Unit 10 Reflections on Life新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

Unit 10 Reflections on Life

A Diary of the Century

How do I feel upon becoming 50 years old? Surprised. Surprised that I should live so long. Surprised that it should seem so short. Surprised that I am not famous. Surprised that I should be surprised because I am not famous.

All my life I have been motivated by curiosity. I wonder why? My mother wasn't curious. Although my grandfather died before I was born, judging from what I've heard about him, read about him, and from the books he left, I think it is possible that I inherited my curiosity from him. Born in England of Welsh parents, he came to America alone when he was only 16 years old.

At the age of 50 my mind is better than ever—surprise, surprise! I can concentrate with the intensity of a beam of sunshine focused through a magnifying glass. Guilt and passion distract my attention far less frequently. Slowly I begin to perceive the relationships among everything I have experienced and read. My analyses and judgments seem sounder than before. My curiosity burns brighter. Problems once mysterious now seem obvious.

And yet—! Every new answer breeds a dozen new questions. What I know, compared with what I do not know, is like a grain of sand by the sea. I am not sure whether there is anything absolute. While I believe I am alive, I am unable to say exactly what this phrase means. Maybe the atoms that make up my body now existed before I was born, and maybe they will continue to exist after I die.

A few people consider me egotistical. Actually, I am humble. I was lucky to have been born with a fairly good mind, and I have spent years polishing this instrument I inherited. I'll admit I become impatient when confronted with ignorance. However, I know my limitations even better than my capabilities. At times I feel discouraged by my own ignorance.

I can find no meaning in life. I believe that the individual life can be filled with meaning only through love and work of one's choice. My wife is a more valuable person than I because she has an infinite capacity for loving others. She is a genius at loving. I am a genius at nothing. When she dies an ocean of tears will flow. I admire her without envying her.

When I was a boy of 14 I knew I wanted to become a reporter and then an author. Well, now I am an experienced reporter and next fall my first book will be published. The fact that I say first proves that I am optimistic about my career. I believe that the next

decade of my life will become the most fruitful one. Perhaps my only really valuable creation is this diary.

My 10 months of psychoanalysis have helped me learn how to forgive myself. I'm more at peace with myself now than at any time in the past. Nevertheless, I'm aware I haven't identified all my psychological conflicts, let alone resolved them. Bertrand Russell says there are three major conflicts: 1) Man against his environment; 2) man against man;

3) man against himself. In my opinion, the conflict of man with himself is the most troublesome.

Carved on the temple of Delphi was "Know thyself." I think I know myself better than most people because I spend more time studying myself than anything else. A diarist is a writer who watches himself. If I can learn to know myself well, then I'll be able to know others as well.

Human beings are more alike than different. By paying close attention to whatever I feel and think, I can learn what others feel and think. Fortunately, it is the differences among people that make them interesting.

Now that I've got rid of much of my guilt, now that I am less rigid about what I expect from myself, I get along better with others because I expect less from them, too. Life hurts. For years I've realized I'm an eccentric, without understanding exactly what I meant by this word. Now I know: An eccentric is one who insists upon being himself regardless of the opinion of others, provided he does not hurt them or himself. If everyone in the world were as eccentric, meaning if everyone accepted himself, there would be no more war.

Now that I have lived a half-century, do I have any regrets? Sure, I regret that I was slow to mature. I regret that I did not become a psychoanalyst. Although I am not sorry I decided to become a journalist, I wish that early on I had chosen to become a therapist. Why? Because nothing interests me more than human nature.

We are left with two frontiers. One is outer space. The other is inner space. While I lack the interest and ability to probe outer space, I'm rather well equipped to probe the mysteries of the human mind. But will I be able to communicate them to others?

My brother, an inventor with several patents, is perhaps the world's leading expert about shock absorbers. But he and I cannot communicate about them. I have no technical knowledge of his specialty. He cannot explain it in simple language. This is an example of the failure of communication between the specialist and the layman. This breakdown is spreading. It is as though nerve endings had lost touch with one another. For lack of communication we may come to the end of civilization.

世纪日记

想想自己年已五十，感觉会如何？惊奇。对自己活了那么久感到惊奇，对五十年一晃而过感到惊奇，对自己仍旧默默无闻感到惊奇，对惊异于自己的默默无闻感到惊奇。

我这一生，求知欲一直促动着我。我也不知道为什么这样，因为我的母亲求知欲并不强。虽然我出生前外祖父就已经过世，但是从别人的谈论里，还有看到的关于他的故事，以及他留下来的书籍，我可以断定，我的求知欲有可能是从他那里遗传来的。外祖父出生在英国，父母都是威尔士人，他年仅十六岁就独自闯荡到美国。

五十岁时，我的脑子比从前更好使，奇怪啊，真是太奇怪了！我可以注意力非常集中，其强度就好像用放大镜聚焦一束太阳光一样。因为歉疚或热情导致的分心远远不如以前那么频繁了。渐渐地，我对自己经历过或阅读过的万物之间的关系也能开始理解了，分析和判断力也较以前更准确了，同时我的求知欲更强，曾经令人迷惑的问题也豁然开朗起来。

但是，每个新的答案又会产生大量新问题，我们知道的知识和不知道的相比，简直就是沧海一粟。我没法确定世上有什么是绝对的，即便我相信自己还活着，但“活着”是什么意思，我也说不清。那些组成我身体的原子在我出生前就存在，在我死后也同样会继续存在。

有些人会认为我很自我，其实不然，我是很谦卑的。我运气还算不错，出生时智力不错，这么多年来，我一直在磨练这项遗传来的工具。我承认，面对无知时我总是焦躁不安，但是，我了解自己的缺点更甚于对自己能力的了解。有时候，我会对自己的无知丧气。

我找不到生活的意义。我相信，只有通过表现爱心和选择自己的工作才能体现个人的生命意义所在。我的妻子就比我更有价值，因为她对他热门的关爱是无尽的，在这方面，她是天才。可是我却一无所长。以后她如果去世了，会有万千眼泪为她而流，我会因此而崇拜她，而不是嫉妒她。

当我还是个14岁的孩子时，就像日后当名记者，继而成为一名作家。现在我已经是名资深记者，我的第一本书也将于明年秋出版。我说第一本书，是表明我对自己的事业前景非常乐观。我相信未来十年是我最多产的一段时间，可能我真正为一有价值的作品就是这本日记。

十个月的心理分析帮我学会了如何体谅自己，我比以前任何时候都对自己更心平气和。但是，我意识到我还没有完全弄清自己的心理矛盾，更别说解决这些矛盾了。波特兰·罗素曾经说过有三种主要矛盾：1 人与环境，2 人与人，3 人与自己。在我看来，最后一对矛盾才是最棘手的。

特尔斐神庙上刻着“认识你自己”。我想我比其它人更了解自己，因为我花在研究自己的时间要比花在别的事情上的时间要多。日记作家是个观察自己的作家。如果我能学会很好的了解自己，就可以更好地了解他人。

人与人的相同之处要多与相异之处。多加注意的自己的感觉和想法，我就可以学会了解别人的感觉和想法。幸运的是，正式人们之间的差异使得人们非常有趣。

因为我摆脱了很多愧疚感，对自己的期望野没有那么苛刻了，我何人相处时，也更融洽了，因为我对他们的期望也相对降低了。生活是痛苦。多年来，我一直认为自己比较乖僻，其实这两个字确切的意思我自己也不太明白。但现在我明白了：一个人乖僻指的是只要不伤害到别人和自己，就坚持己见，不在乎他人的想法。如果世界上人人都这样乖僻，就是说，每个人都接受自己的话，那就不会有战争了。

我已经50岁了，还有什么遗憾吗？那是当然。我很后悔自己成熟得那么晚。我后悔自己没能当一名精神分析专家。这倒不是说后悔当初决定当记者，但我还是希望我当时学则木讷当一名精神分析治疗师。为什么呢？因为我对人性最感兴趣。

有两个领域还需探究。一是外空，另一个是人的内心。对于研究外层空间，我是既没兴趣也没有能力，但是，对于研究人的心灵奥秘，我还是很在行的。但是我没有能力将这些和他人交流吗？

我的兄弟是个发明家，拥有几项专利。他或许是世界上减震器方面最优秀的专家，但是我和他就无法就这个专业进行交流。我不懂他这个领域的技术知识，而他又不能三言两语解释得清楚。这就是一个专家和外行交流失败的例子。这种失败正在扩大。正如神经末梢失去了联系。如果人们自己缺乏交流，人类文明将面临终结。

Age and Youth

On my last birthday I was ninety-three years old. That is not young, of course. In fact, it is older than ninety. But age is a relative matter. If you continue to work and to absorb the beauty in the world about you, you find that age does not necessarily mean getting old. At least, not in the ordinary sense. I feel many things more intensely than ever before, and for me life grows more fascinating.

Not long ago my friend Sasha brought me a letter addressed to me by a group of musicians in the Caucasus Mountains. This was the text of the letter:

Dear Honourable Maestro—

I have the pleasure on behalf of the Georgian Caucasian Orchestra to invite you to conduct one of our concerts. You will be the first musician of your age who receives the distinction of conducting our orchestra.

Never in the history of our orchestra have we permitted a man under one hundred years to conduct. All of the members of our orchestra are over one hundred years old. But we have heard of your talents as a conductor, and we feel that, despite your youthfulness, an exception should be made in your case.

We expect a favourable response as soon as possible.

We pay travel expenses and of course shall provide living accommodations during

your stay with us.

Respectfully,

Astan Shlarba

President, 123 years old

Sasha is a man with a sense of humour; he likes to play a joke. That letter was one of his jokes; he had written it himself. But I must admit I took it seriously at first. And why? Because it did not seem to me unbelievable that there should be an orchestra composed of musicians older than a hundred. And, indeed, I was right! That portion of the letter was not a joke. Sasha had read about it in the newspaper. He showed me the article, with photographs of the orchestra. There is such an orchestra in the Caucasus. All of its members were more than a hundred years old. There were about thirty of them—they rehearse regularly and give periodic concerts. Most of them are farmers who continue to work in the fields. The oldest of the group, Astan Shlarba, is a tobacco grower who also trains horses. They are splendid-looking men, obviously full of vitality. I should like to hear them play sometime—and, in fact, to conduct them, if the opportunity arose. Of course I am not sure they would permit this, in view of my inadequate age.

There is something to be learned from jokes, and it was so in this case. In spite of their age, those musicians have not lost their zest for life. How does one explain this? I do not think the answer lies simply in their physical constitutions or in something unique about the climate in which they live. It has to do with their attitude toward life; and I believe that their ability to work is largely due to the fact that they do work. Work helps prevent one from getting old. I, for one, cannot dream of retiring. Not now or ever. Retire? The word is alien and the idea inconceivable to me. I don't believe in retirement for anyone in my type of work, not while the spirit remains. My work is my life. I cannot think of one without the other. To "retire" means to me to begin to die. The man who works and is never bored is never old. Work and interest in worthwhile things are the best remedy for age. Each day I am reborn. Each day I must begin again.

For the past eighty years I have started each day in the same manner. It is not a mechanical routine but something essential to my daily life. I go to the piano, and I play two preludes and fugues of Bach. I cannot think of doing otherwise. It is sort of a benediction on the house. But that is not its only meaning for me. It is a rediscovery of the world of which I have the job of being a part. It fills me with awareness of the wonder of life, with a feeling of the incredible marvel of being a human being. The music is never the same for me. Each day it is something new, fantastic and unbelievable. That is Bach, like nature, a miracle.

I do not think a day passes in my life in which I fail to look with fresh amazement at the miracle of nature. It is there on every side. It can be simply a shadow on a mountainside, or a spider's web gleaming with dew, or sunlight on the leaves of a tree. I have always especially loved the sea. Whenever possible, I have lived by the sea. It has long been a custom of mine to walk along the beach each morning before I start work. True, my walks are shorter than they used to be, but that does not lessen the wonder of the sea. How mysterious and beautiful is the sea! How infinitely variable! It is never the same, never, not from one moment to the next, always in the process of change, always becoming something different and new.

年老和年轻

上次生日我93岁，这个岁数当然不小了，实际上，已经90多了。但是，年龄是相对的。如果你一直工作，吸取世界的美好，你会发现，年老并不一定意味着衰老，至少不是寻常意义上的衰老。比起从前，我现在对很多事情的感悟深入多了，对我来说，生活越来越精彩。

不久前，我的朋友萨沙带给我一封信，是住在高加索山脉的一群音乐家写给我的，内容如下：

尊敬的大师阁下：

我有幸代表格鲁吉亚高加索管弦乐团邀请您为我们指挥一场音乐会。您将成为同龄人中第一个指挥我们乐团的音乐家。

在我团历史上，还从未允许过不到百岁的人出任指挥，所有的成员必须年满100。但是，我们对您指挥上的天赋有所耳闻，虽然我们感觉您太年轻，还是决定为您破一次例。

我们期盼您能尽快给予肯定答复。

我们会支付差旅费，当然我们还会提供您在这里的食宿。

阿斯顿·施拉伯

团长，123岁

萨拉很有幽默感，爱开玩笑，这封由他杜撰的信就是一个例子。不过我得承认，一开始，我还真当真了。为什么呢？因为在我看来，一个由百岁老人组成的乐团也不是不可信的。事实上，我是对的。信里那部份内容不是玩笑话。萨拉就曾经在报纸上看到过这个报导。他还给我也看过那篇文章，还附有乐团的照片。高加索地区的确有一个这样的乐团，一共三十多个成员都年过百岁。他们定期排练，定期举办音乐会。他们中大多数人是农民，还在田间耕作。团里最年长的是阿斯顿·施拉伯，他是种植烟草的，同时还驯养马匹。这些老人都神采奕奕，充满活力。我很想听他们演奏，事实上，如果有机会的话，我也想为他们指挥。当然，我不是很确定他们是否允许我这么做，因为我的年龄不够。

从玩笑里也可以学到点什么，这件事也的却如此。虽然年事已高，这些音乐家并没有失

去对生活的热情。这该怎么解释呢？我认为这不是简单地归结于他们身体好，或者他们居住的地方气候独特，这与他们的生活态度有关，我坚信，他们的工作能力在很大程度上取决于他们还在工作这个事实。工作可以防止衰老。比如我就不会想着退休。现在不会，永远也不会。退休？这个词很陌生，这个念头也是我无法想象的。做我们这一行的，只要精神尚存，我就不相信退休这一说。工作就是我的生命。我无法想象将二者分离。对我来说，退休就等于走向死亡。一个人如果工作并且从不厌倦工作的人是不会老的。治疗衰老的最佳方法就是工作，并却对有意义的事情保持兴趣。每天我都会新生，每天我都必须重新开始来过。

在过去的八十年里，我每天都是以同一种方式开始的。这不是机械的理性生活，而是对我日常生活非常重要的一点。我走到钢琴边，演奏两首巴赫的序曲和几首赋格曲。除此之外，我想不出我能怎样开始我的一天。这对我的家来说也算是种祝福。但对我来说，意义远非如此。它是我对这世界的重新认识，而我的工作就是要成为这世界的一部分。它使我领悟到生活的精彩，让我体会到做为人类是多么不可思议的美妙。这几只曲子对我来说是绝对不一样的，每天都是崭新的、奇妙的。这就是巴赫的音乐，如同大自然，就是个奇迹。

生命中的每一天，我都是充满惊异地观察大自然的奇迹。这种奇迹充满每个角落。它可能仅仅是个山坡的阴影，可能是闪烁着露珠光泽的蜘蛛网，也可能是树叶上的阳光。我特别喜欢大海。只要可能，我就住在海边，每天早上工作之前沿着沙滩散步已经成为我多年的习惯。不错，现在我散步的距离可比从前短些了，但是大海的魅力并没有减少。大海真是太神秘、太美丽、太变幻无穷了。它从来都不会保持一致，每分每秒都处于变换当中，时刻变化。

Let the Questions In

I have a friend whose whole life plan consists of keeping questions at bay. "Keep yourself surrounded by sound," Ed says. "Always keep moving."

When he is driving, he keeps the radio on in his car. When he walks in the house (he lives alone), he turns on the radio or the television. He never allows himself to be alone with himself.

Drumming fingers on the windowpane, it's as if he senses a presence at the window. He doesn't like to go out into the country. He avoids the mountains, the wind, the quiet fields. They make him nervous. He likes to keep busy.

A strange thing about life in America—it often seems designed to block our questioning. It's so busy, it can rush us into death before we've ever had a chance to stop and think. We might never really stop to ask, "Why?"

"Life," Blaise Pascal wrote in an earlier era, "is a search for continual diversion." That is, for distraction, for keeping the mind occupied with superficial things, for keeping out the voices.

Which voices? The voices that ask questions.

What am I doing on this planet, with the hot sun resting on my face, the wind blowing through my hair? Where am I going? What am I trying to accomplish with my life? Why am I here?

Human beings are thinking, question-asking animals. We cannot live like cats or dogs. We keep asking ourselves that simple question, "Why?"

The questioning impulse in us is our deepest instinct. It is deeper even than the hunger for food. Deeper than the drive to sleep. This instinct to ask questions keeps intruding even during sleep.

More than anything else, to live, you must pay attention to such questions and form some satisfactory answers to them. To truly live is to take charge of your liberties and decide what you intend to do with the short span of years that you are given.

Bill, another friend of mine, was giving a lecture in Wisconsin some time ago in one of those little rural towns that hosts a branch of the state university. He went for a walk across the late October fields, just to be alone.

Geese were flying against the gray clouds overhead. He could see his breath, it was so cold, and his feet crunched the frostbitten earth. Rows of cornstalks lay withering as far as his eye could see, out to the woods.

As dusk gathered in the dark shadows, my friend suddenly saw the story line of his life—the way he had been living—saw it as if it belonged to someone else, and he didn't like it. He felt autumn dying all around him.

Bill knew he needed a new start. In which direction, he didn't yet know. When he got back to his motel room to prepare his lecture, his heart was pounding. He has never forgotten that walk in the fields, where in the silence, a question awakened him.

If that question had not arisen, he says, he might still be where he was. It makes him shudder.

Moments of questioning creep up on us. They are rare. We need to seize them. At such moments, a person may fix a goal, plot a course, or determine a whole life. Some thinkers call these defining moments—times when we fill our whole lives with meaning, purpose, goals. The times when we take charge and don't merely drift with the tide. We all have such moments. Presidential candidates certainly have had them. We all have.

William Wordsworth wrote of them:

Not for these I raise

The song of thanks and praise;

But for those obstinate questionings

Of sense of outward things,

Failings from us, vanishings ...

Even my friend Ed—who keeps perpetually busy, perpetually surrounded by sound—has such moments.

His answer, his decision, is just to keep moving, just to keep himself in sound, to drive out the questions.

"The unexamined life is not worth living," Socrates wrote some 23 centuries ago. That is a harsh judgment on my friend and on all of us.

Often we do not allow the questions to rise up to full height and meet us. We keep too busy to allow ourselves to take that long valuable look down the years—backward maybe, forward certainly.

I have often found that air travel is the best time for doing that. It may not seem that I am doing anything. My mind isn't exactly "working." And yet, in fact, the wonder of being alive sweeps over me. And its fragility. And the beauty of it. And the need to concentrate my energies.

In any case, I always feel a sense of thankfulness, since to "ex-sist" (to stand forth out of nothingness, as the Latin roots of the word suggest) is to be receiving a moment-by-moment gift from God.

Your own views, though, may be less religious.

However diverse our perspectives, such moments of reflection have become too rare today. And yet the need to take charge of our fleeting lives—to decide who we will be and what we will try to do—is just as pressing as it ever was for Socrates and for all those others who have preceded us.

Take the time to let the questions in, an old priest once counseled me. I took his advice and never regretted that I did.

别把问题拒于门外

我有一个朋友，他的人生计划中包括一项：不断逃避问题。“让声音一直萦绕你”，埃德说过，“让自己一直动起来。”

他开车时，这里的收音机一直开着。在房里走来走去时（他独居），也开着收音机或电视机。他从不让自己独自呆着。

他用手指敲打窗子，就好像感觉到窗外有什么东西在一样。他不喜欢去农村，避开山峦，清风和沉寂的田野。这些都让他紧张，因为他喜欢忙碌。

美国人的生活里存在着一件奇怪的事——好像一切都设计好了，不让我们产生质疑。生活太忙碌，在我们还没机会停下思考一下，我们已经匆匆走到了死亡。我们可能从来就没有

停下来问过“为什么”。

很久以前，布雷兹·帕斯卡曾经说过：“生活，就是不断地寻求娱乐。”也就是不断地追求轻松的东西，让大脑里充满肤浅的东西，听不到任何声音。

哪些声音呢？就是问问题的声音。

在这个星球上，头顶太阳和微风，我到底在做什么？我要去哪儿？我这一生要做些什么？为什么我会在这里？

人类是会思考，会提出问题的动物。我们可不能像猫和狗那样生活，我们得不断地问自己那些简单的问题：“为什么”？

提问的冲动是我们内心最深处的一个本能。甚至比饥饿时需要食物，瞌睡时需要睡眠更强烈。即使在睡眠状态，这种提问的本能也会闯进大脑。

要想生存，就必须对这类问题特别注意，还得形成令人满意的答案，这才是最重要的。真正的生活是要掌握自由，决定在短暂的一生里要做什么。

我另一个朋友比尔前段时间在威斯康星州作报告，在州立大学分部所在的一个农村小镇。那时已是十月底了，他散步穿过田野，只为了静静呆着。

天鹅从头顶飞过，身后的云层灰蒙蒙的。天很冷，可以看到自己呵出来的气。他的脚踩在冻硬的地面，发出吱吱的声音，目光所到之处都是成排的玉米梗，枯萎了，一直延伸到远处的树林。

墨色越来越浓，我的朋友突然看到了他生活的进程，他一直以来的生活方式。看上去，它似乎属于别人，而且他本人也不喜欢。他感觉秋天就在他身边渐渐消逝。

比尔知道他需要一个新的开端，虽然他不清楚到底在何方。等他返回旅店房间准备演讲时，心海一直怦怦跳。他永远不会忘记田野里的散步，寂静中，有一个问题唤醒了他。

他说，如果当时那个问题没有出现，那他现在还是和以前一样地生活，这简直让他战栗。

片刻的反思有时悄然而至，但是它们很少出现，所以我们要抓住它们。在这个瞬间，人们可能会确定目标，会规划发展方向，也可能决定整个人生。有些思想家把这些时刻叫做关键时刻——是我们让生活充满意义，目的和目标的时刻，是我们担负责任，不随波逐流的时刻。每个人都会经历这种时刻。总统候选人肯定有过。我们也都曾经有过。

威廉·华兹华斯就这个写过一首诗：

赞美和感激的歌

不是为它们而作

而是为了执着的反思

对外界事物的感知的反思

对自己所说所想的一切正在消失的世界的反思

就算是我的朋友埃德也有过这样的时刻，虽然他是个永远忙碌，永远被声音包围的人。

他的回答和决定就是让自己一直处于忙碌，处于声音里，好赶走那些疑问。

苏格拉底在大约2300年前说过：“未验证的生活不值得去过”。对我和我的这些朋友而

来，这是个很严厉的评判。

通常，我们根本不让那些问题完全冒出来，以至于要去面对。我们都太忙，根本不允许花费宝贵的时间去久久审视过去的光阴——或许偶尔回头看看，可是完全不可能展望未来。

我常常觉得坐飞机的时候是反思的绝佳时机。看上去，我似乎什么也没干，脑子没有工作，可是，我感受到了生命的奇妙、脆弱和美好。同时也感受到集中精力的必要性。

无论如何，我总是满怀感激之情，因为“存在”（它的词根是拉丁语，意思是“从虚无中产生”）就是时刻从上帝那里接受礼物。

不过，你自己的看法也许宗教意味没那么强。

人与人的观点差异固然大，但是这样反思的瞬间已经越来越少见了。但是我们需要迫切掌握匆匆流逝的生命，决定我们想做什么样的人，想努力做什么事。这点上，苏格拉底以及所有的前人，和我们是一致的。

一位老教士曾经建议我多花点时间想想问题。我听了他的话，而且从不后悔自己这样做。

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Music to Your Gears Andy Ellis 1 尽管音乐能使心中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，持续大音量地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的，尤其是处于车流中或是在高速公路上开车时。 2 音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏使人莽撞驾驶，而聆听处于另一个极端的优美而令人舒心的音乐会使司机过分放松，以至于超过安全限度，陷入迷糊状态。 3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究重大车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现，17至25年龄段的男性是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70％的开车时间都在听音乐。 4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗，开起车来冲劲十足。这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。 5 在试验中，那些自愿参加实验的司机说，听了声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快车，但的确发现自己换挡更快，加速更快，刹车也更急了若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们承认自己经常走神。在一次高速公路长途驾驶过程中，至少有两位参加试验的司机发现自己在不知不觉中跨越了车道标志。 6 这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题18岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会：“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐有可能让人送命。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。” 7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听“ZZ顶级”乐队最流行的曲子。他说：“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门唱歌，没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。” 8 还有些人说：“我陷入了深思……”，“人的感觉会变得麻木……”，“听不见别的汽车声是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。” 9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发阿尔法脑波，使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数时候对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利·费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是疲倦驾驶。有一些音乐会使你无法集中注意力，甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。” 10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。” 11 然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特·韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果说有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。精心选择的曲子有助于我们安全行驶，尤其是对高风险的群体而言。例如，要是我们能使年轻的男性驾车者听曼托瓦尼的音乐，他们很可能会把速度放慢。但可悲的是，我自认为没有能力说服他们许多人去这样做。” 12 除了一些音乐会影响行驶安全，我们的车里安装了高技术的音响系统这件事本身也是引起车祸的根源。近期一份有关交通与道路安全的报告表明，小交通事故中，有大约40％是由于人们更换磁带或光盘不看道路所引起的！ 13 无论我们对音乐的品位如何，无论我们的开车风格如何，看来安全行驶的习惯是我们一定要养成的。罗孚汽车公司、英国航空航天局、飞利浦公司及瑞典道路与交通研究所已通力合作生产出了一种汽车智能系统——简称为ARIADNE（实时智能驾驶助理）的精密电子防撞行驶报警装置。它利用雷达技术，一旦面临撞车危险，雷达会使车内的电话响起，警告司机注意。 14 如果汽车与前面的车辆之间的距离超出了安全刹车的范围，ARIADNE会通过加速器踏板发出震动以提醒司机放慢速度。随着两车之间的距离不断缩小，这种震荡会越来越强烈。要是司机

新编大学英语第三版第3册综合教程课后答案

Unit1 1 Shyness can vary from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety (从感觉轻微的不适高度的焦虑) that impact us in almost everything we do. 2 Despite his stubbornness, he knew in his heart that he should avoid arousing any suspicions(避免引起任何怀疑). 3 It will be interpreted as criticism no matter what you say.（成批评，无论你说什么). 4 Let’s not allow ourselves to be upset by trifles (让我们不要为小事情烦心) (which) we should ignore and forget. 5 Too much time spent dwelling on the past (花太多的时间老是想着过去) can get in the way of enjoying life as it happens. 6 People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems (相信自己能够完成目标并解决问题的人) are more likely to do well in school. Unit2 1.She wore a dress with pattern of roses (有玫瑰图案)on it. 2.Helen had prepared a wonderful meal for us.（为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜） 3.Ann promised faithfully （信誓旦旦地保证）that she would never tell. 4.Could you deliver this letter（把这封信送到）to the accounts department? 5.We well offered a selection of milk and plain chocolate.（精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力） 6.Tell the children to keep out of mischief themselves.（别胡闹） 7.We could hear the sound of distant thunder.（远处打雷的声音） 8.The project has now received approval form the government .（得到政府的批准） 9.Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.（虽然他喝酒太多） 10.Experts seem unable to agree whether the drug is safe or not .（就这个药是否安全取得一致意见） Unit 3 1.由于紧急情况，这个医生几小时内都没有空 Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours. 2.税收将会如何影响低收入的人？ How will taxes affect people with low incomes? 3.我母亲总是告诉我，从长远来看我会很高兴我没有放弃练钢琴 My mother always told m e that in the long run I would be glad I didn’t give up practicing the piano. 4.这些书的价格从10美元到20美元不等 These book range in price from $10 to $20. 5.在我看来你没有什么选择 6.It seems to me that you don’t have much choice. 6.考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们已做的相当不错了 Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job. 7. 对这么一幢大房子来说这价格相当便宜，但你得考虑维修费用 For such a big house the price is fairly low/cheap, but you’ve got to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs. 8.我们能否从讨论上会议产生的问题开始？ Can we begin with discussing questions arising from the last meeting?