2009年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2009年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解

一、将下列文章译成汉语（50分）

It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow,but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters:multiyear ice.It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage’s waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean,thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia.

The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time.For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today’s space race,with European superpowers vying for the prize.Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada’s Arctic waters,including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake,Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson,who left his name—and lost his life—on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance.

Now,with the Arctic’s sea ice shrinking at a rate of10percent per decade,this coveted shipping lane has opened for business—but shippers are not rushing to use it.The reason:as fate would have it,global warming appears to also be increasing the amount of potentially deadly multiyear ice chunks lurking in the newly opened pathway.

“The thing is,the Canadian Arctic has a totally different ice regime than the Arctic Ocean,”says Stephen Howell,a climatologist at the Interdisciplinary Center

on Climate Change at the University of Waterloo in Ontario.

In fact,the Canadian Arctic Archipelago acts as a“drain trap”for ship-wrecking multiyear ice,Howell says.This year,for example,when the first-year ice in the passage had melted,it opened the way for multiyear ice(MYI)from the Queen Elizabeth Islands to flow into and clog the Northwest Passage.“We call it a ‘MYI invasion’and that’s going to be the threat as we transition to an ice-free summertime Arctic,”he says.

“The first-year ice,that’s sort of like Swiss cheese and you can just plow through it,”Howell says.This ice freezes over a winter and is seldom thicker than three feet(one meter).Often,first-year ice melts the summer after it’s frozen,but if it doesn’t,it becomes thicker the following winter and becomes multiyear ice.“The multiyear ice isn’t like Swiss cheese;it’s solid and trouble”for ships that collide with it,he says.(392)

【参考译文】

据说因纽特人有很多描述雪的词语，但就西北航道而论，只有一种冰冻水是重要的：多年冰。多年冰可以像刀切黄油一样划开船身。即使北冰洋正遭遇前所未有的变暖现象，这些冰层仍顽固地存在于航道的水域中，阻碍着那些寻找欧亚间通行捷径的船只。

自去年西北航道首次融冰，这条充满传奇色彩的航线就成了头条新闻。三个世纪以来，在大西洋与太平洋之间寻找迅捷航路的过程堪比今日的太空竞赛，欧洲各超级大国相互角逐。数百名水手和无数支探险队冒险进入加拿大北极圈的水域。他们中间知识渊博的人不乏著名的航海家：弗朗西斯·德拉克爵士、库克船长，以及命运悲惨的亨利·哈德逊——他把名字留在了加拿大海湾的入口处，而自己也丧命于此。如今，随着北冰洋的冰层以每十年10%

的速率收缩，这条众人垂涎已久的航线已经可以通航。然而，船主们并没有一拥而上。原因是注定的：全球变暖似乎也将增加多年冰的数量，这些冰块暗藏于新开辟的航道中，具有潜在的致命危险。

“问题是加拿大北极区域的冰层情况与北冰洋的完全不同”。斯蒂芬·豪威尔说，他是安大略省滑铁卢大学气候变化跨学科研究中心的气候学家。

事实上，对于易引发船难的多年冰而言，加拿大北极群岛实际上就像一个“排水阱”，豪威尔如是说。举例来说，当今年西北航线上的一年冰融化时，多年冰就可以从伊丽莎白女王群岛一路流入西北航线造成拥塞。“我们把这种情况叫做‘多年冰入侵’，在北极进入无冰夏季后，它将对航运造成威胁。”他说。

“一年冰就像是瑞士乳酪，你可以啃上一口。”豪威尔说。这种冰是在一个冬天里冻结起来的，厚度很少超过3英尺（1米）。通常一年冰在冻结之后的那个夏天里就融化了，而没有融化的那些就会在往后的冬天里结得更厚，形成多年冰。“多年冰可不像瑞士乳酪，它们很坚硬，（船只撞上它们就会）很麻烦。”他说。

二、将下列短文译成汉语（25分）

We,the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G-20,have a common goal of promoting employment,welfare and development in our countries.We are convinced that strong and sustained economic growth is necessary both at national and global level to achieve this end.We have therefore discussed the requirements for long-lasting growth on the basis of our own experience and believe that domestic policy needs to address three tasks: establishing and maintaining monetary and financial stability;enhancing domestic

and international competition;and empowering people to participate. Transparency and accountability within an internationally agreed framework of codes and standards remain key to ensuring sustained economic growth and stability at the global level.We agreed on the following key elements that will guide our domestic economic policies in the future.In implementing these elements, microeconomic aspects must be given due consideration.As these principles are interlinked,they must be implemented consistently,with due regard to possible trade-offs and complementarities,because many single elements have the potential of blocking the positive effects of others.While appropriate and credible policies are the basis for economic growth,they need to be backed by high-quality institutions,including ethical standards in corporate governance.Policymakers should build institutions in parallel with engaging in reforms and also ensure that institutions stay consistent with the requirements of a changing environment. However,given the diversity of institutional settings and the success of different economic strategies among G-20countries,there is no single template for strong long-term growth.Policies need to be shaped to the special circumstances in individual countries.(266)

【参考译文】

我们G-20成员国的财政部长和央行行长们有着促进本国就业、福利和发展的共同目标。我们相信，只有在国家、全球两个层面上均实现强有力的持续经济增长，这一目标才能达成。因此，我们根据自己的经验，讨论了持久增长的要求，认为国内政策需解决三个任务：建立和维护货币和金融的稳定，推动国内和国际竞争，使人民参与其中。国际规范和标准的

框架内部的透明度和问责制仍是确保全球范围内经济持续增长和稳定的关键。我们同意以下几个指导未来国内经济政策的主要因素。落实这些因素时，应充分考虑微观形势。由于这些原则内部相互关联，必须一以贯之，适当顾及到可能的平衡和互补，因为许多单一因素都有可能阻碍其他因素的积极影响。虽然合适可靠的政策是经济增长的基础，他们也需要优良制度的支持，包括公司治理的道德标准。政策制定者应该在改革的同时建立制度，并且确保制度满足不断变化的环境的要求。然而，鉴于制度设定的多样性和G-20国家的不同经济策略的成功，强劲的长期经济增长并没有一个统一的模板。各国需根据自己的具体情况制定政策。

三、将下列文章译成英语（50分）

国庆节常回家，那个黄河边上的乡村，开小汽车的乡亲开始多见，虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变，但当我看到他们开上价值20多万的汽车时，我很是欣喜。

但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街头的聊天，乡亲告诉了我这里发生的两件事。首先是旁边村子里一个人被同村的三兄弟杀死在家中，事情起源于土地租赁，因为租金高低的纠纷，欲强租土地的人找人把不愿意接受租金价位的人打了，还发出狠话，打死也就是几万块钱的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟联合起来，有了这一命案，四个家庭随之破碎。还有一个发生在我们村里，收割玉米的乡亲欲从邻居家地上开车通过，邻居老太太心疼庄稼不许，争吵中躺在自家田头说：要过，就从身上轧过。于是车轰鸣着，轧过老人，陪了几万块私了。

儿时的乡村，是可以夜不闭户的。放学回家，有时家中无人，邻居大婶总是招呼到他们家，坐在饭桌前，一切都是那么自然。农忙时，家里农活忙碌，邀邻居来帮，只需吃顿简单的饭，聊聊天。现在这里，生活的认知和价值观已经发生了很大的改变。我们都知道，国家在大力发展农村经济，我也期待家乡环境的改善，也相信很快就会有大的变化，但乡村的这些事也让我思考，我们是否应该在文化价值观方面，做出相应的指点和引导呢。（495）

【参考译文】

I returned to my hometown during the National Day holiday.In the village on the Yellow River,I saw more and more people driving cars.Although their appearance has not changed much,I was excited to see them own cars that cost over200,000yuan.

However,my excitement disappeared when I learned about two incidents during a chat on the street.The first one happened in the neighbouring village, where a man was killed in his home by three bothers from the same village.The story began with a dispute over the land rents.A local bully wanted lease land from a villager,but the owner was unwilling to accept the low price offered.So the bully hired someone to beat up the owner and threatened that killing him was nothing but a couple of ten thousand yuan.The enraged victim then garnered the support from his two brothers.Hence the murder,and four shattered families.The second incident took place in my own village.One of our village folks needed to drive through the adjacent field to harvest corn.The neighbour,an old granny,refused as that would crush her crops.As the argument escalated into a quarrel,the old lady lay down on the ground and challenged:“If you want to pass,drive over my body!”And so did the driver.The case was settled for a couple of ten thousand yuan.

While I was young,the village was so safe that we need not shut the doors at night.When I came back from school and there was no one home,the aunty next door would always invite me to her place for a meal.Everything seemed so natural. During the harvest season,when we asked our neighbours for help,the return was

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

考研英语2000阅读及翻译

考研英语－-２０00-阅读及翻译

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２000Passage 1 1. A histoｒyｏf ｌong and efｆｏrtless sｕｃｃess can be a ｄreaｄｆｕl ｈaｎdicap, but, if proｐｅrly haｎdleｄ,it may become a dｒiｖｉng force. When the UniteｄStａtes entereｄｊｕｓt sｕch a glowing pｅriod ａfｔer ｔhe ｅnd ｏf the Ｓeｃond Ｗorｌd Ｗａr, iｔhadａｍａrkeｔｅighｔｔiｍｅｓl ａrger than anｙｃompetｉｔｏr，ｇiving iｔs inｄusｔriｅs unpａrａlｌｅｌｅｄeco ｎoｍies ｏf scａle．Itｓｓcientiｓts were tｈe wｏrld's bｅst, itｓｗoｒｋers thｅmｏsｔskiｌled．Ａmericａand Ａｍericans ｗeｒe prospeｒoｕsｂｅyonｄｔhe dreamｓof thｅEuropｅaｎｓａnd Asｉans whoseｅconｏmieｓｔhe war ｈaｄdｅstroyed. 一段长时间并且不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的不利因素,但若处理得当，这种不利因素也有可能转化为一种积极的推动力。二战结束后,美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大8倍的市场，这使其工业经济具有前所未有的规模经济。美国的科学家是世上最优秀的,它的工人是最富于技术的。美国的国富民强是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚诸国做梦也无法达到的。 Iｔwas inｅvｉtable thａt ｔhis ｐｒｉmaｃy shoulｄhave naｒroweｄas otheｒcoｕnｔｒieｓｇrew rｉcher. Ｊust as iｎevｉtａbｌｙ, tｈe ｒetreat from ｐrｅdomiｎancｅpｒoｖed paiｎful．By the mid-1９８0s Ameｒicans had fｏｕｎd thｅｍｓｅlves at a lｏｓs over ｔheir fａｄing ｉndustrial comｐetｉtiｖenｅｓs．Ｓomｅhuｇe Aｍerican inｄustｒiｅs, suｃh ａs conｓumer elｅctrｏｎics, ｈａｄsｈrunkｏr vaｎished ｉn tｈe facｅof fｏreigｎｃompetｉtｉｏn. Ｂy 19８７there waｓonly one Amｅrican teleｖisiｏnｍakerｌeｆt，Zenitｈ．(Now th ｅｒe is nｏｎe:Zeｎitｈwaｓbｏｕｇｈｔby South Koｒea's LG ElectｒonicｓiｎＪuｌy.) Foｒeign－maｄe carｓaｎd textiｌe s were ｓｗｅeping intｏtｈe ｄoｍestｉc market. Aｍeriｃａ＇s machｉne-tool industrｙwas on tｈe ropes. 2．Fo ｒaｗｈiｌe it looｋｅd as tｈouｇｈthe ｍａｋｉng of ｓemicoｎductorｓ,wh ｉch America haｄｉnｖｅnted ａｎd ｗhich sat at ｔhe heａrtｏf tｈｅｎeｗｃomputer aｇe, was goingｔo be the nｅｘt caｓuａlｔy. 随着其他国家日益强盛，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。从优势地位上退出的痛苦也同样是不可避免的。到了80年代中期,面对其日益衰退的工业竞争力，美国人感到不知所措。面对国外竞争,一些大型的美国工业,如消费电子产业，已经萎缩或渐渐消失。到1９87年，美国只剩下Zeniｔh这一家电视生产商。(现在一家也没有了:Zeｎith于当年7月被韩国ＬG电器公司收购。)外国制造的汽车和纺织品正在大举进入国内市场。美国的机床工业也即将灭亡。人们曾一度感觉下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的似乎该轮到美国的半导体制造业了，而在新计算机时代有着核心作用的半导体正是美国人发明的。 Aｌｌof tｈiｓcａused a crisis of conｆｉdenｃe．Ameｒicans stopｐed takingｐrosperｉty for gｒanｔed.Ｔhｅy began to bｅlieve thａt thｅｉr wa ｙｏf doｉｎｇbｕsiｎｅｓｓwas ｆailｉng，aｎd tｈａt ｔheir incoｍｅs would ｔherefｏre shortlｙｂｅgｉn to fall aｓｗelｌ.The ｍid-198０s bｒought ｏne

历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38

历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38 英译汉：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。 2014年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happ y, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and wh at doesn’t. Final ly, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 翻译 大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。 Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

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