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1.able, capable, competent

able为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如：He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)

2.aboard, abroad, board, broad

aboard 在船(或飞机，车)上。如：I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词，在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad.board 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。如：The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词，宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders.

3.accept, receive

accept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。)

4.accident, incident, event

accident事故。如：a traffic accident (交通事故)incident“附带事件”，在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件，事变。event “事件”，指特别重要的事件，通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果，也指国家和社会的事件。

5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain

accomplish表成功，强调完成的结果而不是过程。如：Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力，事情都已完成了。)

complete 表示积极的完成，更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如：Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗？)finish 最常用，后接动词的-ing形式，表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如：I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)achieve 完成，实现，强调通过努力而达到目的。如：You will achieve success if you work hard.Attain 达到，实现，常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如：Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.

6.accurate, correct, exact, precise

accurate准确的，精确的。如：Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)correct“正确的”，指符合一定的标准或准则，含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.exact“精确的”，“恰好的”，比“大体上正确”更进一步，表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调“精确”，“精密”。

7.accuse, charge, sue

accuse 指责，指控，常与of 搭配。如：His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常与with 搭配。如：The police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常与for 搭配。如：Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire

achieve(成功地)完成，实现。如：He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作，将会一事无成。)acquire取得，获得，学到。如：acquire knowledge (获得知

识)inquire打听，询问。如：inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)require需要。如：We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)

9.act, action, deed

act 用作名词时，与action, deed均可表“行为”，“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为，强调结果。如：The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)action较正式，往往指不止包含一个步骤，且持续时间较长的行为或行动，强调行为的过程。如：Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。)deed为正式用语，多指伟大的，显著的，感人的行为。如：They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)

10.actual, true, real, genuine

actual 意为“实际的”，“现实的”，指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在，而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。true“真实的”，指与实际相符，而非虚假。genuine “真的”，“非冒充的”，“货真价实的”，强调正宗而非冒牌。

11.adequate, enough, sufficient

adequate 足够的，指数量多，适合需要的数量。enough足够的，指数量多，足够满足某种目的或愿望。sufficient同enough，常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多，足够满足某种需要，在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient，在不易肯定时多用enough。Enough 可放在被修饰名词后，且可作副词，sufficient则不可这么用。

12.admit, confess

两者都表“承认”。admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如：John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)Confess常指承认错误，罪行等。如：The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。)

13.advice,advise

advice劝告(名词)。如：I want to give you some advice.advise劝告(动词)。如：What do you advise me to do?

14.adopt, adapt

adopt (1)收养。如：Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳，采用，通过。如：He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)adopt与adapt词形相近，后者的意思是“使适合”，“改编”等。

15.advance, proceed, progress

均可表“前进”。advance表向一个特定的目的地，在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如：Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动，常表停顿后继续前进。如：They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)peogress 多表自然过程，指生长，发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如：The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭，很快又是夏天了。)

16.advantage, benefit, profit

advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位，机会或时机。如：He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)

profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗？)benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如：I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)

17.advise, convince, persuade

均可表“劝说”。advise表建议，规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如：He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。)convince指向某人陈述事实，运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如：We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如：I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。)

18.affect, effect

affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.effect效果，影响(名词)。如：Government policy will not have any effect on us.

19.afford, provide, supply

都有“提供，供给”的意思。afford一般只用于抽象事物。provide 和supply意思相同，两个词都和with连用，构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。

20.agree, consent

agree 为常用词。如：Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗？)consent为正式用词，多用于上下级的关系，表示同意别人的要求或请求。如：Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗？)

21.aid, help, assist

用作动词均可表“帮助”。aid为正式用词，help最常用。assist最正式，表示协助某人做某事，尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如：She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。)

22.alive, living, live

alive 指虽有死的可能，但仍活着，一般只作表语。living可用于人或物，作定语时可前可后。live只做前置定语，用于动物和个别事物前。

23.almost, nearly

一般说来，almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。在all, every, always 前，两者都可用。如：He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用，而nearly却不能。如：Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。)

24.alone, lonely

alone只表“独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩，只作表语；lonely表“孤独”，：“寂寞”，能作定语和表语。如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)alone, only均可表“只有”，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置于被修饰词前。如：He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)

25.already, all ready

already已经(副词)。如：The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.all ready准备好的(作表语)。如：We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.

26.alter, change

作不及物动词时，两者可通用。作及物动词时，alter是对局部，表面的改变，而change则是对本质的，全面的，彻底的改变。如：Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件衣服吗？)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗？)

27.altogether, all together

altogether总计，总共。如：Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。)all together 全都在一起。如：We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。)

28.amaze, astonish, surprise

都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。amaze强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。astonish表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。surprise 只表“出乎意料之外”。

29.among, between

among 在……中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如：Our house is hidden among trees.between在两者之间。如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.

30.announce, declare

announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情，含有预告的意味。如：The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。)declare指正式负责地宣布，声明，通常用于庄重的场合。如：The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)

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