旅游宣传资料汉译英

旅游宣传资料翻译

Translation of TPM

旅游翻译的重要性和紧迫性

旅游业--- 21世纪的朝阳产业

世界旅游组织预测：到2020年，中国将超过其他国家，成为世界第一大旅游目的地国、第四大客源输出国，届时，将有1.37亿人次来中国参观、访问和游览，中国也将有1亿人到世界各地旅游。

2000年，我国首次提出建设“世界旅游强国”的宏伟战略目标--- 到2020年，我国要实现从“亚洲旅游大国”到“世界旅游强国”的历史性跨越。

旅游翻译的范围

“旅游涉及多种学科，面广且…杂?。从自然科学到社会科学，从天文地理到风土人情，甚至文化娱乐、吃穿用住，真可谓无所不包，无所不有。因此，旅游资料也涉及多种知识，多种体裁。” （王治奎）

“旅游实用文种类很多，包括与旅游有关的书信、广告、旅游日程安排及旅游条件书、旅游景点介绍、通知、电讯、有关合同、讲话等。其中多数可划为其他文体。” （陈宏薇）

旅游宣传资料翻译的界定

TPM(Tourist Publicity Materials) 的翻译是指以国外普通旅游者为对象,介绍中国旅游事业和旅游资源的各种资料的翻译,不包括为到中国旅行的各方面的专家翻译的各种专著。

旅游宣传资料包括图书、画册、导游图、明信片、幻灯片、电视录象片、电影记录片等。

旅游宣传资料的特点

体裁多样：描写、记叙、说明兼而有之

功能多重：具有信息功能、美感功能

和祁使功能

内涵丰富：承载大量文化信息，具有明显

的文化特征

文学性强：旅游文学丰富多彩（有关名胜

古迹的诗词曲赋、佳句楹联、

传说掌故、散文游记等数不胜

数）

翻译中应注意语言差异

意义语境和引申(Contextual and Extended Meaning)

文字重复和简练(Repetition and Succinctness)

主语省略和增添(Subjectlessness and the Subject)

语态被动和主动(Passive and Active V oices)

句子意合与形合(Parataxis and Hypotaxis)

结构分割与合并(Structural Dividing and Joining)

翻译中应注意文化差异

价值观念的差异

思维方式的差异

审美情趣的差异

TPM翻译的指导性理论

功能理论(functional theory)：Peter Newmark 将语言功能分为六类

文本理论(text typology)：信息文本，目的是实现文本的交际功能（tourist-oriented） 目的论(skopos theory) --- 传播中国文化，吸引游客，让外国人看懂、听懂、读懂

翻译原则

“以中国文化为取向；以译文为重点。” （张宁）

合作原则（cooperative principle)

信息冗余(redundancy)

翻译策略1

信息不足的情况下：解释、增加、类比

信息量过大的情况下：删减、释义、编译

翻译策略2

直译

音译

音译加意译

意译

解释

增添

删减

名胜古迹名称的翻译

音译

1太和殿--- Taihedian

2中和殿--- Zhonghedian

3保和殿--- Baohedian

4乾清宫--- Qianqinggong

5交泰殿--- Jiaotaidian

6坤宁宫--- Kunninggong

7三潭印月--- Santanyinyue

8鹰嘴岩--- Yingzuiyan

音意双译：专名音译，通名意译

1太和殿--- Taihedian Hall

2中和殿--- Zhonghedian Hall

3保和殿--- Baohedian Hall

4乾清宫--- Qianqinggong Palace

5交泰殿--- Jiaotaidian Hall

6坤宁宫--- Kunninggong Palace

7鹰嘴岩--- Yingzuiyan Cliff

意译：

1太和殿：The Throne Hall of Supreme

Harmony; The Hall of Grand Harmony 2保和殿: The Hall of Guaranteed Harmony

3文华殿：Hall of Literary Glory

4三潭印月:（保留原文形象及内涵）

Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 5紫来洞：（保留原文文化、历史内涵)

Purple Source Cave

6寒山寺：Cold Mountain Temple

7鹰嘴岩: （保留原文形象）Eagle Beak Cliff

8拙政园：Garden of Humble Administrator

9狮子林：Lions Grove

音译和意译结合：

大观园: 1. Daguanyuan (Grand View Garden)

2. Daguanyuan or Grand View Garden

潇湘馆：Xiaoxiangguan (Bamboo Lodge)

怡红院: Yihongyuan (Happy Red Court)

蘅芜苑: Hengwuyuan (Alpinia Park)

稻香村: Daoxiangcun (Paddy-Sweet Cottage)

大观楼: Daguanlou (Grand View Pavilion)

缀锦阁: Zhuijinge (Variegated Splendor Tower)

含芳阁: Hanfangge (Fragrant Tower)

蓼风轩: Liaofengxuan (Smartweed Breeze Cot)

藕香榭: Ouxiangxie (Lotus Fragrance Anchorage)

紫菱洲: Zilingzhou (Purple Caltrop Isle)

旅游景点名称翻译的统一

不统一的现象严重：

太湖：Tai Lake; Taihu Lake

黄山：Huangshan Mountain;

Huang Mountain

豫园：Yu Garden; Yu Yuan Garden

统一的办法：

1旅游点名称如属汉语“单名”，为了照顾音节和外国人的习惯读法，最好把名字后面的“湖”、“山”、“园”等同时音译出来。

2如果旅游点名称是“双名”，则不必音译后面的词。

增添

增添理解原文内容所必需的背景知识，如：历史事件发生的年代，名人的生卒年代，他们的身份及其在历史上的贡献，名胜的具体位置等等

路左有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书“云外留春”四个大字。

To its left is another rock formerly engraved with four big Chinese characters Yun Wai Liu Chun (Beyond clouds and flows spring) written by Su Dongpo (1037—1101), the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty (960 ---1127).

林边有一个洞，叫白龙洞。传说《白蛇传》的白娘子曾经在这里修炼。

Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very place where Lady White, the legendary heroine of The Story of the White Snake, cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine.

寺前有冷泉，飞来峰等诸胜，据说苏东坡守杭时，常携诗友僚属来此游览，并在冷泉上“书扇判案”。

…It is said that the Northern Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo, when he served as governor of Hangzhou, used to go to the temple with his friends and subordinates for a visit. And he is said to have handled a court case in the Cold Spring for the owner of a fan shop, for Su was a famous painter, calligrapher as well as a poet.

绍兴是越瓷的产地。

Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelain. Yue is a state name used to refer to the Shaoxing region in Ancient China.

解释

解释是指增加的部分是对字、词、句的字面意思的解释。

花港观鱼：Hua Gang Guan Yu (Viewing

Fish at Flower Harbor)

孤山: Gushan (Solitary Hill)

湖南省位于长江中下游南部，东经108度至114度，北纬24至30度。因地处洞庭湖之南，所以叫做湖南。

Huan Province lies just south of the middle reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River between 108? and 114? E longitude and 24? and 30? N latitude. As it is also situated south of Lake Dongting, the Province has the name Hunan, which means “south of the lake”.

还有传说中的白鹤泉、笑啼崖、响鼓岭旅游点。登上传说中的望湘亭，俯瞰长沙，景象万千。

There are also legendary Baihe (White Crane) Spring, Xiaoti (laugh and cry) Cliff and Xianggu ( Loud Drum) Ridge. From the Wangxiang (looking down at Huan) Pavilion high on the Yuelu Peak, one ca n have a bird?s-eye view of the beautiful Changsha.

语言功能

1信息功能(informative function)

2表情功能(expressive function)

3祁使功能(vocative function)

4美感功能(aesthetic function)

5酬应功能(phatic function)

6元语言功能(metalingual function)

中国旅游文化

1984年出版的《中国大百科全书人文地理》对“旅游文化”的界定是：

旅游与文化有着不可分割的关系，而旅游本身就是一种大规模的文化交流，从原始文化到现代文化都可以成为吸引游客的因素。游客不仅吸取游览地的文化，同时也把所在国的文化带到游览地，使地区间的文化差别日益缩小。绘画、雕刻、工艺作品是游人乐于观赏的项目。戏剧、舞蹈、音乐、电影又是安排旅游者夜晚生活的节目。诗词、散文、游记、神话、传说、故事又可将旅游景物描绘得栩栩如生。

旅游文化是旅游三要素相互作用所产生的物质和精神的成果，三者中又以自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源的文化内涵为中心。

旅游三要素：旅游主体--- 游客

旅游客体--- 旅游资源

旅游介体--- 旅游文化

旅游六要素：食住行游购娱与文化水乳交融

亚洲主要旅游目的地分为三类：

1 具有交通优势地区，如新加坡

2 工业国，如日本

3 拥有特殊旅游资源的国家，如中国

中国旅游文化的方方面面

山水文化

聚落文化

园林文化

建筑文化

宗教文化

民族文化

民俗文化

饮食文化

诗词文赋文化

书画雕塑文化

戏曲舞蹈文化

工艺美术文化

花鸟虫鱼文化

文本类型

表达型

信息型

指示型

所谓以中国文化为取向，就是尽量保留中国文化信息，尽量多地宣传中国文化，因为了解中国文化是外国旅游者的重要目的，而翻译的主要目的就是促进文化交流。 所谓以译文为重点，即指翻译旅游资料时，既要忠实于原文又不拘泥于原文。要从译文读者的角度出发，对信息进行适当调整，让他们好读好懂。

大学英语汉译英答案

Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去，突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了？ W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨，你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的，不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。

汉译英常用技巧

词汇汉译英常用技巧（1）对等译法 对等是翻译的最高境界，但完全的对等几乎是不可能的。所以，可以采取大致对等的手法（所谓大致对等，是指比喻的方式基本一致，但意象,也就是比喻所用的image发生了改变）： e.g.1.扪心自问，他不得不承认自己错了。 By searching his heart, he could not but admit that he was in the wrong. 2.你真是福星高照。 You have a lucky star above you. 3.我们必须全力以赴，拿下这场比赛。 We must go all out to win this game. 4.你真不该插手他们的事情。 You really shouldn’t have poked your nose into their business. 5.那种情形之下，他除了忍气吞声又能怎样呢？ As things stood, what could he do but swallow the insult? 6.他们个个摩拳擦掌，士气高涨，准备再打一个漂亮仗。 Being in high morale, every one of them rolled up their sleeves, eager to win another brilliant victory.

7.为了救他的母亲，他赴汤蹈火。 He went through fire and flood to save his mother. 8.在纽约市寻找一个失落的小孩，那简直是大海捞针。 Looking for a missing child in New York City. Tha t’s like looking for a needle in a hay stack. 9.对问题视而不见并不能解决问题。 Turning a blind eye to a problem won’t solve the problem. 10.为了迷人眼目，他们把自己打扮成革命者。 To throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries. 11.有时候老虎走近些，但对驴子还是敬而远之。 Sometimes the tiger ventured nearer, but still kept a respectable distance from the donkey. Exercise : 1.哀公问于孔子曰，寡人闻之，东益宅不祥，信有之乎？孔子曰，不祥有五，而东益不与焉。夫损人益己，身之不祥也；弃老取幼，家之不祥也；择贤用不肖，国之不祥也；老者不教，幼者不学，俗之不祥也；圣人伏匿，天下之不祥也。兆:presage ;omen 损人益己:to harm others to benefit oneself 贤:solon/sagacious person 不肖:unworthy 俗:custom 圣人:sage/saint 伏匿/匿伏:to stay in concealment

西南大学18年12月[0169]《汉译英》参考资料

×??×××??×? CADBADCBC 1. Now I am the father of several children. I love children, but I don't have the idea of fathers of my predecessors. Helping children to old age is not enough. I praised the virtues of my fathers, but I couldn't follow them. I feel that my children are tired of me and I am bound to a great extent. I have no permanent plan for them, not even the shortest. "If someone asks, I'd like to give them away!" I often say, when I'm tired of children. Alas, compared with the fathers of the previous generation, I think our generation is poor in vitality. Our people in their twenties and thirties are not as strong as their predecessors in their sixties and seventies. Although they die of old age, they are really alive now and in the future. And we, though alive, are already dead. 2.George Clooney was undoubtedly one of Hollywood's most successful actors, but it wasn't until he married Amal Alamuddin that he suddenly joined forces to form another identity, a "working couple". Dual-career couples refer to two people who want to succeed in their respective fields while supporting each other's ambitions. This relationship takes many forms. Obviously, both of them may not have their own careers, but research shows that if you are now in partnership, you and your spouse have paid jobs in most cases. For example, about 48% of married couples in the United States are now "dual workers", compared with 25% in 1960. For families with children, the proportion would increase to 61%. In Britain, about two-thirds of families with two adults have two incomes

新视野大学英语读写教程汉译英翻译答案

第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international

汉译英的几种翻译技巧

汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到

2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

汉译英口译文字材料

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