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被动语态Passivevoice讲解

被动语态（Passive voice）讲解

By Rebecca

一、被动语态的基本时态变化

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例A new cinema is being built here．

4) was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5) had been done 过去完成时

例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6) was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7) shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

二、被动语态的特殊结构形式---主动表被动

1. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable.

2. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。) 试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）5．在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

6.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例This kind of cloth washes well.

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因

三、语态转换时所注意的问题

1.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

I was given a present on my birthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

A present was given to me yesterday.

注意：①一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

The book was showed to the class.

②一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。

A new skirt was made for me.

3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：

不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operate on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。

The patient is being operated on.

The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

His request was turned down.

The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

4. 在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at,make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。

We often hear him play the guitar.

→He is often heard to play the guitar.

5. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说……It is said that …

据报导……It is reported that …

据推测……It is supposed that …

希望……It is hoped that …

众所周知……It is well known that …

普遍认为……It is generally considered that …

有人建议……It is suggested that …

1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.

2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.

Exercise1 Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.

1.The bridge ( build) last year.

2.The Olympic Games (hold) every four years.

3.The problem (discuss) at the meeting now.

4.His new book (publish) next month.

5.The classroom (not clean) yet.

6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday.

7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks.

8. Miss Li said the book (give)to the students the next morning.

9.By the end of next term two thousand English words____________________________ (learn).

10. He said the project . (finish) by 2010.

Exercise 2 Complete the following sentences:

1.下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。

The next Olympic Games ______________ in London in 2012. 2.这电脑看上去旧，但它是半年前买的。

The computer looks old, but it _______________just half year ago.

3.博物馆要求游客不得触摸展品。

In the museum, visitors __________________________ the exhibits.

4.这是Tony和他的弟弟们第一次被带去参观长城。

It is the first time that Tony as well as his brothers _______________ to visit the Great Wall.

5. 你的外套需要洗了。

Your coat _________________________.

6.我们都觉得这个提议值得讨论。

We all consider the proposal________________.

7. 尽管这个主意听起来奇怪，他还是决定接受。

Strange__________________, he decided to accept it.

8. 是我的哥哥在昨晚的交通事故中受伤了。

It ____________________________ in the traffic accident that happened last night

Exercise 3 Write your own poem:

Look at the way________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Look at the way_________________________________________

______________________________________________________

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