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美英报刊文章选读 译文

美英报刊文章选读 译文
美英报刊文章选读 译文

《美英报刊文章阅读》China Finds Western ways bring new woes

中国对于美国而言,是增长最快的市场,是反恐战争中的盟友,同时也是在亚洲地区最大的竞争者。在即将到来的这一年里,这个国家的主要城市将会承办奥运会和世博会,同时,它的电影明星,时尚人士以及体育明星在海外拥有着越来越多的支持者。似乎中国在21世纪将会开始重现其在1840年以前持续了数千年的辉煌。但是,中国的领导人们依然面临很多棘手的问题。粗暴对待不同政见者的专断行政系统需要改革。在所有发展中国家都存在的经济发展不平衡问题。环境退化问题,贫穷问题以及疾病预防问题等等。考虑到这个世界上人口最多的国家是如此重要,USA TODAY将会对于‘中国的世纪’这个说法进行持续一年的抽样调查,看看有多少是已经做到的,有多少还没有完成。

北京—整个中国在25年改革开放政策带来的好日子的标志。高楼大厦呈现出现代都市的景象。道路上密集的私家轿车取代了自行车。流行品牌广告栏下生气勃勃衣着入时的男女。

自从中国领导人在1978年开始实施自由经济之后,现在的中国已经不再是一个贫穷而封闭的国家。但是这些令人瞩目的发展掩盖了那些伴随资本主义的增长而来的隐患。对群众的调查是检验发生在中国的翻天覆地的变化的最好的方法。看看现在的中国人的食物,再想想那场发生在20世纪60年代早期的那次灾难——上百万人因饥荒而死去。而现在,超过五分之一的成年人体重超标,这一比例在20年间增长了将近40%。

与消耗食品数量同时增长的是酒类,较之1978,平均每个中国人的饮酒数量已经翻了4倍。尽管酒精中毒的比例仍然低于西方标准,但是在城市地区,这已经是个很严重的问题了。

富裕生活的不良影响逐步显现中国正在努力朝小康生活奋斗,很多中国人放弃了传统的生活方式转为西式的放纵生活。公共卫生的调查结果显示这些人的健康问题非常严重。根据北卡大学研究发展中国家饮食的经济学家Barry Popkin的研究结果,1995年到2025年,因不健康饮食导致的心脏病,高血压,心肌梗塞,糖尿病而死亡的人数将会增加10倍,超过了人口的增长速度。他说:中国人的平均寿命增长将会因此停滞甚至倒退。而且随之带来的卫生保健费用将会非常庞大。如果中国不能解决这一问题,这将是影响中国经济发展的重要因素。

以下的问题经常见诸于各媒体并深深困扰着中国领导人们:经济方面:资本主义制度,包括欠发达的,使私营企业依赖动荡的国家银行进行融资的资本市场都还没有发展成熟政治方面,中国共产党领导人必须找出适合的方法来解决在一党制系统下如何满足日益增长的中产阶级的政治要求。环境方面,无论是空气,水,还是陆地,各种环境问题越来越需要引起重视。举例说明:北京等北方城市的水危机使得中国不得不投资空前的550亿元用于南水北调工程。但是,对于个体来说,这些宏观的危机远远比不上那些新出现的对于个人的危险。很多人还不熟悉的伴随富裕生活而来的富人病已经让卫生保健系统不堪重负。在生活标准不断提高的这25年里,中国人已经逐渐发现了西式生活的代价。今天的中国充满活力,举国上下热切期待着2008北京奥运的举行。这个新崛起的国家正努力摆脱改革开放以前那个贫穷封闭的形象。

1978年,时任中共中央总书记的邓小平实行了经济改革。当时,城市居民的年收入甚至不到200美元。没有私人餐馆,日常生活物资限量供应,大部分人每天的供给仅能满足最基本的需要。从设立四个沿海经济特区开始,邓小平逐渐将资本主义的活力释放出来。80年代之后,电视立体声音响等各种奢侈消费品以及洗衣机冰箱等家用电器不再罕见。与此同时,上亿的人们摆脱了传统的农村生活,他们进入工厂或办公室工作。人们用汽车取代步行或自行车作为主要交通方式,在1985年,北京仅有不到1100辆私人轿车,而现在,这一数字已经超过200万。

人们变得更加富裕,但活动没有以前多,摄入的维生素纤维及谷物减少,肉蛋类多了。在一日三餐中人们食用了更多的动植物油脂。就像56岁的北京普通家庭主妇Zhang Shuying 所说:过去,我们也吃肉,但不像现在这么多。举个例子,有四盘菜,过去三个是蔬菜另外一个才是肉,而现在正好相反。 20年来,油脂摄入量翻了两番。城市里越来越多的KFC式的快餐店,现在三分之一热量来自于油脂,这个值相当于美国的对健康有害标准。就算是蔬菜类食品也经常被不当食用。有一道大家都很爱吃的菜——炸茄盒——茄子被塞满肉然后油炸,就让医生对此摇头不已。

今天的这些过于丰盛的饮食对于过去的中国是无法想像的。在1958到1960的大跃进时期,一夜实现现代化的期望使得国家损失惨重,饥荒几乎毁灭了整个农村。农民们纷纷被指示着在土制的熔炉里大炼钢铁,从而失去了收获农作物现在,很多中国人不得不努力控制自己的体重。25岁的Liang Yong说:我的父母就从来没有体重问题,他们只担心不够吃。据他们说,现在用来饲养牲畜的食物都比他们过去吃的好。在70年代,Liang Yong的父母在重庆这个中国中部的城市经营一家小店。他们以野菜和红薯为食。他们是如此贫穷以至于吃不起大米。但是自从Liang Yong出生后,日子变好了。Liang Yong可以随意吃他想吃的东西。Liang Yong说:我吃了很多大米和各种糖果,无论是什么糖果,我喜欢甜食。

到了1999年,当Liang Yong不得不进入天津的Aimin 减肥医院时,他已经455磅重。这家开业于1992年医院,对他制定了锻炼计划,并实施针灸和中药疗法。4年后,Liang Yong 已经减去了220磅体重。对于5英尺的身高来说,Liang Yong还是显得胖了些——就像很多现在的中国成年人一样。根据Popkin的研究结果,从1989年到1997年,超重男性的比例在中国增加近三倍,而到了2025年,可能会有超过38%的成年中国人必须努力减肥。对于5英尺的身高来说,Liang Yong还是显得胖了些——就像很多现在的中国成年人一样。

根据Popkin的研究结果,从1989年到1997年,超重男性的比例在中国增加近三倍,而到了2025年,可能会有超过38%的成年中国人必须努力减肥。同胞们猛涨的腰围对于Liang 来说毫不惊奇,他还想在减去50磅,他说:生活变好了,人们也就变胖了.

进口的啤酒在Nashville这家西式风格的酒吧里,4个好友围坐在一起,喝酒聊天。在他们旁边的房间,吉他手正在演奏。旁边的吧台里摆放着Budweiser,Heineken和其他的十几种进口啤酒,也有Glenfiddich之类品牌的威士忌和Grand Marnier之类的白兰地。四人中的Hao Jun,30岁,从80年代末就开始出没与酒吧,当时他住在一个市场附近,花一块钱就可以买到一日所需的蔬菜,他说:我们现在喝的Boddington's啤酒一杯就要花掉我50块。

邓小平的经济改革之前,酒类的供应被限制。但是自从改革开放之后,各种酿酒厂在全国各地冒了出来。根据世界卫生组织的统计报告,1981年,中国的啤酒产量是1949年的91倍。增长的个人收入刺激了酒类的供应。按照一般意义上的酒类统计标准,到了2000年,世界卫生组织发现中国人均消费的酒类达到176盎司,比1978年增加了320%。而考虑到这一统计并不包括家庭酿制的酒类,中国人的实际消费量可能还要再增加三分之一。Nebraska-Lincoln大学的健康教育教授Ian Newman确信:酒精带来的问题同样将会困扰中国,因为人均酒精消费的增长如同世界其他地区一样迅速。这一结论可以在北京城区里的胡同得到证明,在这些传统的灰色院落里,酒徒造成的麻烦日益增加。

在70年代末,酒精中毒治疗在北京安定医院不为人所知,但是几十年间,有这种治疗要求的人越来越多。去年,大概有300人接受这一治疗,比两年前增加了3倍。过去接受这种治疗的都是男性,但在2000年,第一次出现了女性酒精中毒患者.这一治疗的负责人Sheng Lixia说:很多女性现在摆脱了家务并参加了工作,她们更加富裕,她们可以做自己想做的事情并更多的接触社会。

酒精中毒现在一点都不稀罕酒精中毒的全国信统计并不准确。最近的一次统计结果是

1993年做出的,当时的数字已经10倍于1983年。尽管如此,政府并没有对酒精带来的潜在问题引起重视。仅仅在过去的几年间对住院病人投入845美元用于国家性的卫生保险计划。

将来可能发生的问题暂时来看,酗酒的问题要到未来才会显现。按照国际标准来看,大部分中国人依然算是轻度饮酒者。独自饮酒很少见,大部分都是在吃饭时饮酒。Hao 说:大多数情况下,我们饮酒是因为和朋友在一起。并非为了饮酒而饮酒。这也许可以解释为什么官方暂时还没有控制日益增长的酒精消费。官方并没有制定一条法律多大年纪可以饮酒,而且在电视上做酒类广告也很平常,而在美国这确实违法的.

从我们切身体会可以看出,中国将会承担更多饮酒问题日益严重带来的后果,肝病和性病患者增加,暴力行为,酗酒导致的旷工行为以及严重的交通事故。一家中的的保险公司甚至开始销售为经常酒后驾车人士准备的保险。这一行为被人们指责为鼓励人们酒后驾驶。

如果不对不健康饮食习惯予以制止,中国将会面临更大的财政压力。1995年,中国在饮食相关的疾病上花费了几乎120亿元。而Popkin认为到了2025年这一数字可能还会增加至少25%。心脏病,心肌梗塞,糖尿病,伴随着不健康的饮食和缺乏运动,已经在不断增长。如果中国在2020年实现了经济翻4番的目标,中国人们将会享受到大约相当与西方发达国家90年代的生活水平。

但是一些中国健康专家担心说,中国冒着照搬西式生活方式中最差方面的危险在复制发达国家的方便舒适的生活方式。一月份,官方开始大量培训医生来推广新的指导方针从而使人们的饮食更加健康。而且北京的报纸用大篇幅来推广如何在快节奏生活中避免过度肥胖。

中国疾病预防控制中心的Chen Chunming说:现在是正是做这些事儿的时候,现在做,我们就不会重蹈西方世界的覆辙。

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BOOK ONE (2) UNIT 1 Campus (2) UNIT 2 Entertainment (5) UNIT 3 Entertainment (9) UNIT 4 Food (12) UNIT 5 Crime (15) UNIT 6 Disaster (19) UNIT 7 Sports (23) UNIT 8 Art (28) UNIT 9 Economy (31) UNIT 10 Ecology (36) UNIT 11 Health (39) UNIT12 Automobile & Driving (43) UNIT 13 Quality problems (48) UNIT 14 Shopping (52) UNIT 15 Gun control (56) UNIT 16 Psychology (59)

BOOK ONE UNIT 1 Campus I.Vocabulary Builder 1.Definition 1)chaotic: extremely disorganized; badly organized; be in mess 2)primary: main; most important; key; major; chief; prime; principal 3)seduce: attract; tempt 4)highlight: the most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of something such as a holiday, performance, or sports competition 5)reluctant: unwilling 6)compelling: very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention 7)reveal: show; indicate 8)mainstream: accepted by or involving most people in a society; normal; ordinary 9)critical: important; crucial 10)evolution: a long, gradual process during which something develops and changes, usually becoming more advanced; a gradual change and development 2. Terms translation 1) a bipartisan consensus

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英文报刊选读词汇归纳

I. 所学习过文章中的词汇: stress disorder (PTSD) 创伤后紧张症 in action (MIA) 战争中失踪的 团体,派别 ballistic missile (ICBM) 洲际导弹 of mass destruction (WMD) 大规模杀伤性武器 unidentified intelligence source 未经确认的情报资源 missiles 地对空导弹 (the World Health Organisation) 世界卫生组织 (American Civil Liberties Union) 美国公民自由协会 Rights Watch (HRW) 人权检查站 detention 预防性拘留,防护关押 tranining camps 基地组织训练营地 国会议员 shadow cabinet 影子内阁(顾问团) House of Commons 下议院(议会下院,平民院) deputy leader of the Labour party 劳工党的代理领导 senior Conservative/Labour backbencher 年长的保守派、工党的后座议员(普通议员) ’s ?t Hennessy (法国)轩尼诗 企业界大亨 韩国大企业、韩国财阀 waste 城市垃圾 垃圾填埋地 Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) 国际自然保护联盟United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) 联合国环境规划署 全球定位系统 needy 困难职工,贫穷的人 have-nots 贫民 China Charity Federation 中国慈善联盟 UN World Food Programme 世界粮食计划署 relief, tax break 税款减免,所得税宽减额 32.Britain’s Got Talent Brandenburg Gate 勃兰登堡门 II. Appendixes 报刊名称 III. News agencies AP,美国联合通讯社 UPI,合众国际社 Reuters,路透社

研究生英语阅读教程(基础级3版)课文答案翻译1-12单元完整版

Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大,它们的未来岌岌可危。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时,他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视(和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似)的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来,在以白人英语为主导的世界,最重要的机构和个人(有意或无意地)鼓励或者至少是容忍了(肯定没有反对)英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说,我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时,我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏,而且这样做也没有太大的风险,因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而,许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此,我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势,例如广泛的通信网,强大的文化传媒体系,及强有力的文化教育机构。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权,而黑人反对力量,其成员讲多种语言,在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.

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