.

a couple of: a few; more than one but not many

- Do you have a moment? There are a couple of things I’d like to talk to you about.

- They promised the students that they would find a substitute teacher in a couple of days.

on one’s mind:in one’s th oughts; of concern to one (If sth. is on your mind, you are worried or concerned about it and think about it a lot.)

- Dealings on the stock market have been on his mind all the time.

- This travel plan has been on my mind all week.

- You are always on my mind.

keep in touch (with sb.):If you keep in touch with someone, you write to, phone, or visit each other regularly.

- The old man kept in touch with his children while living in a nursing home.

- While doing the research work in the Antarctic, the professor kept in touch with his students via email.

Collocation:

stay in touch with 与…保持联系

get in touch with 与…取得联系

come up:

1. happen or occur, esp. unexpectedly

- Sorry, I am late — something came up at home.

- Other projects came up and the emphasis of my work changed.

2. be mentioned or discussed

- The issue of safety came up twice during the meeting.

- News about Project Hope has come up a lot after the earthquake in various media. Collocation:

come across 偶遇，碰到

come along 进展；出现

come down 流传下来；落魄，失势

come over 从远处来，过来；短暂造访

come through 经历（困难），安然度过

come up with 想出（计划、答案、回答等）

Put into each gap one of the phrases. Change the form where necessary.

1. He couldn’t come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.

2. How’s your work coming along?

3. These legends came down to us from the 15th century.

4. The old man was 90 years old and lucky to come through his operation.

5. We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.

6. Come over and see us sometime.

urge: vt. try very hard to persuade

- They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform program.

- Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.

- 当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时，我实在忍不住了。(When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. )

Pattern:

urge sb. to do sth.

urge + that-clause. (In the that-clause, “should” or the base form of a verb is used.)

postpone: vt. delay (usu. followed by n. / gerund)

- The couple had postponed having children to establish their careers.

- 我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。(We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. )

CF: postpone & delay

这组词都有“延缓”或“耽搁”的意思。

postpone 指将某事推迟或耽搁延后进行，也可以用来比喻将某人或某物置于次要地位。例如：

- The ball game was postponed because of the rain. (球赛因雨延期。)

- It is not right for him to postpone the public interest. (他将公众利益放在后面是不对的。) delay 指由于干扰或意外事故而延误，特别是延误了某事的预期完成或某人某物的按时到达。有时也可能是由于主观原因故意造成的拖延或耽搁。例如：

- The flood seriously delayed the train service. (洪水严重延误了铁路运输。)

- Our debtor delays payment from day to day. (欠我们债的人一天又一天地拖延还款。)

Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary.

1. The ship was delayed two hours.

2. We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer.

reference:n.

1. the act of talking about sb. / sth., or mentioning them (usu. followed by to)

- It was strange that he made no reference to any work experience in his resume.

- His recent book makes references to the political events of those days.

2. sth. that shows you where else to look for information, for example the page number of another place in a book

- Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.

3. the act of looking at sth. for information

- Use the dictionary for easy reference.

- Keep their price list for further reference.

Collocation:

a reference book 参考书，工具书

a reference library （不外借书的）参考书阅览室

for reference 作参考

in / with reference to 关于

reunion: n. a party attended by members of the same family, school, or other group who have not seen each other for a long time

- Before she went abroad for further study, the whole family had a big family reunion.

- The soccer club holds an annual / a yearly reunion.

Collocation:

a class reunion 毕业后的同班同学聚会

a family reunion 家人团聚

hang out:

1. (infml; used mainly in AmE) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not doing very much

- I often hung out in coffee bars while I was unemployed.

- We can just hang out and have a good time.

- That’s the corner where all the kids hang out.

2. hang clothes on a piece of string outside in order to dry them

- I was worried that I had no time to hang out my washing.

- What a pain! —It’s raining and I’ve just hung the washing out.

Collocation:

hang about / around （在…）闲逛

hang on （打电话时用语）不挂断；坚持下去

hang over 挂在…上；笼罩，威胁

hang up 挂断电话；搁置，拖延

Put into each gap one of the above phrases. Change the form where necessary.

1. I was so angry that I hung up on her.

2. I’m afraid that the line is busy. Would you like to hang on?

3. The danger of war hung over Europe for 21 years.

4. Don’t hang about / around. We have a train to catch!

(every) now and then:(every) now and again; sometimes; at times

- Every now and then I have a desire to quit my tedious job.

- I still see Jane for lunch every now and then, but not as often as I used to.

Collocation:

now and again 不时地

now or never 勿失良机

NB:

表示“偶尔、有时”的词和短语：

1. at times 5. from time to time

2. (every) now and then 6. sometimes

3. (every) now and again 7. on occasion

4. (every) once in a while 8. occasionally

mostly:adv. almost all; generally

- They have invested their money mostly in expensive real estate.

- The guests at the wedding party are mostly friends of the bride.

awful: adj. (used to add force) very great; very bad or unpleasant

- I have got an awful lot of work to do.

- I can’t bear the awful smell of cigarette smoke.

choke up:become too upset to speak

- Losing my job left me completely choked up.

- When he learned the news of his friend’s sudden death, he was so choked up that he couldn’t say a thing.

skip:vt. pass from (one point, etc.) to another, disregarding or failing to act on what comes between

- 报纸读者可以选择自己感兴趣的新闻,略过自己认为是枯燥的或无关的消息。(A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and skip what he thinks is boring or irrelevant. )

- The teac her said: “First skim the text to obtain a general impression of it. Then scan the first three paragraphs and locate the birth dates of the main characters. And as time is limited, we will have to skip some of the exercises.”

right away:at once

- Tom has got a high fever; he should go and see a doctor right away.

- I wrote him a letter and posted it right away.

NB:

表示“立即、马上”的词和短语：

1. at once 5. promptly

2. directly 6. right away

3. immediately 7. straight away

4. instantly

After Reading >> Useful Expressions

完全沉浸于be completely lost in

引起…的注意get sb.’s attention

坐进后座settle into the back seat

得了感冒什么的have a cold or something

不着急in no hurry

接着，继续go ahead

记住了，能背出来know sth. by heart

家书抵万金。Letters from home always mean a lot.

老是在外旅行be on the road so much

不大会…not much of a hand at …

保持通信往来keep up correspondence

从小学一直到高中all the way through both grade and high school

老街坊an old neighborhood

沉默in silence

失去联系lose touch

老同学聚会 a class reunion

时间不饶人。Time goes by.

在一起闲逛hang out on the same corner

点头称是nod in agreement

在远处in the distance

After Reading >> Sentence Translation

1. I hadn’t seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood.

(近25到30年来，我跟他一年只见一两次面，因为我从原来住的老街坊搬了出来。)

2. But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: “I should have kept in touch. Yes,” he repeated, “I should have kept in touch.”

(可我知道他还在想着老埃德。他又开口时，与其说是跟我说话，还不如说是自言自语：“我真该一直保持联系。真的，”他重复道，“我真该一直保持联系。”)

3. Of course there’d be always a note we’d each add to the cards ─usually some news about our families, you know, what the kids were doing, who moved where, a new grandchild, things like that ─but never a real letter or anything like that.

(当然，我俩都总在卡上写几句——通常是关于各自家里的情况，不是吗，孩子们在干些什么，谁搬到哪儿，添了个小孙子，都是这类事——可一直都没正儿八经地写过信什么的。)

4. 早就想写信了，可就是一拖再拖。

(I’ve been meaning to write for some time, but I’ve always postponed it.)

5. 比如说，每次我去参加老同学聚会，来的人总是越来越少。

(Every time I go to a class reunion, for example, there are fewer and fewer still around.)

6. 你多年的友谊对我非常重要，远比我能说出来的重要得多，因为我不擅长说这样的话。

(Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I’m not good at saying things like that.)

7. 他神情有点悲伤，似乎想看清远处什么东西。“我想我真该早些写这封信。”

(He looked sort of sorrowful, or as if he were trying to see something in the distance. “I guess I should have written it sooner.”)

After Reading >> Writing Style

1. Find out sentences from Text A similar in meaning to those given below.

1) Go on reading your letter. (Go ahead and finish your letter.)

2) I’m not used to writing letters. (I’m not much of a hand at writing.)

3) We were friends since our childhood. So our friendship has a long history. (We were kids together, so we go way back.)

4) For one reason or another you lose touch even though you never forget. (You kind of lose touch even though you never forget.)

5) It is painful to lose any friend. (It’s no fun to lose any friend.)

2. Try to make the following sentences complete.

1) From a child or maybe a grandchild? (Is the letter from a child or maybe a grandchild? )

2) Went to school together? (Did you go to school together?)

3) Died a couple of weeks ago. (He died a couple of weeks ago.)

4) Enjoyed talking with you. (I’ve enjoyed talking with you.)

3. What characteristics do the sentences from the text share?

(They are very colloquial.)

4.Say something about the differences between spoken English and written English.

(Most of this text is actually a re-creation of the conversation between a taxi driver and the narrator. Therefore it provides ample examples of how English is spoken in daily life by native speakers.

In spoken English sentences tend to be short and simple. Some sentences are incomplete.

Besides, some words or phrases do not usually find their way into written English, for example, sort of, kind of, you know, I think, I guess, I take it, well, go ahead, hang out, it’s no fun to do sth., not much of a hand at doing sth., a couple of, every now and then, an awful lot, etc. )

After Reading >> Listening Comprehension

Difficult words and phrases:

interview, jealous, forgive, fault, mood, an essential part, fulfill, tremendous satisfaction, male and female, spiritually

Script:

What does friendship mean to you?

Mr. Brooks is being interviewed on the subject of friendship.

Mr. Brooks :

I consider friendship to be one of the most important things in life. They say “a friend in need is

a friend indeed”. That’s partly true. But a real friend should also be able to share your happy

moments — without feeling jealous. A good friendship is one where you accept and forgive faults, understand moods, and don’t feel hurt if a friend doesn’t feel like seeing you. Of course, honesty is an essential part of any relationship. We should learn to accept our friends for what they are.

Reporter:

As a married man, do you find your friendships are only with other men?

Mr. Brooks :

Of course not! Both my wife and I have men and women friends. Although family life is fulfilled, it isn’t enough! Both my wife and I get tremendous satisfaction from our friends, married and single, male and female — and we both have our separate friends too.

Reporter:

You must have a full life!

Mr. Brooks :

We certainly do! And as I say, our friends give us a lot of pleasure. After all, friends should not be people with whom you kill time. Real friendship, in my opinion, is a “spiritually developing” experience.

After Reading >> Discussion

1. The texts in this unit are about friendship. Decide which of the following statements you agree or disagree with.

- Real friends are always of the same sex.

- Childhood friendship rarely lasts into adulthood.

- Time and distance can never alter real friendship.

2. Write down two names: a childhood friend you still remember and a close friend now. How similar or different are your relationships with each one?

After Reading >> Writing Practice

I. A Brief Introduction

i. How to Write Personal Letters?

Personal letters, such as letters to your family and friends, are often written more like conversations.

You can write a letter to thank someone, share family and school news, pass on interesting information, describe what has been happening, or communicate humorous stories.

If you have friends or family who live a distance from you, why not write them a letter to keep in touch? Even if they live close by, a letter is a special way of showing you are thinking about them.

You can format a personal letter any way you like, but there are a few important elements that you need to include, such as:

- Date — the date you are writing the letter

- Greeting — say hello to the person you are writing to

- Content — why you are writing, news and information

- Closing — the way you end your letter

- Signature — sign your name to make it personal and friendly

- P.S. — postscript. You can use a P.S. to add something at the end of the letter that you forgot to say earlier. A P.S. always comes at the bottom of the letter, below your

signature.

ii. Ideas for Writing Your Personal Letter

- Are you stuck for ideas about what to talk about in a letter? Here are some tips for you.

- Talk about family birthdays, special events, trips you’ve been on.

- Share funny stories about your pets.

- Talk about your new computer game, CD or DVD.

- Wish someone a Happy Birthday.

- Write some news about school — your teacher, your friend, special visitors and activities.

- Write about what’s happening in your city.

- Talk about a great book you’ve read, or an exciting film you’ve seen.

- Ask questions to find out what they’ve been doing and what interests them.

II. Sample Letters

III. Homework

You and your best friend Ming went to different universities after graduation from high school. Write a letter to Ming. Ask about his university life and write some news about your campus life. Also discuss about how to spend the coming National Day holiday.

Reference:

Sep. 17, 2009

Dear Ming,

It feels like such a long time since the last time I saw you. I know it’s only been several weeks, but I miss you so much. Life’s just not that much fu n without you. At least we can still write letters to each other!

Do you like your new school? Is it beautiful? Have you made any new friend yet? Have you got any military training? Have you seen any good movie lately? How are you going with that computer game I gave you? Have you beaten my record yet? I bet you can’t! I’m so eager to know about your life in Beijing. Just tell me!

As for me, I am quite busy these days with the English speech contest sponsored by the campus English Association. I have won th e first round of the contest, and I’m going to compete against eleven other speakers in the second round. Only three of us can enter the final round. The competition is so fierce! I am enjoying it so far.

The National Day holiday is coming. How are you going to spend this week-long holiday? Will you come back to Nanjing? In fact, I am planning to spend my vacation here. And I am looking forward to seeing you. I am excited to share with you my university life.

I can’t wait for the holidays. Let me know when you will be back. Write back soon okay?

Yours,

Hua P.S. What do you want for your birthday? Make sure it’s something I can post or you’ll have to wait for the holidays.

After Reading >> Talk about the Pictures

(略)

After Reading >> Proverbs and Quotations

1. A friend in court is better than a penny in purse. (与其囊中有钱, 不如朝中有人。)

2. A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难之交, 才是真朋友。)

3. A friend to all is a friend to none. (滥交者无友。)

4. Between friends all is common. (朋友之间不分彼此。)

5. False friends are worse than open enemies. (虚伪的朋友比公开的敌人更坏。)

6. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing.

— Benjamin Franklin, American statesman (选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎。

——美国政治家 B. 富兰克林)

Supplementary Reading >> Culture Notes

I. Rainbow — the Famous Australian Town

Rainbow is a town in northwest Victoria, Australia, 400 kilometers from Melbourne. At the 2006 census, Rainbow had a population of 650. In 1898 a railway line was extended to a projected town site, Rainbow Rise, named after a sand mound (沙丘) covered with wild flowers in the shape of a rainbow. The town serves a large area focused largely on farming. Travelling down the main street of Rainbow, with its attractive street and palm trees, one gets the feeling that little has changed in the town in the last 40 or 50 years.

II. Burn off the Weeds

Burning off weeds can be an excellent method of controlling large areas of weed growth, on vacant or rural land. It can be dangerous though if not done properly and under the right weather conditions. Before you burn, check with local regulations to make certain it is legal in your area. Never use fire on windy or very hot days. Never burn more than you can control easily with manpower and water available. Mow fire breaks before commencing a large burn to confine the operation to a series of small burns. Wear full clothing (e.g. firm boots, overalls and a hat); and have a first aid kit on hand. Above all, check with the local fire brigade before burning.

Supplementary Reading >> Reading

I. Difficult Sentences

1.The fire bit at Bill’s arms, face and legs, but he tightened his grip on Royce. “I’m not leaving you here,” he said. (Para. 11)

Translate the sentences into Chinese.

(火舌舔着比尔的手臂、脸和双腿，但他紧紧地抓住罗伊斯。“我不会把你丢弃在这儿的，”他说道。)

2.A lifetime spent around the tough people who make their home in the Australian bush had permanently fixed into Bill’s soul two principles: never give up no matter how bad the odds and never let a friend down. (Para. 16)

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(一辈子与居住在澳大利亚灌木地带的那些刚强的硬汉一起生活的人生经历，将两条准则永久地铭刻在比尔心头：无论多么艰难，决不泄气，决不抛弃朋友。)

3.If I don’t make it, Royce will die out there, he told himself over and over. (Para. 16)

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(如果我不能挺住的话，罗伊斯就会死在那里，比尔一次又一次地告诫自己。)

4.But the real highlight for Bill came six months after the fire, when Royce, just out of hospital,

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全大学英语综合教程第二版课题答案全集

【一】全新版大学英语综合教程1课后题 Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ.1. …down back and on in 2. been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. the command the soldiers opened fire. bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. , rigid, to inspire tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas , career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ. violating Ⅲ. , in upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ. Cloze 1. back

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1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

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Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.

B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit1

Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。

大学英语综合教程答案

Unit 1 Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness 1. Text A amaze bunch bundle capacity commerce conquer display drop roast rob style symbol vague figure Text B appreciate participate shift slip 1)My neighbours are a friendly bunch of people. 2)Dave amazed his friends by leaving a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3)The employees in this company work an eight-hour shift . 4)The professor came to the classroom with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. 5)A passenger asked the driver: “Could you drop me off near the post office? I'd like to post a letter.” 6)The little girl's capacity for learning languages astonished me. 7)How many countries will be participating in the Olympic Games? 8)I like the typically French style of living. It is so romantic. 9)They have made their fortunes from industry and commerce . 10)They threatened to shoot him and rob him of all his possessions.

全新版大学英语综合教程教案

Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration：10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before

新编大学英语1综合教程练习unit 8

UNIT 8 COPING WITH AN EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM I.I. Key words & phrases ability accumulate acquire adequate affect astonish compete complex decline faculty function handful humble idle ignorant jam luxury miracle portable scare slice suggestion swear upset better off break down compete with in amazement make a living by run out of search for sum up Additional Vocabulary scholarship 奖学金 this year’s graduate 应届毕业生 golden collar worker 金领工人 net capital 净资本 academic credit system 学分制 like water off duck’s back 把…当耳边风 netter 网虫 bullet train 子弹头列车 quality of population 人口素质 heuristic education 启发式教育 teach through lively activities 寓教于乐 emeritus professor 名誉教授 degrade oneself 掉（身价） stamp the card 打卡 WAP phone 上网手机 excessive consumption 提前消费 top student 高材生 inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才 human capital 人力资本 intensive training class 强化班 alleviate burdens on students 减负 online love affair 网恋 magnet train 磁悬列车