英汉翻译基础教程

英语翻译基础教程

总主编：冯庆华主编：冯庆华陈科芳

1 “意思”的译法

甲：这是一点小意思，请务必收下。

乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套。甲：哎，只是意思意思，乙：啊，真是不好意思。

译文：A：This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation .Please do take it . B：Oh， aren't you a bit too polite ? you should not do that .

A: Well ,it just conveys my gratitude.

B: Ah, thank you then ,though i really do not deserve it . 2 “说”

（1）阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！《阿Q正传》

译文：Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground ,spat ,and swore ,“hairy worm!”

(2) “三个臭皮匠，合成个诸葛亮”，这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。《毛泽东选集》

文: The old saying ,"three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind ,"simple means the masses have great creative power.

（3）：也不知安居乐业，最早见于什么典籍，四个字一针见血的点名了生活中的一个因果关系。译文：I can not say in what canon the words "secure in one's home and happy in one's work" first appeared ,but that expression cuts to the core of a primary determinant in human life.

3 你们偶然看见一颗花生瑟缩的长在地上，不能立刻分辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触到它时你才能知道。

译文1:When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground ,you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears ant nuts until you touch them .

译文2：When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground ,you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it up.

4金杯牌充气床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便。译文：The 'Gold cup' Brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology .with novel，structure, beautiful shape and various patterns ,they are comfortable and convenient to carry.

5 人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房。

译文：when anyone among the people breaks the law ,he too should be punished ,imprisoned.. 6只有充分发展商品经济，才能把经济真正搞活，使各企业增加效率。译文：the development of a commodity economy is the only way to invigorate our economy and promp t enterprise to raise their efficiency .

7 我的姐姐又因为我不爱整洁而向我唠叨地劝戒了。

译文：my sister has been preaching at me again about my lack of neatness.

8我国人民在中国共产党第十五次全国代表大会的精神鼓舞下，正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路，满怀信心，昂首阔步地迈向二十一世纪。

Inspired by the spirit of 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China , the people of C hina are advancing confidently towards the 21st century along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics .

9本公司生产的地毯美丽大方、光彩夺目，富丽堂皇。

The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent .

10我们进行了长期不懈的努力。

We have made unremitting efforts for it .

11目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后应该仔细研究、认真考虑和反复推敲。 Target priorities should be very carefully studied .

12那件令人不快的事件，已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。 There has been much publicity about the unpleasant case .

13在长期的革命历程中，各民主党派与中国共产党同呼吸共命运。

In the protracted process of the Chinese revolution ,the various democratic parties shared a com mon fate with the Chinese Communist Party .

14我们的教育方针，应该使受到教育者在德育，智育，体育几方面都得到发展，成为有社会主义觉悟，有文化的劳动者。

Our education policy must enable everyone who receives an education to develop morally ,intelle ctually and physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture。

15一定文化是一定社会的政治和经济的反映，一定的文化又给以一定社会政治和经济以巨大的作用和影响。

Any given culture is a reflection of a given society ，and the former in turn has a tremendous effect and influence on the later。

16潘一堂虽然没有儿没女，但很爱穷人的小孩。

译文1：Pan Yitang ，an old bachelor ，liked the children of the poor very much。

译文2：Pan Yitang， though with no family of his own ，liked the children of the poor very much。17他等着她来，急的像热锅上的蚂蚁。

He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation。

18妈妈非常激动，我感到她的背在颤抖，就在那一刻，我第一次明白妈妈也有脆弱的一面。In that moment

feeling mother?s back racked with emotion， I understood for the first time her vulnerability。19语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort 。

20交易增加，要求流通的货币量也增加。

译文1：The fact that business increases requires that the amount of money ，which is generally circulated，also increased。

译文2：An increase in business requires an increases in the amount of money coming into general circula tion。

21政府支持这个项目。

The government is behind this project。

22这时，只见一个人，头上蒙着一个湿淋淋的口袋，从冒着熊熊烈火的后门直冲进去。 Then a figure with a dripping-wet bag round its head dashed through the flame-filled back door。

23我看不起他，他酗酒，好赌，语言粗俗。

What I despise about him was his drinking ，gambling and cursing。

24看来我们的发展，总是要在某一个阶段，抓住时机，加速搞几年，发现问题及时加以治理，尔后继续前进。

译文1：it seems that we should hold on to opportunity in a certain period accelerate our development fo r several years。

As problems crop up in the process ，

we will solve them immediately and continue to forge ahead。

译文2：it seems to me that ，as a rule，at certain stages we should seize the opportunity to accelerate development for a few years ，deal with problems as soon as they recognized，and then moved on。

25美国移民研究中心1999年9月发表的一份报告指出，移民的贫困率1979年至1997年间增长了123%，移民贫困人口从270万增加至770万。1989年至1997年在新增贫困人口中，移民达300万人，占75%。

A report by the American center for Immigration Research in September ，1999pointed out that the poverty rate of poor immigration increased 123percent between 1979a nd1997，and the population of poor immigrants soared from 2.7million to7.7million .indeed ，between1989 and 1997 ，the newly increased poor population， 3 Million were immigrants，accounting for 75 percent of the total。

26你是知道的，咱们家所有的这些管家奶奶们，哪一个是好缠的？错一点儿他们就笑话打趣，偏一点他们就指桑骂槐的抱怨。

译文1：And you know how difficult our old stewardess are ，laughing at the least mistake and “accusing the elm while pointing at the mulberry tree” if one shows the least bias 。

译文2：And you know what a difficult lot those old stewardesses are. The tiniest mistake and they are all laughing at you and making fun : the tiniest hint of favouritism and they are grumbling and compl aining .you know their way of “curing the oak-tree when they mean the ash”

27只为工业积累，农业本身积累的太少或者没有积累竭泽而渔，对于工业的发展反而不利。If agriculture accumulated only for industry and very little or none for itself ,that would mean “dr aining the ponds to get all the fish “and would only harm the development of industry.

28不要动声色，不要打草惊蛇。我们不妨看看他们如何活动，。

Don?t say anything about it; we mustn?t beat the grass and startle the snake. There is no harm in our keeping an eye on the sort of activities they engage in,

29对于他们，第一步不是锦上添花，而是雪中送炭。

For them, the prime need is not “more flowers on the brocade? but “fuel in snowy weather”

30我们强调直译是翻译成语的第一选择。然而，汉语成语并非是每条都能按字面直译，有些成语的比喻形象是译文读者所不能接受的。如“眉飞色舞”，死翻译成 his eyebrow are flying and his countenance is dancing，势必会贻笑大方的，使读者不知所云，莫名其妙。我们可根据改成语的实际意义译为：to beam with joy。请看下例：粗枝大叶 to be crude and careless

死译 with big branches and large leaves

无孔不入 to take advantage of every weakness

死译 to get into every hole

扬眉吐气 to feel proud and elated

死译 to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath

红灯酒绿 dissipated and luxurious 死译 with red lights and green wine

纸醉金迷 luxury and dissipation 死译 with drunken and bewitched

开门见山 to come straight to the point 死译 to open the door and see the mountain

单枪匹马 to be single-handed in doing sth 死译 with a solitary spear and a single horse

大张旗鼓 on a large and spectacular scale

死译 to make a great array of flags and drums

风雨飘摇 being unstable

死译 the wind and rain are rocking

海阔天空 at random 死译 with a vast sea and a boundless sky

31有的小伙子还总结出一条恋爱经验，“先不能让她知道你是矿工，等把她俘虏了，再亮番号。”

Some of them even came to some conclusions about “the art of the love” first of all ,you shou ld never let her know you are a miner until you have completely at your feet .

32我一律回答：“不知道。”跟着就会听到一句，“别来这个了，你还能不知道！”

I invariably answered “ I don?t know” which was usually followed by” come .Don?t tell me you d on?t know by now.

33同学和老师觉得我有问题，精神不正常了，家纺.谈话，拉我回正道——老老实实的念最为普通的，也是最普遍的书。我有我的主见，绝不反悔。

My classmates and teachers thought there was something wrong with me ,that I was off my hea d .they came to our places to talk to me round ,steer me back on to the “right track”——get me t o crack the standard textbooks. But I struck to my guns

34由于大多数谚语采用生动形象的比喻只要不影响读者的理解，我们应尽可能的使用直译方法，把原文的内容，形式和精神都输入到译文中，努力减少翻译中的损失。

明枪易躲暗箭难防。 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open ,but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding. 城门失火，殃及池鱼。 A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat .

路遥知马力日久见人心。 As a long road tests a horse?s strength so a long task proves a person?s heart.

路遥知马力日久见人心。 New-born calves make little of tigers.

上面的谚语的比喻生动形象，其深层意思更能为读者所接受。如果把这些谚语进行直译，就无法传达原文中的形象比喻，这是翻译中不应有的损失。试看下面2例的意译路遥知马力日久见人心。Time reveals a person?s heart. 初生牛犊不怕虎。Young people are fearless.

这样的句子明显失色于真译，失去原文中的活力。

35有一部分也因为语言结构和文化背景的差异，无法进行直译。这部分谚语一般有很强的比喻，或者根本没有比喻。我们就没必要追求原文的形式了。硬是直译反而会使读者不知所云。或者译文牵强附会。意思会帮助译文读者更好的理解原文。

失之东隅收之桑榆。What one loses the swings one gets on the roundabouts

(如直译为lose where the sun rises and gain where the sun sets,会使读者感到很费解). 塞翁失马焉知非福？a loss may turn out to be a gain ,(由于读者不理解该谚语的意思，无法理解他的直译：when the old man on the frontier lost his mare, who could have guessed it was a blessing in disg uise?

庆父不死鲁难未已 there will always be trouble until the trouble-maker is removed.(如直译为 Until Qing Fu is done away with ,the crisis in the state of Lu will not be over.读者无法搞清文中的人名和国名)

此地无银三百两。

A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence.(由于读者不了解该谚语出处，不宜直接译成NO 300 taels of silver buried here)

饱汉不知饿汉饥。The well-fed don?t know how the starving suffer . 不要译为：a magnates is unconscious of the misfortune of a pauper.

一物降一物there is always one thing to conquer another. 不要译为：every existence has its vanquisher

36谚语翻译要注意语言的艺术性，一要注意用词的精炼，二要注意上下句的对仗。不能只用于随便的口语句子来翻译原文。

嘴上没毛。说话不牢。Downy lips make thoughtless slips

不可译为：a man without mustache or beard may make careless remarks。

吃一堑长一智 a fall in the pit，a gain in the wit . 不可译为：let us learn from our mistakes.

37我能和你说句话吗？--滚开!

Can I have a word with you ?—Sod off!

38去你们的，我可要回家了。Balls to the lot of you . I?m going home! 39谁他妈的把电视机搞坏了?Who has fucked up the TV? 40不要胡说八道！don?t talk crap/shit! 41小妇养的！动了兵器了。

Son of bitches！ They?re using weapons now。 42忘了本的小娼妇！

Ungrateful slut！

43他妈的，你们有话就说吧！

If you have something to say ,say it ,damn you ! 44还有你这个浪货，跟谁不行，非跟他！And you too, you baggage. Couldn?t you have picked somebody else ? why did it to be him ? 45

王八蛋们，怎么又在这碰上啦？

You devils ，so we meet again。 46鲁侍萍：（大哭起来）哦，这真是一群强盗。（走至周萍面前，抽噎）你是萍，——凭——凭什么打我儿子的？Lu Shiping (breaking down) you are hooligans, too! (going across to Zhou Ping )you?re my——mig hty free with your shits! What right have you to bit my son?

47中国还有一句成语，3个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。单独的诸葛亮总是不完全的，总是有缺陷的。Sill another Chinese proverb says three cobblers with their wits combined equal zhuge liang the mastermind. Zhuge liang by himself can never be perfect ,he has his limitations.

48这对年轻夫妇并不匹配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。

This young couple is not well matched ,one is a XiShi——a famous Chinese beauty ,while another is a ZhangFei ——a well-known ill-tempered brute.

49鸳鸯：“我是横了心的，当着众人在这里，我这一辈子莫说是‘宝玉’，便是…宝金?, …宝银?…宝天地?, …宝皇帝?，横竖不嫁人就完了！”

译文1：Well，my mind?s made up. Everybody here can bear witness. I shall never marry so

long as I live ,neither Bayu with his precious jade, nor someone born with silver or gold ,not even a Heavenly or Emperor!”

译文2 :But I?ve made my mind up, and I?m telling your Ladyship here, in front of all these witnesses. I don?t care whether it?s Master Bao or Prince Bao or the Emperor Bao, I don?t ever want to mar ry anyone . .

50有话明说，在这鬼鬼祟祟的做什么？

Why not talk openly instead of in this hole-and corner fashion?

51钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名为“钟书”。

When Qian was just one year old ,he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many ot hers:; he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name Zhon gshu.

52 他说他老师认为他的文章很精彩，但我从他老师那里听到的确是“王婆卖瓜自卖自夸”He said that his teacher considered his work brilliant ,but I would rather hear it from his teacher?s own mouth, every potters praises his own pot.

53 一肚子的酒，几乎化为醋酸。。。

The wine in Hsin-mei?s stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealousy.

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某

英汉互译简明教程第一章

第一章 一、概述 1.（1）英语：是语法型，重语法结构，注重以形显意，靠关联词，用显性连接 （2）汉语：是语义型，重语义结构，通过逻辑纽带或语序间接地表现出来，隐形连接。 2.英语的形式接应手段：除关系代词、关系副词、连接代词、连接副词之外，还有若干连词和为数众多的介词。英语的句子通常均有各种关联词来表示多种语法关系。 3.翻译特点（意合与形合）： （1）英语译为汉语：形合转为意合类似松绑（注意汉语意合表现力、句法特点） （2）汉语译为英语：意合转为形合类似（注意符合英语句法结构），要求上下文中语义搭配合乎事理，强调的是语言结构内部意义关系的“意合”，即造句注重意念连贯，具体表现是关联词的大量省略，很多成分也经常隐去。 4.关于形合与意合的说明：虽然英语和汉语句法中有形合与意合的 特征以及两者相互转换的必要，但不能由此推断英语中的形合结构必须一律转换为汉语的意合，或汉语的意合一律转成英语的形合。因为每一种语言都有自身的伸缩性，形合与意合两种句法在英语和汉语中同样是存在的，只是在汉语中意合更为普遍，而英语中形合更为普遍。 二、例句 1.形合到意合的转换： （1）I may be wrong and you may be right,and by an effort ,we may be nearer to the truth.也许我是错的，你是对的。我们做出努力，就会更接近真理。 (2)Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genius delight in what one is able to accomplish with one’s own hands.现在美国有一个奇特的现象：一方面人们为上升到不在需要靠体力劳动谋生的地位而感到自

郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】

第5章翻译常用的八种技巧 5.1 重译法 一、英译汉 1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。 2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. 【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。 3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. 【译文】运河是交通的动脉，开运河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。 4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’. 【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。

5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因：第一个原因是向西部的扩展，第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。 6. …for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. 【译文】……以便建立农业和工业学院。这些学校一方面是教育机关，另一方面，也是农业科学的研究中心。 7. …This is nothing li ke back home in Colorado. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer... 【译文】……这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。科罗拉多也下雨。春夏两季雷雨交加……【解析】原文第二句用there代替in Colorado，而译文重复“科罗拉多”。 8. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 【译文】全世界在注视着。全世界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。 9. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people.

《英汉翻译理论与实践》教学大纲

《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 （英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice） 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排（见下表）： 教学内容与学时安排表

2、课程教学目的与要求： 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程，其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅，翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系： 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读，综合英语，语法学，词汇学，英美文化等课程，这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映，它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力，而且它与英美文学，语言学，口译，高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书： 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社（2003年4月第1版）教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text

英汉翻译教程试题

高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一 （英语专业） 英汉翻译教程（三） Part One I.Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each）A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home. A.对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。 B.对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。 C.对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。 D.对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。 2.So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires. A.因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑，并投向史奎尔先生。 B.因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑，并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。 C.因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 D.因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 3. People disappear in that river every year, one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration. A. 这条河里年年都有人消失，”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 B. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 C. 这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 D. 年年都有人消失在这条河里，”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。 4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase environmental law ” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.

(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业

翻译理论与实践课作业 天津科技大学外语学院 作业一：字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义： wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. If you think I am for him, you are all wet. She wet her pants at the news. State state and revolution, state of the union the united states. 3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化 Every life has its roses and thorns. She stood there chewing over the strange thing. The engine sounds good. At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 4.词的褒贬：comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。Through；free He slept the night through. There is a through train to Beijing. Through this way, they finished the task. She is free with her money. I made her free of my library. 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit 暴发户半边天红卫兵 2意译法 blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket 炒鱿鱼下海白拿 3.直译意译结合法 the apple of one’s eye as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon as cool as a cucumber Black sheep as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法

《英汉翻译简明教程》学习辅导书(课文-演 讲)【圣才出品】

第10单元演讲（Speeches） 10.1 复习笔记 翻译理论选读 一、 A New Concept of Translating by Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. T aber Each language has its own genius.1 In the first place, it is essential to recognize that each language has its own genius. That is to say, each language possesses certain distinctive characteristics which give it a special character. 尤金·奈达(Eugene A. Nida)博士是美国圣经学会翻译部主任。他不仅在美国主持《圣经》的英译工作，还在世界各地指导许多其他语言的翻译工作。 奈达认为，过去人们在翻译过程中过于重视与原文在形式上保持一致，而他主张着重考虑读者对译文的反应，应使译文的读者和原文的读者产生同样的感受。 关于原语，就《圣经》而言，也就是希伯来语和希腊语，奈达认为它们也不过是工具，被人们用来表达《圣经》里包含的意思而已。 关于译语，奈达认为每一种语言都有自己的特点，在构词法、语序、句子结构、谚语诸方面各不相同。各个民族的文化背景不同，对各自的语言也产生不同的影响。译者不必因为译语缺少某种表达方式而抱怨；相反地，他应该尊重这一语言的特点，最大限度地发挥其潜

力，以找出适当的表达方式。他的结论是，要想使译文保持原作的内容，就必须在形式上有所改变。 word-building capacities, unique patterns of phrase order, techniques for linking clauses into sentences, markers of discourse,2 and special discourse types of poetry, proverbs, and song. Each language is rich in vocabulary for the areas of cultural focus, the specialties of the people, e.g., cattle (Anuaks in the Sudan), yams (Ponapeans in Micronesia), hunting and fishing (Piros in Peru), or technology(the western world). Some languages are rich in modal particles.3Others seem particularly adept in the development of figurative language, and many have very rich literary resources, both written and oral. To communicate effectively one must respect the genius of each language. Rather than bemoan the lack of some feature in a language, one must respect the features of the receptor language4and exploit the potentialities of the language to the greatest possible extent. Unfortunately, in some instances translators have actually tried to “remake” a language. For example, one missionary in Latin America insisted on trying to introduce the passive voice of the verb into a language which had no such form. Of course, this was not successful. One must simply accept the fact that there are many languages which do not have a passive voice. They merely choose to report actions only as active. Rather than force the formal structure of one language upon an- other, the effective translator is quite prepared to make any and all formal changes5 necessary

实用英汉翻译教程答案

实用英汉翻译教程答案 【篇一：大学英语实用翻译教程练习答案】 s=txt>第二章第一节 练习一：p10 一、 1．保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题，但这不过是问题的一 个方面而已。 2．这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。 3．科学已成为力量的一种源泉，不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。 4．建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。 5．查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头，后来内战爆发，并 在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。 6．在开辟第二战场之前，美国步兵精神饱满，营养充足，还没有 在战斗中受过创伤。 练习二：p16 一、 1．已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。 2．每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。 3．城乡之间的差别依然存在。 4．那一年，建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。 5．这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。 6．凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解 答的问题上。 练习三：p19 1．所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。 2．他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。 3．各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。 4．个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。 5．解放前，这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问，结果经常发生地方性病疫。

6．他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。 第二章第二节 练习一：p26 一、 1．我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。 2．第二天一早，饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后，他们便动身了。 3．你愿意别人如何待你，你就应该如何待别人。 4．这部打印机真是物美价廉。 5．我七岁时就会织毛衣。 6．钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。 二、 1．he who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 2．before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 3．the ear is the organ which is used for hearing. the nose is used for smelling. and the tongue is used for tasting. 4. modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 5．as it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night. 6．internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse. 练习二：p30 一、 1．勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。 2．她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸。 3．柯达321a型微胶片阅读器操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观。 4．海洋与其说是分隔了世界，不如说是连接了整个世界。 5．他这次旅行既有军事上的目的，又有政治上的目的。 6．我希望这次会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。 二、

实用汉英翻译教程 参考答案

Beidaihe Seaside Resort The Beidaihe Seaside Resort, a famous summer resort in China, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Qinghuangdao. With the Bohai Sea to its south and the Lianfeng Mountains to its north, the resort enjoys a long coastline, fine beaches and a calm sea, ideal for bathing. Moreover, the weather at the seaside is mild all the year round with the temperature in the hottest month averaging only 23°C. The sea wind by day and the land breeze by night make the place a best summer vacationland. The natural charm of Beidaihe is breathtaking. The East and West Lianfeng Mountains with their luxurious pines and cypresses and grotesque rocks extend far into the distance. In front of the mountains lies a vast expense of ocean stretching to the horizon while beautiful villas and buildings dot the green landscape. On the East Lianfeng Mountain, a rock looks just like a lotus flower, and two other rocks on the West Lianfeng Mountain, standing face to face, resemble two persons having a conversation. Meng Jiangnu Temple Meng Jiangnu Temple, 6.5 kilometers to the east of Shanhaiguan Pass, was first built in 1594, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that the husband of a women named Meng Jiangnu was sent to work on the Great Wall. To bring him winter clothes, Meng Jiangnu came to Shanghaiguan Pass from thousands of miles away. When she was told that her husband had died at work, she cried her heart out. Her tears of anguish bust the Great Wall and she jumped into the sea and died. Later, a temple was built in memory of her. It stands on the top of a hill, with stone steps leading to it. There are two halls in the temple. In the front hall stands the clay statue of Meng Jiangnu in plain white clothes, facing the sea with a sorrow look. In the rear hall is the statue of the Goddess of Mercy. Behind the hall is the “Rock of Waiting for the Husband”, the marks on which are said to be Meng Jiangnu’s footp rints. Nearby stands her Dressing Pavilion. Beijing-Toronto Hotel/Jinglun Hotel Beijing-Toronto is located on Jiangguomenwai Avenue, downtown Beijing, in the vicinity of the embassy quarters, Friendship Store and a number of major commercial buildings, with the world-famous Tian An Men Square only ten minutes away. Beijing-Toronto has 659 spacious rooms and suites, with wide comfortable beds. They are all equipped with modern facilities such as central air-conditioning, color TV with satellite transmitted programs, IDD and DDD calls and mini-bars, meeting international standards. In our room, one cannot help but feel cozy, comfortable and satisfied.

英汉互译教程要略

英汉互译教程总复习 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。 17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 主人对他的冷淡使他更加不自在。 23．I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.

英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】

《英汉翻译教程》 第一章总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 （张培基等1983） 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有―象胥‖（谓通言语之官）这一名目，唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到―译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。‖这条注疏，关于翻译的定义，足以给人不少启发。用现代文艺理论和语言理论，也许可以诠释为：翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字，而并不变更所蕴含的意义，——或用近年流行的术语说，并不变更所传递的信息，——以达到彼此沟通，互相了解的目的。 （罗新璋1984） 一、关于翻译 何谓翻译？关于翻译的定义很多。根据《现代汉语词典》，翻译是―把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来‖。根据《剑桥语言百科全书》，―翻译‖这个中性术语是指将一种语言（―原语‖）里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言（―目的语‖）的意思所做的一切，不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为，所谓翻译，是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。（《奈达论翻译》，1984）有人把翻译看作是一门科学（science），因为它有自身的规律可循；有人看作是一门艺术（art），因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程；也有人看作是一门手艺（craft），因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。在自动化数据处理中，翻译又被定义为：―将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言，或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。‖（《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980）凡此种种，不一而足。但是，在经济和文化日益全球化的今天，翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。 翻译是国际间理解的钥匙，据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者（据L·G·凯里1979）。季羡林教授也说，翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说，从中国来讲，没有翻译工作，就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动，就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化；从世界范围来讲，没有翻译，就没有世界和平，就没有各种国际交往，就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。中国加入WTO后，翻译的重要作用就更是不可忽视。经济竞争是在交际中进行，而没有翻译在场，交际就很难进行，交际不成，生意就做不成。因此，翻译的作用，再怎么强调也不过分。 关于翻译的种类可以从下面几个角度来划分： （１）从原语和目的语的角度来看，翻译可分为本族语译为外语，外语译为本族语两大类。 （２）从翻译的手段来看，可分为口译、笔译、手势翻译和机器翻译。

英汉翻译教程(英语易)

《英汉翻译教程》翻译理论·固定短语·单元小结一卷通Unit 1 Stories 译学点滴：翻译的标准 译学点滴：怎样读懂原文 Unit 2 History 译学点滴：把握全篇而后译 译学点滴：“Readability” Unit 3 Geography 译学点滴：提高文字水平无止境 译学点滴：用知识武装自己

Unit 4 Economy 翻译理论简介：佛经翻译鸠摩罗什1对佛经贡献 2 翻译倾向 玄奘1对佛经贡献 2主张 翻译理论简介：严复与“信、达、雅”严复1翻译标准 2 《天演论》及其他译作 翻译理论简介：林纾1《巴黎茶花女遗事》及其他译作 2在中国文学发展史上的作用 3钱中书对林译的评论 Unit 5 Culture 翻译理论简介：鲁迅与1译作概述 2对翻译工作的态度 3主张宁信而不顺，凡是翻译，必须兼顾2面 一当二当瞿秋白与鲁迅关于翻译的通信 翻译理论简介：郭沫若与1关于理想翻译的论述 2 主张“翻译工作者必须有” 茅盾1主张“直译，同时保留” 2 1954年关于文学翻译的论述

Unit 6 Literature (1) 翻译理论简介：傅雷1对于翻译工作的态度 2主张“重神思不重形似” 翻译理论简介：关于风格1 周洵良关于风格的论述 2 周洵良对“雅”的解释“”翻译理论简介：王佐良1关于直译与意译的论述 Unit 7 Literature (2) 翻译理论选读：(1) Cicero西塞罗《论演说术》 (2) Saint Jerome 哲罗姆《论最优秀的翻译》 翻译理念选读：Tytler’s Three Principles泰特勒《论翻译的原则》我国对泰特勒三原则的介绍和评论 Unit 8 Popular Science 翻译理论选读：不应该这样翻译马克思的著作恩格斯 翻译理论选读：确切翻译的原则费道罗夫《语言和翻译》