第二版应用化学专业英语课后答案

Unit 1 The Roots of Chemistry

I. Comprehension.

1.C

2. B

3. D

4. C

5. B

II. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.

1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable

difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.

2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized

knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.

3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry

observed on a single mundane planet.

4.People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather

simple whereas others are highly complex.

5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without

chemistry there is neither life nor death.

6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all

aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.

III. Translation.

1.(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation

2.It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and

so forth/and otherwise.

3.Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes

back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.

4.According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that

liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.

5.You must know the properties of the material before you use it.

IV. Translation

化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。

V. Solution:

（1）The relative mass of 1H and 12C atoms can be calculated from their absolute masses in grams.

1

24

12

23

H 1.6735100.083986C 1.992610--?==? If the mass of a 12C atom is exactly 12 amu,then the mass of a 1H atom to five significant figures must be 1.0078 amu. 12 amu x 0.083986 = 1.0078 amu

（2）

First we calculate k and then use the first-order rate equation.

[][]()()404

34

0.693

1.2110/5730log

2.303

1.000 1.2110/log

0.477 2.3032.303log 2.09 6.11061001.2110/k yr

yr

A kt A yr

t t yr yr ---=

=?=

?===?=?

The bone was tossed away (more precisely, the animal whose bone was died) about 6100 years ago, or about 4100 B.C. We can thus be sure that a village was in existence at that place at that time.

Unit 7 The Nomenclature of Inorganic Substances

I. Comprehension

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.C

5.B

II. Give the systematic name for the following

ammonium ion ; copper(II) ion ; strontium ion; Ccopper(I) ion; iron(II) ion; zinc ion; hydrogen ion; lead((II) ion; aluminum;

silver ion; magnesium ion; chromium(III) ion; Barium ; Manganese(II) ion; iron(III) ion; calcium ion; mercury(II) ion; chromium(II) ion; tin(II) ion.

carbon monoxide; ditrogen trioxide; carbon dioxide; diphosphorus pentoxide; sulfur trioxide; dichlorine heptoxide

arsenate ion; sulfite ion; hydride ion;

arsenite ion; bromide ion; hydroxide ion;

phosphate ion; chlorate ion; hypochlorite ion;

phosphate ion; chloride ion; iodate ion;

carbonate ion; chlorite ion; nitrate ion;

chromate ion; cyanide ion; iodide ion;

dichromate ion; fluoride ion; nitrate ion;

oxide ion; hydrogen carbonate ion; nitrite ion;

sulfide ion; hydrogen sulfate ion; perchlorate ion;

sulfate ion; hydrogen sulfite ion; permanganate ion.

IV. Acid names may be obtained directly from its acid ion by changing the name of the acid ion (negative ion). Use the rule to give the name of the following acid.

V. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the word given at the end of the sentence.

1.is altered;

2.To illustrate

3.indicates

4.should expect

5.would cancel

6. are pulled

7.depend on

8.are; referred

9.formed 10.have discussed

VI. Translation

1. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed/eliminated.

2. It is necessary that a scientist must know how to use fingures to get an accutate answer to question.

3. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is solid, liquid or gas.

4. The experiment was successful. It ’s results was the same as what we had expected.

5. It will not be long before we finish the experiment.

VII. Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Use the information in inorganic textbook to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products. (Partially Solved)

Solutin to (a): Cyanide is the conjugate base of HCN. It can accept a proton from formic acid:

C

O

H

H

O +C

N C O

H O

C N

H +

formic acid stronger acid cyanide

stronger base formate weaker base

weaker acid

Reading from inorganic textbook, formic acid (p K a =3.76) is a stronger acid than HCN (p K a =9.22), and cyanide is a stronger base than formate. The products (weaker acid and base) are favored. …………..

VIII. Write equations for the net reactions which occur when the following materials are added to a sodium-ammonia solution. Answer: (1) 2CH 3GeH 3 + 2e am - → H 2 + 2CH 3GeH 2-

(2) I 2 + 2e am - → 2I -

(3) (C 2H 5)2S + 2e am - + NH 3 → C 2H 5S- + C 2H 6 + NH 2-

Unit 10 Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons

I. Comprehension

1.C

2.D

3.B

4.A

5.B

6.B

II. Name the following compounds by the IUPAC system

III. Draw structures for the following compounds.

IV. Decide which item best completes each unfinished sentence.

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.C

V. Each of the following names is incorrect. Draw the structure represented by the incorrect name (or a consistent structure if the name is ambiguous), and give your drawing the correct name.

(…………)

Unit 11 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

I. Comprehension

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.A

6.C

II. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.

1.brought out

2.dozen or so; put together

3.are made of ;divided by

4.are different from

5.on the contrary; consist of

6.summed up

7.stand for

8.such as

9.are; dependent on 10.break down into

III. Put in proper prepositions or adverbs into the blanks.

1.with; as

2.to

3.about

4.from

5.into

IV. Translation

1. Similarly, solvent also may not be liquid matter but the others

2. A graph plotting solubility against temperature is called a solubility curve. ( The curve plot drawn (made / produced) by solubility as one coordinate and temperature as another coordinate is called solubility curve.)

3. Air is mixture of gases , the most abundant of which is nitrogen in the form of N2 (molecules).

4. The direction of the reaction and the position of the equilibrium may also be affected by the temperature, pressure, and other conditions.

5. Hydrogen has a great affinity for oxygen and easily combines with it to form water.

V. Translation

玻意尔（Bohr）模型提出不久后，人们就发现原子中的电子比Bohr提出的模型要复杂得多。实验证实电子既有粒子的性质（质量）也有光的特性（波的特

性）。因为它的两重性，电子不能被看作是在确定范围内绕核旋转的一种简单粒子，而且如Bohr所说的，如果电子高速运动，我们就不能确切地知道它的位置。

Unit 13 Ultraviolet and Visible Molecular Spectroscopy

I. Comprehension

1.C

2.D

3.D

4.D

5.B

II. Fill in the blanks

of; as; in; out; In; for; for ; of; in; then; to; for;since(for) ; into.

III. Fill the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrase in its proper form.

1. account for

2.take part in

3.think of ….as

4.As compared with

5. is attached to

6.on the contrary

7.As in the case of

8.in contrast with as against

9. owing to 10.Except for.

Unit 17 Crystallisation

I. Comprehension

1.D

2.A

3.A

4.D

5.A

II. Fill in the blanks with the proper word given below.

Stage; interna; symmetrical; basis; physical; Furthermore; composed; responsible; reasonable; overall.

III. Choose the item from (1) ~ (6) that best matches the item in(a) ~ (f) to make a correct sentence.

1~a; 2~b; 3~c; 4~d; 5~e; 6~f

VI.Translate the following into Chinese

共沸物；类质同晶；过饱和；砷酸盐；晶核；异丙基；醇；钠；硫酸盐；间甲酚；糖膏；十水合物；结晶质的；同系物；衍生物；结晶；四硼酸盐；盐析；乙基乙酰苯胺；矿物油。

Uint18 Distillation

I. Comprehension

1.B

2.D

3.A

4. A

II. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.

1.In order to

2.in relation to

3. in the case of

4.in the end

5. in a number of

6.lead to

7.a messy way

掌握以下词汇:

flashdistillation闪蒸;exit stream出流;e quilibrium curve 平衡曲线; weir堰;

redistillation 重蒸;apparatus 设备;overhead product塔顶产物; enthalpy焓; intersection 交点; auxiliary辅助装置; rectifying section精馏段;reflux回流; reboller 再沸器; stripping section 汽提（提馏）段;bottom product 塔底产物

Unit 21 catalysis

I. Comprehension

1.A

2.D

3.D

4. B

5.C

IV. Translate the following sentences into English

(1) We define activity as size (measure) of catalysis of catalyst

(2) catalytic reaction may be carried out in different phases, of which mechanisms are generally consistent

(3) Enzymes are the most efficient proteins in the human body which accelerate the metabolism of the human body.

V. Translate the following into English

reaction equilibrium; repetitiveness; elementary reaction step; stability; catalytic cycle; activity; quantitative analysis; selectivity; metabolic reaction; chemical energy; reaction mechanism; polymer nylon（or nylon）;qualitative analysis; molecular-sieve; tubular reactor; inhibitor; stoichiometry.

Unit 22 Cosmetics introduction

I. Comprehension

1.D

2.A

3.D

4. D

5. (1)True; (2)True; (3) False.

II. Fill in the blanks with the proper word given below.

Focused on; considerations; particular; boosting; price; affect; commitment; different; proposed.

III. Put in proper prepositions or adverbs into the blanks.

1. for, of;

2. to;

3. for

4. for(to)

5. of ,about.

V、Translate the following into English.

对亚苯基二胺，降解，丙烯，头皮屑，洗剂，N-亚硝基二乙醇胺，致癌的，未成熟（or早熟），香波（or洗发剂），激素（荷尔蒙），防汗剂，诱变性，脱臭剂（芳香剂），推论（必然结果），甘油

VI、Translate the following sentences into English

surfactant；environmental pollution；emulsifier；side-effect；dirt；detergent；perspiration；preservative.

信息与通信工程专业英语习题讲解学习

信息与通信工程专业英语习题2018

一：专业词汇 1、SIFT：尺度不变特征转换； 2、ANMS：自适应非极大值抑制法； 3、BM3D：三维块匹配； 4、binary thresholding segmentation：最优二值阈值分割 5、rough entropy：粗糙熵 6、rough fuzzy set：粗糙模糊集/粗模糊集 7、Plasma resonance sensing：等离子体共振传感 8、Long period grating：长周期光栅 9、Optical sensor：光学传感器 10、optical fiber sensors：光纤传感器 11、Evanescent field:：倏逝场 12、biochemical sensing：生物医学传感 13、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping（SLAM）：同时定位与地图构建 14、Loop Closure Detection：回环检测 15、General Graph Optimization（g2o）：开源的图优化库 16、Massive multiple-input multiple output （MIMO）：大容量多输入多输出 17、time-division duplex system（TDD：时分双工系统

18、frequency-division duplex system（FDD）：分频双工系统 19、spectral efficiency：频谱效率 20、joint transmission coordinated multipoint：联合传动协调多点 21、GSM：全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile communications) 22、MSC：移动业务交换中心(mobile switching center) 23、WAP：无线应用通讯协议（Wireless Application Protocol） 24、redundancy ：冗余度 25、sampling ：抽样 26、quantitative：量化 27、demodulate：解调 28、multiplexable：多路复用的 29、resolution：分辨率 30、Simultaneous Localization and Mapping：即时定位与建图 31、Visual Odometry：视觉里程计 32、Laser Scanner：激光雷达 33、Time-domain：时域 34、Finite-element：有限元

数学专业英语

数学专业英语课后答案

2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。

应用化学专业英语词汇

Toxic chemicals：有毒化学品 Chemical pollution：化学污染 Physical property ：物性 Natural changes: 自然变化 Scientific fields：科学领域 Isolate：分离 Determine：测定 Synthesize：合成 Fundamental principles：基本原理 Investigation：研究 Utilize：利用 化学式书写的基本规则 如何写化学式 命名化合物 二元化合物：氧化物，盐，酸 （1）阴离子元素加后缀–ide （2）多价态元素加前缀：mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- （3）低价氧化态后缀–ous，高价氧化态后缀–ic 氧化物 盐 酸：基础元素（前缀hydro-, 后缀-ic）+ acid 氢氧化物（碱）： 金属元素（价态）+ hydroxide 含氧酸及其盐 （1）基本元素仅有一种氧化态 酸：基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 盐：阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀-ate （2）基本元素有二种氧化态 酸：基础元素加后缀（-ous低价态，-ic高价态）+ acid 盐：阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀（-ite低价态, -ate高价态）（3）基本元素有多种氧化态 酸：最低氧化态基础元素（前缀hypo-, 后缀-ous）+ acid 较低氧化态基础元素加后缀-ous+ acid 较高氧化态基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 最高氧化态基础元素（前缀per-, 后缀-ic）+ acid 盐：最低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素（前缀hypo-, 后缀-ite）较低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ite 较高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ate 最高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素（前缀per-, 后缀-ate） 不同水分子含量的酸 较低水含量前缀meta- 较高水含量前缀ortho-

通信与信息工程专业英语教程参考答案(Communication English)

参考答案( Communication English ) 第一章电子通信导论 1.将表1-1译成中文。 表1-1 通信大事纪 年代事件 公元前3000年埃及人发明象形文字 公元800年借鉴印度, 阿拉伯人使用我们的现行数制 1440年约翰.戈登贝尔发明可移动的金属记录带 1752年贝莱明.富兰克林的风筝证明了雷闪是电 1827年欧姆发表欧姆定律( I = E / R) 1834年 C.F.高斯和E.H.韦伯发明电磁电报 1838年W.F.库克和C.维特斯通发明电报 1844年S.F.B.莫尔斯演示巴尔的摩和华盛顿的电报线路 1850年G.R.基尔赫夫发表基尔赫夫电路定律 1858年铺设第一条越洋电缆, 并于26天后举办博览会 1864年J.C.麦克斯威尔预言电磁辐射 1871年电报工程师协会在伦敦成立 1876年 A.G.贝尔发明电话并获专利 1883年 A.爱迪生发现真空管中的电子流 1884年美国电气工程师协会(AIEE)成立 1887年H.赫兹证明麦克斯威的理论 1900年G.马可尼传送第一个越洋无线电信号 1905年R.芬森登利用无线电传送语音和音乐 1906年L.弗雷斯特真空三极管放大器 1915年贝尔系统完成美国大陆电话线路 1918年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明超外差接收机电路 1920年第一个定时无线广播 J.R.卡尔松将取样用于广播 1926年美国演示电视 1927年H.布兰克在贝尔实验室发明负反馈放大器 1931年电传打字机投入运营 1933年 E.H.阿尔莫斯通发明调频 1935年R.A.沃特森-瓦特发明第一个实用雷达 1936年英国广播公司(BBC)开办第一个电视广播 1937年 A.雷弗斯提出脉冲编码调制(PCM) 1941年J.V.阿当拉索夫在依俄华州立大学发明计算机 1945年ENIAC电子数字计算机研发于宾夕伐尼亚大学 1947年布雷登、巴登和肖克利在贝尔实验室研制晶体管 S.O.莱斯在贝尔实验室研究噪声的统计表征1948年 C.E.香农发表他的信息理论

数学专业英语课后答案

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应用化学专业英语Unit5-万有志

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1. user
3. data
4. keyboard
5. data processingjLBHrnAILg
6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
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