英汉翻译基础教程考试重点总结

第一单元翻译概论

1翻译就是接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然等值体---首先是就意义而言,其次是就风格而言.

Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.

2按翻译技巧来分: 直译、意译、音译

Literal translation does not mean word-for-word translation. Superficially speaking, it means “not to alter the original words and sentences”, strictly speaking, it strives “to keep the sentiments and style of the original”.

例如：paper tiger—纸老虎

Free translation is an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns of figures of speech.

例如：Adam’s apple—喉结；at sixes and sevens—乱七八糟

It rains cats and dogs—大雨滂沱

3按翻译原则方向来分: 异化翻译（Foreignization）和归化翻译（Domestication ）

归化的例子：

as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠

at a stone’s throw 一箭之遥

wet like a drown rat 湿如落汤鸡

as stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪

5 傅雷：1951年在《高老头 重译本序》中提出“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”

6. 钱钟书：1964年在《林纾的翻译》一文中提到“文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”，把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入与“化境”。

7 But I hated Sakamoto, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors.

但是我恨坂田，并预感到他肯定会领着咱们去见祖先。

8 Don’t cross the br idge till you get to it.

不必担心太早。（不必自寻烦恼）

9 Do you see any green in my eyes?

你以为我是好欺骗的吗？

10 Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.

鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。

第二单元英汉对比

1汉语和英语的对比研究，始于100年多前《马氏文通》，这是我国第一部汉语语法书，是在比较和模仿拉丁文法的基础上写成的。

2中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”、“万物与我为一”，反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴含在行为事件的主观表现中。

3因此在句子构造中，汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分。正如王力所说：“就句子结构而论，西洋

语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。法治的不管主语用得着用不着，总要呆板地求句子形式的一律，人治的用得着就用，用不着就不用，只要能使人听懂说话人的意思，就算了。”

4正因为汉语缺乏主语，语言学家从语言类型学的角度出发，认为汉语是主题显著(topic-prominent)的语言。

5 A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.

一种方言被这间屋子里的每一个语言学家所懂得。

有一种方言这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂得。

6.I would not believe what he said.

他的话，我可不信。

7.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting.

会上讲了什么，我一点没记住。

8 I know Mr. Wang.

王先生我认识。

9. He is the best singer.

唱歌，他是最棒的。

11. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him.

跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。

12. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell.

打死我也不说。

13. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

14. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？

15. We will not attack unless we are attacked.

人不犯我，我不犯人。

16. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.

（由于）天气很好，我们决定去爬山。

17. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now.

我妹妹在等我，我得走了。

18. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

没有外力的作用，运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。

19 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.

我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。

20西文句中名物字,多随举随释,如中文之旁支,后乃遥接前文,足意成句。”(严复)英语句子“多随举随释”，枝杈蔓生,呈树状结构,分叉处有介词,关系代词连接。而汉语按时间顺序或逻辑顺序逐层展开,节节延伸,犹如竹子。

21 The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungray because he had had no food for two days.

男孩哭得心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了。

22.The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elepants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented. 月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长着大树，有大象在跑来跑去，我们用已经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也不能看到它们。

23. Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.

1826年杰斐逊逝世。按他生前遗愿，在他墓地的石碑上刻着：独立宣言和弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令的作者，弗吉尼亚大学创建人之墓。

24 由此可见，英语是“静态”的语言，而汉语则是“动态”的语言。“英语的静态修辞实质是名词优势和介词优势，而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。因为名词与名词之间要借助介词来联结。” 因此，在英译汉时常常要变“静”为“动”，摆脱名词化的框架和大量介词的干扰，突出原文的动态色彩。

25. Admittance Free 免票入场

26. Out of Bounds 游客止步

27. No Admittance Except on Business 闲人免进

28. Danger of Death – High Voltage! 高压（电），生命危险！

29. Party officials worked long hour on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.

党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着寒冷的窑洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作。

30 What film will be on this evening? 今晚放映什么影片？

31. He walked around the house with a gun. 他拿着枪，绕着屋子走。

32 A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.

研究一下那封信，就使我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的。

33. The very first sight of her made him fall in love with her. 他对她一见钟情。

34中国传统哲学以人为本，追求人与自然的和谐，把天、地、人视为一个统一体，即“天人合一”。《易经》提出了有机整体的图式，把自然现象和人事凶吉都纳入阴阳两极所组成的六十四卦系统之中，为中国传统思维奠定了基础。

35 I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man.

我读过你的文章，但没料想你会这样年轻。

36 A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship.

水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的；在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。(正说反译)

37 Mine! Mine!” They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, seemi ng never very far away.

他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的，看来好像伸手可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊：“哎呀!哎呀!”(反说正译)

38 He was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, an courage, to want to do it quite that way.

他对于她的直率没有感到不快……有点生活经验、又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。

39 Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.

聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴掘井。

40 Because of the circuitous and directional flow of waterways, railways often have energy advantage over barges.

由于河道迂回曲折且水流具有方向性，铁路运输对于水运而言，常常具有节能优势。

41. Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing.

随着时间的流逝，记忆使人忘怀了许多事物。

42. The subversion attempts proved predictably futile.

不出所料，颠覆活动证明毫无效果。

43. The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.

游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而绝不投降。

44. We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.

我们相信，年轻一代不会辜负我们的信任。

45. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.

他无权签订这种合同。

46. The custom-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone’s reach.

目前这种订做的产品仅限于有钱人才能享受，而将来人人都能买得起。

47. In the end things will mend.

车到山前必有路。

48. He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.

他想学习，增长知识，也愿意把知识教给别人。

49. These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。

50.Rockets have found application for the exploration of the Universe.

火箭已经用于探索宇宙。

51 The irony is that Mrs. Gandhi presides over a nation with a highly promising long-term potential but which is saddled with equally difficult current problems.

颇为耐人寻味的是，从长远的观点来看，甘地夫人掌管的国家是大有希望的，但目前却有着难以克服的困难。

52 She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

她被没完没了的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。

53 All the inventors have a restless mind.

所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。

54. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.

他是一个正直的人，但不幸有某种坏名声。我相信他这种坏名声是不该有的。

55. He lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.

他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。

56. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.

凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。

57. The film actress appeared in all her glory at the ball.

这位女影星在舞会上真是仪态万方。

58. He is always saying the usual polite nothings.

他老是在说那些寻常的客套话。

59 When John was two years old, he was impossible, a typical “Terrible Two”. He was destructive a nd stubborn.

约翰两岁时变得异常调皮，是个不折不扣的“两岁魔王”。他固执，常常损坏东西。

6.0 With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.

凭着我的决心、我的运气，还有许多善良人们的帮助，我终于得以东山再起。

61 The Universe is not rich enough to buy the vote of an honest man.

即使你用天下所有的财富也收买不了一个正直人的选票。

62 It seems that a very difficult decision now faces him.

他好像面临着困难的抉择。

63 Anger and bitterness covered upon me for weeks.

几周来我一直感到生气和伤心。

63 西方人喜外露，中国人喜含蓄。英语经常表态在前，叙事在后；汉语经常相反。英汉对译时，信息重心常需做前后调整。

64 I am very happy to receive your message of greetings.

接到你的贺信，我十分愿意。

65 The two sides found it beneficial to have this opportunity to present to one another their views on a variety of issues.

现在有机会互相介绍彼此对各种问题的观点，对此，双方认为是有利的。

66中华文化以人本为主，西方文化以物本为主体。人本文化以人文为中心，以人生为本位。道家的代表人物老子曾说：“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然”。而儒家先哲对世界的认识主要不是出于对自然奥秘的好奇，而是出于对现实社会政治和伦理道德的关注。孔子哲学以“仁”“礼”为中心，“仁”寻求人伦关系规范化，“礼”要求社会有序化。先哲们谈论人生哲学的目的是“究天人之际，通古今之变”，关心的是人道，而非天道，是人生之理，而非自然之性。这种人本文化的长期积淀便形成了汉民族本体型的思维方式。

67而物本文化以物本为主体，以自然为本位。西方人偏重于对自然客体的观察与研究，例如，亚里士多德认为“求知是人类的本性”，培根推崇“知识就是力量”。西方人以认知自然为视觉焦点，崇尚自然、认识自然、探索自然，最终征服自然。主宰宇宙。这种物本文化的长期积淀则形成了西方人客体型的思维模式。

68 两种思维方式在语言上表现为：英语多用无生命的名词作主语，主动和被动两个范畴始终泾渭分明；而汉语常以有生命的名词作主语(或潜在的主语)，充分地反映了汉民族重主体意识的思维方式。

69 American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.

托马斯·杰佛逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献。

70 Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.

在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。

1. What has happened to you?

2. An idea suddenly struck me.

3. American English owes a great deal to Noah Webster, an American lexicographer and writer.

4. Her good work and obedience have pleased her teacher.

1. 你怎么了？

2. 我突然想到了一个主意。

3. 美国词典编纂家及作家诺阿·韦伯斯特对美国英语做出了巨大的贡献。

4. 她学业优良、性情温顺，深得老师喜欢。

71 让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。

Let the other people of the rest of the world know China. Let China make close contact with the rest of the world.

72 中国人的思维趋向于具象化，而西方人的思维则趋向于抽象化。这种不同的侧重与选择，植根于各自的民族文化土壤之中。中国传统文化的重要特征之一是“尚象”，而西方文化的重要特征之一是“尚思”。中国人“尚象”的文化传统形成了其偏重具象的思维方式。

73 The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments. (= No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

74 No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.

对他在工作中表现出来的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。

75Any discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of the Government will be cause for immediate dismissal.

任何政府官员，如果对中国人有任何粗暴行为，必须立即予以开除。

1. A son, a job and housekeeping forced romance out.

2. But there had been too much publicity about my case.

3. The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.

4. With the credit card it is unnecessary to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies.

1. 有了儿子，又要工作，又要做家务，就不能卿卿我我了。

2. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。

3. 和有些政客们在演讲中愿意公开承认的事实相比，人类生存状态和社会不公正现象目前已经非常复杂，这种复杂性要求社会结构进行根本性改革。

4. 有了这种信用卡，就无需随身携带大量现金，而且在急需用钱时非常有用。

76从意义的表达来看，中国人的传统思维方式总是习惯于整体把握对象，因而汉语在于以上具有较高的整体概括性；而英语思维注重细节分析，在对自然社会的思考中往往把整体加以局部性、具体性分解。但是从英汉语言的语法系统，即外在形态来看，英语的句子往往是以形来统句，一个句子往往是一个支点，其他的部分围绕着这一支点展开，逻辑关系明确，语法条理清晰，构成一个形态的整体；而汉语则是以意辖界，意尽为界，因此有时为了说明一个事情需要许多独立的句子，这些句子围绕一个意义的支点而阐发，形成一个意义整体。

77王力先生曾经说过：“英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人则化整为零。”这是从语言的形态而言，不是从语言的意义来说的。汉译时要特别注意整体意义的把握以及英语形态的拆零。78 The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run electric

motors, is almost unbelievable.

鱼能发电，其电量足以点亮小灯泡，甚至能开动马达，这种想法简直是令人难以相信的。

79The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.

因为距离远，交通工具缺乏，使农村社会与外界隔绝。这种隔绝，由于通讯工具的不足，而变得更加严重。

1. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.

2. Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States.

3. The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.

4. She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the kitchen.

1. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

2. 顺便提一下，与我在美国所能得到的治疗相比，我希望能在这些国家得到更好的治疗。

3. 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成绩而自豪，这是合乎情理的。

4. 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。

80从本体论角度来讲，中国人受“易经”哲学的影响，注重整体统一，强调从多归一的思想；而西方人更多地侧重于分析原则，注重逻辑推理，强调由一到多的思想。不同的传统文化的影响，形成了“东方重综合,西方重分析”(季羡林语)的思维习惯。

81中国传统哲学重视人与自然的和谐，视“天人合一”为最高境界，天中有人，人中有天，“天人之际，合二为一”。庄子认为“天地与我并生，万物与我为一”，这种物我不分、物我两忘的诗意境界，是天人同体同德、万物有情的宇宙观。

82 There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.

全世界报界曾经把基辛格渲染成魔术师般的人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为正如他自己愿意承认的，他有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再像是这样的人物了，这有几个原因。

1. He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.

2. Somebody lied, if he said my life is a happy little tale, or he told you I’m just an ordinary g uy in the world.

3. The theory is of great importance that the hotter the body is, the more energy it radiate.

1. 他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想法是非常正确的。

2. 如果有人说我的一生是一个喜剧，或者说我只是个普通人，他们都在撒谎。

3. 物体的温度越高，放射的能量越多，这一理论非常重要。

第三单元

1 What you have always wanted until now has been a set, steady, constant purpose. I therefore exhort you to persevere in a thorough determination to do whatever you have to do as well as you can do it. I was not so old as you are now when I first had to win my food, and do this out of this determination, and I have never slackened in it since.

直到当前为止，你所缺乏的一直是确定的，持续不变的目标。因此我极力劝告你，以坚定的

决心去做你必须要做以及你能够做的事情，并坚持到底。我初次必须自食其力(自谋生计)时，年岁还不及你大。我即借着此种决心，迄今从未松懈。

2 Official sanction has not yet been given.

尚未获得正式批准。

3 The British and the French imposed sanctions on Italy in 1935.

英法两国在1935年对意大利实施制裁。

4 He took charge of his failing father and after a time obtained permission for his sister to live with him. Her malady frequently returned, but always with due warning, when brother and sister would be seen walking together to the asylum, both weeping bitterly.

此后，他即照顾风烛残年的父亲，且在一段时间之后，获准自精神病院中将他的姐姐接回与他同住。她的疾病经常复发，所幸皆有征兆，此时人们见到他们姐弟二人相偕走向精神病院，双双泣不成声。

5 Few expected to see so large a man: he is gigantic, a six feet four at least; few expected to see so old a person; his hair appears to have kept silvery record over fifty years; and then there was a notion in the minds of many that there must be something dashing and “fast” in his appearance, whereas his costume was perfectly plain, the expression of his face grave and earnest, his address perfectly unaffected and such as we might expect to meet with in a well-bred man somewhat advanced in years.

很少人预料见到如此高大的一个人：他身材魁梧,身高至少也有六呎四吋。很少人预料见到年纪如此大的一个人，他的头发看起来已花白了五十多年。此外，在很多人的心目中，他的外表必定有些时髦和“放荡”的样子，但是，相反的是他衣着十分朴素，面部的表情严肃而诚挚，他的演讲十分自然，他具有我们可能遇到的年高德劭者的特征。

6 Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.

嗨，亲爱的，你可要知道，朗太太说，租内瑟菲德庄园的是英格兰北边来的一个年轻人，有大笔家当；说他星期一坐了一辆驷马轿车来看了房子，一看就十分中意，马上跟莫里斯先生租妥，说要在米迦勒节以前就搬进去，而且他的几个佣人下个周末就要先住进去了。

7. back

I’ll be back in a couple of days.

It was said that they would back the plan.

It’s the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.

8. popular

a popular man a popular novel a popular price

popular science popular readings

9 regular

regular reading regular job regular flight

regular visitor regular speed regular army

regular gasoline

10. delicate

delicate skin delicate porcelain delicate upbringing

delicate living delicate health delicate stomach

delicate vase delicate diplomatic question delicate difference

delicate surgical operation delicate ear for music delicate sense of smell

delicate touch delicate food

11 I write this note today because your going away is much upon my mind, and because I want you to have a few parting words from me to think of now and then at quiet times. I need not tell you that I love you dearly, and am very, very sorry in my heart to part with you.

今天我写这封短笺，一方面是因为你的离去萦绕我心，另一方面是因为要给你只字片语，供你在宁静的时刻里，时而思量。我毋须告诉你，我爱你有多深，与你分离，我心惆怅不已。

12 It is my comfort and my sincere conviction that you are going to try the life for which you are best fitted. I think its freedom and wildness more suited to you than any experiment in a study or office would ever have been; and without that training, you could have followed no other suitable occupation.

你将体验的生活是最适合你的，这是我的安慰，也是我诚挚的信念。我认为那种自由与无拘无束的生活较比书房或办公室的工作更适合你。缺少那种训练，你就不能从事其他适合你的职业。

13 A plain man of the people, and extraordinary fortune attended him. He offered no shining qualities at the first encounter; he did not offend by superiority. He had a face and manner which disarmed suspicion, which inspired confidence, which confirmed good will. He was a man without vices. He had a strong sense of duty, which it was very easy for him to obey. Then, he had what farmers call a long head; was excellent in working out the sum for himself; in arguing his case and convincing you fairly and firmly.

他是一位平凡的人，但生逢其时（但有不平凡的际遇）。初次见面，人们看不出他有什么才华。他不会以优越惹人不快（盛气凌人）。他的容貌与举止消除（人们对他的）猜疑，激发（人们对他的）信心，而且肯定他的善意。他是一位行为端正的人。他具有强烈的责任感，（尽忠职守），对他来说易如反掌。他有着农夫们所谓的“长头”（即深具远见），擅长于找出问题的症结，他辩才无碍，使人们对他的论点坚信不疑。

14 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

15 You couldn’t expect her to throw her arms round’ee, an’ to kiss and to coll’ee at once

你总不能指望她一下子就抱着你又亲又啃吧？

1. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.

2. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.

3. She is fidgety and restless.

4. All the inventors have a restless mind.

5. As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.

6. As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.

7. Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.

8. Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.

16 The weather of summer is hot, while winter is cold and dreary. Both of these seasons are not for us to study. In the time of autumn, cold winds which are not at all pleasant generally blow. But spring has none of these drawbacks; the flowers bloom, the woods and grasses grow luxuriantly. The weather is mild and the air is balmy. In fact, this season seems full of good things and better fitted to be the time for doing something.

夏天的天气炎热，冬天的天气寒冷阴沉。这两个季节均不适合我们读书。在秋天的日子，通常寒风飒飒，一点也不令人喜悦。但是春天毫无这些缺憾，(百)花儿盛开，草木茂盛，气候温和，春风和煦。事实上，这一季节似乎充满美好的事物，且是更宜于工作的时间。

17 The Presidency is an eighteen-century invention up against the problems of the late twentieth; it has never been as all-powerful as a generation of civics texts made it seem, and it has been further reduced by the reaction—some say overreaction—to its Empire Period under Johnson and Nixon.

总统的职务是在18世纪创立的，而现在面临的却是20世纪末的问题。这个职位从来没有像历代的公民学教科书中所描绘的那样权威赫赫；而且，经过约翰逊和尼克松两个王朝所得到的反应——有些人说那是过火的反应——使它已遭到进一步削弱。

18 She tries to calm her daughter with a faint smile and gentle caress of her hair.

她淡淡地微笑着，温柔地爱抚着女儿的头发，让她平静下来。

1. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current.

2. The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.

3. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.

4. He had the kindness to show me the way.

5. I had the fortune to become a teacher.

6. This little present is a token of our friendship.

7. While no one questioned his word, he was never a financial success.

8. The railway bridge is still under construction.

9. His suggestion is that we should set out before 8 o’clock.

19 The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensations as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature. A little cottage nestling amidst the wayside trees, the blue smoke curling up against the green, and a bower of roses round the door; or perhaps a village street of which the name has been long forgotten, with its rambling old inn, and, a little distance away, the hoary, grey church-tower in its township of tombstone—there are the pictures of old England that are carried away to other climes.

小小的农舍偎依在路旁的树丛中，袅袅炊烟飘向绿色的屏障，荫凉的蔷薇丛环绕着门庭；远处的小街可见一座设计不太规范的客店，灰色教堂的尖顶在不远处耸立于乡村墓地中——这才是古老英国的真实图景，这才是英国留给游客的印象。

20 We have achieved much because we have built on each other’s successes. We have been open to new partnerships, to new projects, to new ideas, and to new horizons. And above all, we have joined together as a Pacific community, turning a great ocean into a bridge, not a barrier, between nations.

我们取得了巨大成就，因为我们从各自的成功中相互受益。我们欢迎新的伙伴关系、新项目、新思想和新环境。最重要的是，我们作为太平洋地区的成员共同努力，将浩瀚的海洋变成了连接国与国之间的桥梁，而不是设置壁垒。

21 The list of candidates being talked about in Washington and on Wall Street is half what it was before the Nov. 2 election, when prominent Democrats such as former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin were considered hot prospects had Massachusetts Sen. John Kerry won the White House.

与11月2日总统大选之前相比，美国政府内部和华尔街所关注的美联储主席候选人人数减少了一半。当时假若民主党总统候选人约翰·克里成功入主白宫的话，同是民主党人的前财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾是新一任美联储主席的热门人选。

22 Never take a mean advantage of any one in any transaction, and never be hard upon people who are in your power. Try to do to others as you would have them do to you, and do not be discouraged if they fail sometimes. It is much better for you that they should fail in obeying the greatest rule laid down by our Savior than that you should.

在处理任何业务时，决不要占任何人便宜，也决不要苛刻对待你的部属。你要别人怎样对待你，你就要怎样对待别人(己所不欲，勿施于人)。如果他们有时亏待你，你也不必气馁。宁可别人不遵从我们救世主订下的最伟大的法规，你自己也不能违背

23 Mouth cancer was once considered to mostly affect older men, but it is now becoming more common in younger people and women. It is possible that binge-drinking and smoking could be helping to fuel rising rates of the disease as these are key risk factors.

过去一度认为那些年纪大一些的人更容易患口腔癌，但从目前情况来看，该病在年轻人中正呈现出与日俱增的发展趋势。医生们经研究认为，年轻人过度饮酒和吸烟可能是导致口腔癌在该群体中发病率节节上升的两个“帮凶”。

1. After the basketball match, he still has an important conference.

2. She lingered long over his letter.

3. The recruit threw the grenade 50 meters.

4.The development of economy remains one of the priorities of the Chinese Government.

5.White clouds float over the blue sky.

6. Long-range guns aimed at the position of the enemy.

7. Don’t get angry. I am just having a joke with you.

8. How time flies!

9. A red sun rising slowly on the horizon.

10. He is so absorbed in the work that he hasn’t had a bite since morning.

11. Hydrogen burns in air of oxygen, forming water.

12. More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially.

24The whole sky sparkled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for holidays.

?可怜织女星，化为马郎妇。乌鹊疑不来，迢迢牛奶路。

?鲁迅的杂文《二心集/风马牛》可以看作是对这首诗的注解。原来赵把上半身为人下半身为马的人头马怪物译成“半人半牛怪”，既然译“马”为“牛”，那么“牛郎”岂不成了“马郎”；既然把“银河”译成“牛奶路”，有了路还要鹊桥干什么？所以乌鹊也就不知道是不是还用来了。?William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚George W．Bush 乔治· W·布什

?Mark Twain 马克·吐温Helen Keller 海伦·凯勒

?Allen Greenspan 阿伦·格林斯潘

?Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林Casablanca 卡萨布兰卡

?Vancouver 温哥华Mexico City 墨西哥城

?Seoul 首尔Edinburgh 爱丁堡Frankfort 法兰克福

?East River 东河West Point 西点Green Island 绿岛Big Rapids 大瀑布城

Windward Islands 向风群岛Hardly Human 卜世仁

to be in the dog house 在狗窝里；实为“失宠或受冷遇”

?to bend sb’s ear 折弯某人的耳朵；实为“与某人交谈”

?to get the lead out 把铅弄出来；实为“振作精神或焕发热情”

?fruit 水果；俚语为“同性恋者”

?duck 鸭子；俚语为“奇特的人”，作动词用表示“闪避”

?He tried to duck his responsibilities.他想要逃避责任。

?on the make：英国指热衷于追名逐利，在美国多指一个男人拜倒在妇人石榴裙下

to go to sleep 长眠to be no more 没有了，不在了to close one’s eyes 闭眼，瞑目

to log down one’s life 献身to expire 逝世

to pass away与世长辞to breathe one’s last 咽气

to go west 命赴黄泉to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘

She is five months gone. 她怀孕5个月了

to wear the apron high不是围裙系得高高的，而是怀有身孕

to be in a delicate condition 不是处于碰不起的状态，而是怀有身孕的妇女

to be a parrot 鹦鹉学舌；人云亦云

a sly old fox老奸巨猾的人；老狐狸stir up a hornet’s nest 捅了马蜂窝

fish in troubled waters 浑水摸鱼turn a deaf ear to 置若罔闻

to fish for praise 沽名钓誉 a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟

like father like son 有其父必有其子Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

To die on one's feet is better than to live on one's knees. 好死不如赖活。

Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。

He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

Give knaves an inch and they will take a yard. 得寸进尺。

as strong as a horse 强壮如牛

bullshit 狗屁，胡说八道love me, love my dog 爱屋及乌

to shed crocodile tears 猫哭老鼠to throw pears before swine 对牛弹琴

as timid as a rabbit /chicken 胆小如鼠goose skin/flash 鸡皮疙瘩

the black sheep of the family 害群之马the goose is cooked 生米已经煮成熟饭

like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Live like cat and dog. 成天吵架。

monstrous audacity 狗胆包天Like begets like. 龙生龙，凤生凤。

A bull in a china stop 动辄闯祸的粗人A damned snobbish 狗眼看人低

A dog with two tails 非常高兴，兴高采烈After a storm comes a calm. 否极泰来。

He that respects others shall likewise be respected. 敬人者，人恒敬之。

All good things come to an end. 天下无不散之筵席。

Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 欲加之罪何患无词。

His eyes were sparkled with fire. 他的眼睛闪耀着激情之光。money bill 金融法案

real estate 房地产money market 短期资金市场game management 狩猎管理

treasury bonds 长期国债time deposit 定期存款idle loans 呆滞贷款，呆账

good governance 善政廉政

inventory 库存产品

第四单元

1 Sometimes an innocent person who is involved in an accident is crippled for life and the person who caused the accident might not have the money to pay him for years – but the insurance company does.

有时事故中的无辜受害者终身残废，而肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿，可是保险公司却赔得起。

2 And I will lay you ten to one that after you have answered the questions, and explained how to find the information, and why you want it, the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Garcia - and then come back and tell you there is no such man.

当你回答完这些问题，当你说明了怎样查以及你为什么要查之后，我敢跟你打个十赔一的赌，这个职员会离去并找其他职员协助他找加西亚—然后回来时他会说，你要了解的这个人根本不存在。

3 Yet as Indian IT companies are discovering as they develop local centers to service global customers, market access in China may add up to nothing if the country's graduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English.

然而，印度信息技术企业发现，在中国设立地区中心以期为全球客户提供服务时，进军中国市场的举动可能会毫无意义，要是中国软件专业的应届本科和研究生毕业生英语水平不高的话。

4 Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

这在西方倒是人之常情，许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位。

5 (Have I put the matter too strongly?) Possibly I have; but when all the world has gone a-slumming I wish to speak a word of sympathy for the man who succeeds, the man who, against great odds, has directed the efforts of others, and having succeeded, finds there’s nothing in i t: nothing but bare board and clothes.

（我是不是有点言过其实？）或许吧。然而在整个世界走下坡路的时候，有些人顶住了指挥下属的种种麻烦和压力，结果他成功了，成功后却发现：不过是一场虚无，下属们为公司干活不过只为衣食住行而已。让我们为这样的人士说句公道话吧！

6 Malaysia's Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities wants to include the mandatory sale of biodiesel in a proposed biofuel bill expected to be submitted for cabinet approval this month, a ministry official told the Financial Times.

马来西亚种植与原产业部希望将生物柴油的强制销售纳入将在本月提交内阁审批拟议的生物燃

料法案，这个部门的一名官员这样告诉《金融时报》。

7 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

行为主义者的看法是,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长, 而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力, 这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

8 Of course I know that one so morally deformed is no less to be pitied than a physical cripple; but in our pitying let us drop a tear, too, for the men who are striving to carry on a great enterprise, whose working hours are not limited by the whistle, and whose hair is fast turning white through the struggle to hold in line dowdy indifference, slipshod imbecility, and the heartless ingratitude which but for their enterprise, would be both hungry and homeless.

当然，我知道像他这样心理上不正常的人同身体上有残障的人一样值得我们同情。不过在我们同情他们时，别忘了还有另外一些，他们苦心经营着大企业，别人下班了，他们仍在工作。心不在焉的、懒散的、愚蠢的、忘恩负义的员工让他们伤透脑筋，他们的头发在日复一日的操劳中逐渐变灰、变白。若是没有他的企业，那些员工就要饿肚子并且无家可归。

9 Mr. Murdoch who owns the New York Post indicated that US newspaper’s editorial strategies were to blame for their financial problems.

拥有《纽约邮报》的默多克先生指出，美国报纸的编辑战略应承担报纸财务问题的责任。

10 After spending $1.5 bn so far this year on acquisitions such as https://www.sodocs.net/doc/543104265.html,, a fast-growing online community, and IGN Entertainment, a games and content site, Mr. Murdoch disputed the recent claim by Sir Martin Sorrell, chief executive of WPP, that some traditional media owners were panic buying new media assets.

迄今为止，默多克先生已花费15亿美元进行收购，如收购快速成长的网络社区https://www.sodocs.net/doc/543104265.html,，以及游戏和内容网站IGN Entertainment。默多克先生反驳了WPP首席执行官马丁索雷尔爵士最近的说法：一些传统媒体的所有者在恐慌性收购新媒体资产。

11 Mr. Murdoch, who once described classified re venues as “rivers of gold”, said: “Sometimes rivers dry up”.

默多克先生一度把报纸分类广告形容为“黄金之河”，但他说：“有时河流也会干涸。”

12 Copper prices, which reached record highs last week, fell back yesterday after China’s State Reserve Bureau failed to sell all of the metal it put up for auction this week.

铜价在上周创下历史新高，但中国国家物资储备局本周拿出拍卖的铜未能全部售出导致铜价昨天回挫。

13 He wants to write an article, which will attract public attention to the air pollution in this city.

他想写一篇文章，用来引起公众对该城市空气污染的关注。

14 The thief, who was about to escape, was caught by the policemen.

小偷正要逃跑时，被警察抓住了。

15 How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn’t know what the students are thinking and demanding?

一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么，需要什么，怎么能指望自己成为一个合格的教师呢？

16 When you apply for a job, you must present your resume.

当你应聘一份工作时，必须提交简历。

17 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded.

麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶

18 As soon as I have finished it, I’ll give you a call.

我一做完就给你电话。（一……就……）

19 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

一直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。（直到……才……）

20 He threw off his coat because he felt hot.

他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。

21 I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.

我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为他总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。

22 You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don't mind taking the night train.

如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京去参加那次会议

23 If I were you, I would not go.

我要是你我就不去。

24 If punished, they will not cooperate.

他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。

25 I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, however much it costs。

已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它。

26 Even if the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.

即便计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。

27 I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.

有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。

28 I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling.

我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。

29 They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.

通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了

30 In the course of a day, students do far more than just attend classes.

在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。

31 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed.

周密的调查已经表明：多达50%的病人没有按照医嘱服药。

32 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

凡是值得做的事，就值得把它做好。

33 Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.

一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时候会使生物学家颇伤脑筋。

34 It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards.

可以看出，这4种煤的总含硫量仅靠预洗是不能降低到接近标准规定的水平的。

35 It doesn’t matter whether we start now or later.

我们现在开始还是以后开始都没有关系。

36 It happened that I had bought the book.

我碰巧买了这本书。

37 I don’t remember whether I cried at that moment, but my sister did.

我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。

38 Your assumption, that things will improve, is unfounded.

你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。

39 He is not who he was thought to be.

他不是人们过去所想的那种人。

40 The end of the short-lived age of fossil fuels is already in sight; soon we will have consumed all the world’s resources of oil and coal.

短暂的矿物燃料时代结束的日子已经在望;不久，我们就会耗尽世界上所有的石油和煤炭资源。

41 Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see your shadow.

你要是面对阳光，那就看不到自己的影子。

42 Milk must be kept in a cool place, or else it will go sour.

牛奶要放在阴凉的地方，否则就会变酸。

43 The fuel must have been finished，for the engine stopped.

燃料准是用完了，因为发动机熄火了。

44 This machine is simple in design，yet it is efficient in operation.

这机器结构简单，但操作有效。

45 Even more interesting is the probability that life on other planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution.

更为有趣的是，其他行星上的生命可能已经处于更先进的进化阶段。

46 Only in Paris can you buy clothes and shoes like that.

只有在巴黎你才能买到那样的衣服和鞋子。

47 Up went the rocket into the air.

火箭直冲云霄。

48 Proudly, the captain hoisted the flag. Softly, a bugle sounded.

船长升起了旗子，满心自豪；喇叭声响了起来，清脆悦耳。

49 Not all the employees are to be laid off.

不是所有的员工都会被裁员。

50 He was not entirely happy.

[参考译文]他并不是很高兴。

51Not every man is polite, and all are not born gentlemen.

[参考译文]人人都懂礼貌，而不见得所有的人都是生为君子。

52 Pizza Hut was nowhere to be found in this small town.

[参考译文]这座小城哪都没有必胜客。

53 Every man can not be an artist.

[参考译文] 不是人人都可以当演员

54 No man can be an artist.

[参考译文] 没有人可以当演员。

55 You can’t make something out of nothing.

[参考译文]巧妇难为无米之炊。

56 We never thought of nothing wrong.

[参考译文] 我们从未想过不会出什么差错。

57 I worked and worked, and I didn't know how much I had not done.

[参考译文]我夜以继日地工作，不知道干了多少活。

58 I don’t suppose you need my help any more.

[参考译文]我看你不再需要我的帮助了。

59 You can find no reason for being lazy during studies.

[参考译文]你没有理由在学习中偷懒。

60 He is no more than a puppet.

[参考译文] 他只不过是一个傀儡。

He is no less guilty than you.

[参考译文]他和你同样有罪。

I desired nothing but to go home.

[参考译文]我只希望回家。

61 The chemical plant was built in 1963.

[参考译文]化工厂建于1963年。

The low staff morale was caused by the constant disagreements between the managers overseeing the project.

[参考译文]管理项目的经理们长期的意见不合使得员工士气低迷。

Very often, introductions are made using both first and last names.

[参考译文]介绍的时候，往往是连名带姓。

Heat can be converted to energy and energy can be converted to heat.

[参考译文]热可以被转换成能量，能量也可以被转换成热。

The performance, price and style of the car were considered important by Mr. Cheung.

[参考译文]车的性能、价格和风格对于张先生来说是十分重要的。

1) If you learn to read the signs, you can tell whether what a person says is what he really means, or whether, like the man whose stomach does not move when he laughs, he is trying to deceive you.

如果你学会理解这些姿势，你就能分辨出一个人所说的话是否是他真正要表达的东西，是否是那种“笑里藏刀”的人试图蒙蔽你。

2) As to the precise value of this initial fund of knowledge, this depends to a great degree on how it has been acquired and on who has been imparting it.

至于这种最初积累起来的知识有多少确切的价值，这在很大程度上取决于获得知识的方法和传授知识的人。

3) You are posted in what had preceded all this, but I was not.

你现在已经明白了这件事的全部原委，但我当时却全然不知。

4) The danger of a recession in world trade that could hit all countries cannot be ignored, but it would bear

most heavily on the weakest partners in the world economy.

能够冲击所有国家的世界贸易衰退是不能被忽视的，但受害最深的是在世界经济中最弱的那些伙伴。

5) If you would know the value of money, go and try to borrow some; for he that goes a borrowing goes a suffering.

要想知道钱的价值，就得体会一下借钱的滋味，因为那个去借钱的人会吃苦头。

6) Of many thousand spare parts does not come up to the standard but one.

在成千上万个备件中，就一个合格。

7) Very few will doubt that it is science which has at once quickened the demand for general education in modern times and the education itself effective.

绝大多数人将会意识到：由于科学高速发展，当今时代的教育普及必须加快步伐，而且对教育本身也提出了增效要求。

8) For the man sound in body and serene of mind there is no such thing as bad weather; every sky has its beauty, and storms which whip the blood do but make it pulse more vigorously.

对于一个身体健全、神志安详的人来说，根本不存在什么坏天气；在他看来，无论什么样的天气都有其美好的一面，譬如说暴风雨，它可以激荡血液的流淌，振奋一个人的精神。

9) And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.

他有着这样的母亲，出生在这样的地方和这样一类人中间。他很清楚，如果这些让她全知道的话，他该多么丢面子！

10) I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.

我就希望能在工作时死去。在弥留之际知道自己已经功德圆满并且自己的未竟之业已后继有人，就可以心满意足地离开人间了。

1) It is not a question how much a man knows, but what use he can make of what he knows; not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do.

问题不在一个人知道多少，而在于他能否运用他的知识；问题不在他学的是什么，受怎样的教育，而在于他的人品以及他的能力。

2) Future does not wait. It becomes present and past with every second that ticks. You have barely time to turn around and already the coming has met the going…what will be is entirely in what has been, and no matter how fast you run, tomorrow is behind you – never ahead.

[译文] 未来是不等人的。随着每秒钟的流逝，未来变成了现实，继而又成了往昔。你几乎来不及转身顾盼，来者就变成了逝者。……未来的一切全都蕴育于现实之中。不论你跑得多快，明天总落在你的身后，绝不会跑到你的前头。

3) Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement.

[译文] 甚至他的批评者们也承认，爱姆兹试验是一项突出的成就。这种试验是在实验室里进行的一种简便、廉价的操作方法，有助于检测出一种物质是否能引起癌症。

4) If we were not too proud to explain ourselves or to ask explanations of others, most of the misunderstandings of life would disappear.

[译文] 只要我们不持傲慢态度，凡事多加解释说明，同时也请求别人进行解释，那么生活中的大部分误会将会消除。

5) The material destruction of the war not so great but that it could by this time have been repaired, had a good peace been made without delay.

[译文] 假如当时立即恢复了和平，战争在物质方面的破坏无论怎样大，到现在也本来能够得到修复了。

6) I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to know a good deal about love, but I thought it was a matter that only concerned young people. I could not conceive that a man with a beard, who had sons as old as I, could have any feelings of that sort.

[译文] 我阅读过许多小说，在学校也学到了不少东西，所以对于恋爱的事不会不懂，但我想这只是年轻人的玩意。我认为一个于思老翁是不会有那种情感的，因为他的几个儿子都像我这样的年纪了。

7) This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can, nay, will, be ours.

[译文] 这并不是容易学到手的一课。特别是当我们年轻的时候，这一课尤其难学。因为我们在青春时期年轻气盛，认为世界是由我们掌握的，只要我们满腔热情、全力以赴地去追求，不管什么东西都能够得到——不，就一定会得到。

8) If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.

[译文] 你要是具有广泛的爱好和强烈的兴趣，而且还有能力参加一些活动，你就没有理由去考虑自己已经活了多少岁这样的具体数字，更没有理由去考虑自己的余年大概是很有限的了。

?原文Wh y do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn’t want to be considered for an administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow u p: money and power.

Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never fell ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I’m always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.

Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in class!

?[译文]

我告诉一位朋友我不想谋求行政职务时，他向我提出这样一个问题：你为什么要教书呢？美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该去追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不朝这个方向“发展”，这使他大惑不解。

当然，我之所以教书并不是因为做教师轻松。为了谋生，我做过各种各样的工作：机修工、木工、作家，可教书是最难的行业。就我而言，教书是个令人熬红眼睛、手掌出汗、精神沮丧的职业。说它是熬红眼睛的职业，是因为我晚上无论备课到多晚，总觉得准备的不够充分；说它是

令人手掌出汗的职业，是因为我进教室前总是紧张不已，认为学生会发现我原来是个笨蛋；说它是令人精神沮丧的职业，是因为我走出教室一小时后，仍觉得这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无味。

我之所以教书，不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，也不是因为我满腹经纶，非得与他人分享不可。有时，学生竟把我课上讲的东西做了笔记，这令我感到很惊异！

A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in the research fields. This is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society, where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. On the other hand, as many big enterprises and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate economic results and show comparatively little interest in long range research, there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field, where there are more jobs available with better salaries. All this has not only seriously influenced young people’s view on the choice of careers, but on education as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.

最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司，很少有人到研究单位。在崇尚物质的社会里，这是一个不可避免的问题。一方面，学生还没有走出校门，大公司便在竞相聘用他们，向他们提供具有诱惑力的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面，由于许多大企业，甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益，而相对来说，对长期的理论研究不感兴趣。所以研究人员不断地从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作就比在研究领域里好找，工资也往往高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响教育，许多大学老师哀叹，现在单纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。

第五单元

例1：……烧山芋和热茶的香味，便一下子扑入你的鼻子。抬头看，四周闪着微笑的眼睛，欢迎着，丝毫没有怪你唐突的神情。你刚开口说由哪儿来的时候，一杯很热的浓茶，就递在你的下巴边上。老太婆吩咐她的孙女，快把火拨大些，多添点子柴，说是客人要烘暖他的身子；你暖和了，还不觉得疲倦的话，你可以摸摸小孩子的下巴，拧拧他们的脸蛋，做一点奇怪的样子，给他们嬉笑。

[译文] Immediately your nose is filled with the aroma of hot tea and roast sweet potatoes. When you look around you see friendly faces smiling at you; there is no hint of anything like blame for what elsewhere might be considered as brusqueness. Scarcely have you begun to tell them where you come from when a cup of hot and strong tea is handed over to you. Grandma will tell her granddaughter to make the fire bigger and feed it with more wood because the guest needs more heat to warm up. When you are recovered from coldness and fatigue, you may play with children, stroking them on the chin, giving them gentle pinches on the cheek or making a face to provoke them to gurgle.

?例2：Phoebe Anna was thin and black，a very umbrella of a woman.

安娜是一个又黑又瘦的女人，活像一把细长的雨伞。

?例3：The newspaper quoted the study as saying abortion may be responsible for as much as half the over-all reduction in the U.S. crime rate that occurred from 1991 to 1997.

报纸引述这项研究说道，堕胎也许对于从1991年到1997年间美国的犯罪率的全面下降起到了一半的作用。

?例4：Some parents simply cannot stand letting their baby cry until he or she learns to fall asleep on their own, or when the baby awakens in the middle of the night. Most expert advice suggests this is shortsighted.

英语翻译基础期末复习完整

《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某

英汉翻译基础教程练习问题详解总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances.

英语翻译期末试卷

黄山学院初等教育学院2008－2009学年度第二学期06级英语班《英语翻译》期末考试卷 班级序号姓名成绩 一、选择题。（请将答案写在序号前面）20% 1. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. A. 许多领域的成功都取决于能否得到最新消息。 B. 田里的收成在很多方面依靠获得最新的消息。 C. 从很多方面讲，成功主要依靠在最后的时刻还能得到信息。 D. 在众多领域里，成功是获得最晚信息的保障。 2. At least three persons died in the fire and 23 others were injured. A. 至少3人因这次火灾和另外23次火灾造成死亡。 B. 起码有3个人在大火中丧命，23个以外的人受伤。 C. 火灾造成至少3人死亡，23人受伤。 D. 至少有3人死于火海，23人被火海包围。 3. Not only has he a first-class brain, but he is also a tremendously hard worker. A. 在一班，他不仅是头领，而且，也是一个非常严肃的工作者。 B. 他有一流的头脑，是个非常难对付的家伙。 C. 他不仅头脑好用，而且，还喜欢做极端困难的工作。 D. 他不仅头脑非常聪明，而且，工作上也非常勤奋。 4. It is reported that some areas of Australia have had no rain for more than four years. A. 有报道说，澳大利亚地区已经4年多没下雨了。 B. 据报道，澳大利亚的部分地区有4年多没下雨了。 C. 澳大利亚的个别地方被报道说没下雨的时间已经超过了4年。 D. 报纸报道，某些澳大利亚地区已经有4年多没下雨的时间。 5. The village was named after the high mountain standing in front of it. A. 这个村庄是以矗立在它面前的那座高山命名的。 B. 这个村庄的名字是来自于它面前的那座高山。 C. 这个村庄的名字是在前面的那座高山之后起的。 D. 这个村庄的名字是以站立在它面前的那座高山起的。 6. It was officially announced that the birth rate dropped greatly in the past three years. A. 据官方宣布，出生率在过去的三年中有了大幅下降。 B. 正式宣布，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 C. 正式宣布，出生率大幅下降在过去三年。 D. 据正式声明，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 7. The introduction of the new technique reduced the cost of the product three times. A. 对新技术的介绍，使产品的成本减少到三分之一。 B. 新技术的引进使产品的成本减少了三倍。 C. 对新技术的介绍使产品的成本减少到原来的三分之二。 D. 新技术的引进使产品成本减少了三分之二。 8. If you are buying a car, you may pay for it out of savings. A. 假使你正在买一辆汽车，你也许会透支购买。 B. 如果你要买一辆汽车，你可以用自己的储蓄存款支付。 C. 假定你打算买一辆汽车，你得花掉你得全部存款。 D. 加入你买一辆汽车，你需要用你的积蓄交此款。 9. Full-service banks can offer services unavailable at smaller financial institutions. A. 全面服务的银行能提供在小财政机构所不能获得的服务。 B. 提供全方位服务的银行能提供较小的金融机构所不能提供的服务。 C. 充满了服务的银行可能提供给较小的财政机构某些无法获得的服务 D. 全面服务的银行可能提供服务，这种服务是较小的金融机构所不能提供的。 10. The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position. A. 我们要求应聘高职位的求职者需具备以下资历。 B. 应聘以上职位，需具备下列资格。 C. 候选人为了高职位要求自己具备以下资历。 D. 以下资历是对应聘此职位的候选人的要求。 二、用正反表达法翻译下列句子。20% 1. The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 2. I wonder if he is coming. 3. Your request is beyond my power. 4. You will fail unless you work harder. 5. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 6. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 7. Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 8. The doubt still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 9. Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. 10. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 三、用重复法翻译下列句子。20% 1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 2. It's our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 3. People forget your face first, then your name. 4. Each had his own business to handle. 5. Big families had their own difficulties.

英汉翻译期末考试题 样卷

样卷 广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院 《英汉笔译》2011-2012学年上学期期末考试试卷（A） 考核方式：开卷 考核对象：国际商务英语学院法律英语系2009级考试时间：120分钟姓名______________ 班级________ 学号____________________ 分数___________ PART I. LEGAL TERMS (20%, one point for each) 1.outstanding liabilities 2.without prejudice to PART II. Translation Improvement (30%) Directions: There may be one or more errors or inappropriate treatment in each of the following TRANSLATED VERSIONS. Please underline it (or them) and then correct it (or them) in the corresponding space provided on the ANSWER SHEET. If you believe the whole translation is wrong or inappropriate, you are advised to underline the whole translation. Marks will be given if you have identified and properly marked the error(s). (2 points for each save as specified otherwise) 21.His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 原译：他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 改译： 22.The new father wore a proud smile. 原译：那位新父亲面带得意笑容。 改译： PART III. SENTENCES (30%) Directions: Translate the following sentences. Employ the translation skill suggested in the brackets where appropriate. (3 points for each save as specified otherwise) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/543104265.html,mission depends on the quantity of goods ordered. (Amplification) 32.We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. (Conversion) PART IV. PASSAGE (20%) Translate the underlined part of the following passage. 1

英语期末考试翻译句子

Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.

大学汉英翻译教程-Note

Chapter one 2012-3-27 ?翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。 ?Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation. ?翻译三原则（George Washington Campbell，Alexander Fraser Tytler） 1.原作的意义、意思 2.原作的思想、精神 3.流畅、通顺 ?翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration ?山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before. 才学最差，叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with… 乱七八糟at sixes and sevens 千载难逢once in a blue moon 路必有弯，势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning. 家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. ?The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION 1.准确读音 2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling 地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an 一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han; 一般名词要小写 3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva 4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee 5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork 6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University Chapter two 2012-3-28 ?The classification of CULTURE 1.物质文化material culture 2.制度文化institutional culture 3.心理文化mental culture ?中英思维方式对比 1.中国人注重伦理，英美人注重认知 2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维；英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维 3.中国人重直觉，英美人重实证 4.中国人重形象思维，英美人重逻辑思维 Chapter three 2012-3-31 ?词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比 1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义，相当于一种约定俗 成的认知 2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold. 他老婆红杏出墙，给他戴了顶绿帽子。此处注意红和绿。?词语英译与语言语境 1.根据语言语境确定原文词义：“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with 贬 2.根据语言环境选择译文用词：①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .

(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业

翻译理论与实践课作业 天津科技大学外语学院 作业一：字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义： wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. If you think I am for him, you are all wet. She wet her pants at the news. State state and revolution, state of the union the united states. 3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化 Every life has its roses and thorns. She stood there chewing over the strange thing. The engine sounds good. At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 4.词的褒贬：comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。Through；free He slept the night through. There is a through train to Beijing. Through this way, they finished the task. She is free with her money. I made her free of my library. 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit 暴发户半边天红卫兵 2意译法 blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket 炒鱿鱼下海白拿 3.直译意译结合法 the apple of one’s eye as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon as cool as a cucumber Black sheep as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法

《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(篇章翻译)【圣才出品】

第7单元篇章翻译 7.1 复习笔记 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。语篇包括“话语”（discourse）和“篇章”（text）。语篇特征为：连贯、衔接，且具有明确的论题结构。 一、衔接 根据Halliday和Hasan的著作《英语中的衔接》，衔接手段大致可分为两种：语法衔接手段（grammatical cohesion）和词汇衔接手段（lexical cohesion）。前者又可以包括指称（reference）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）和连词（conjunction）。 1. 指代 指代主要分为三类：人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。 英语中，为了实现衔接，一般尽量采用代词指代前面出现的名词。汉语倾向于重复前文出现的名词，或者采用“零式指称”，省略主语。例： My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 【译文】朋友有点不好意思地说，买这座房子时，孩子们还在上学，如今都成家立业了。 2. 省略

省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例： I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语，使行文简练流畅。 （1）名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例： Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.（Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T） 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所，是因为它是新建的，而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮，屋里有暖气，这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中，ones替代了abode；译文中，“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 （2）动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例： And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来，这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中，did替代了walked amid peril；译文中，该处同样进行了省略处理。 （3）小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例： “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

实用汉英翻译教程 参考答案

Beidaihe Seaside Resort The Beidaihe Seaside Resort, a famous summer resort in China, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Qinghuangdao. With the Bohai Sea to its south and the Lianfeng Mountains to its north, the resort enjoys a long coastline, fine beaches and a calm sea, ideal for bathing. Moreover, the weather at the seaside is mild all the year round with the temperature in the hottest month averaging only 23°C. The sea wind by day and the land breeze by night make the place a best summer vacationland. The natural charm of Beidaihe is breathtaking. The East and West Lianfeng Mountains with their luxurious pines and cypresses and grotesque rocks extend far into the distance. In front of the mountains lies a vast expense of ocean stretching to the horizon while beautiful villas and buildings dot the green landscape. On the East Lianfeng Mountain, a rock looks just like a lotus flower, and two other rocks on the West Lianfeng Mountain, standing face to face, resemble two persons having a conversation. Meng Jiangnu Temple Meng Jiangnu Temple, 6.5 kilometers to the east of Shanhaiguan Pass, was first built in 1594, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that the husband of a women named Meng Jiangnu was sent to work on the Great Wall. To bring him winter clothes, Meng Jiangnu came to Shanghaiguan Pass from thousands of miles away. When she was told that her husband had died at work, she cried her heart out. Her tears of anguish bust the Great Wall and she jumped into the sea and died. Later, a temple was built in memory of her. It stands on the top of a hill, with stone steps leading to it. There are two halls in the temple. In the front hall stands the clay statue of Meng Jiangnu in plain white clothes, facing the sea with a sorrow look. In the rear hall is the statue of the Goddess of Mercy. Behind the hall is the “Rock of Waiting for the Husband”, the marks on which are said to be Meng Jiangnu’s footp rints. Nearby stands her Dressing Pavilion. Beijing-Toronto Hotel/Jinglun Hotel Beijing-Toronto is located on Jiangguomenwai Avenue, downtown Beijing, in the vicinity of the embassy quarters, Friendship Store and a number of major commercial buildings, with the world-famous Tian An Men Square only ten minutes away. Beijing-Toronto has 659 spacious rooms and suites, with wide comfortable beds. They are all equipped with modern facilities such as central air-conditioning, color TV with satellite transmitted programs, IDD and DDD calls and mini-bars, meeting international standards. In our room, one cannot help but feel cozy, comfortable and satisfied.