2019年1月雅思真题回忆及解析
不积跬步,无以至千里;不积小流,无以成江海。对于雅思考试而言,每天进步一点点,基础扎实一点点,通过考试就会更容易一点点。无忧考网搜集整理了2019年1月雅思真题回忆及解析,希望对大家有所帮助。2019年1月举行了5场考试,时间分别是1月5日、1月12日、1月17日、1月19日、1月26日。以下内容仅供参考。
1月5日雅思口语真题回忆:
Film stars
相关词汇:
domestic films 国内电影
imported films 国外电影
filmgoers 影迷
blockbusters 大片
1. Who is your favorite film star?
Actually I wouldn’t say that I have one particular favourite, and if I'm completely honest I'd have to say that I don’t really pay much attention to film stars'names or who they are and that kind of thing, I just like watching good films I'm not really bothered about who the actors or actresses are.
分析:此题回答难度不大,可以正面回答最喜欢的电影明星是谁,然后拓展一下此明星的背景、参演的电影以及你为什么喜欢ta。也可以参考前考官的答案,直接说没有最喜欢的电影明星。
加分词汇:Actually; particular.
地道表达:if I'm completely honest…坦诚说….; I’m not really bothered about…并不介意….
2. Are film stars from overseas famous in your country?
I think young people might be quite into film stars from overseas because they tend to watch more international films and especially Hollywood blockbusters and things like that; older filmgoers are a bit different though, they probably prefer watching domestic films rather than imported films so older cinema fans are less
likely to know foreign film stars.
分析:此题相对于第一题难度会大一些,这里有些表达必须要会,比如“好莱坞大片”的表达,“国内电影”和“国外电影”的表达,同时还要学会同义替换。
加分词汇:blockbusters 大片;filmgoers 影迷, 常看电影的人;
地道表达:be into…喜欢;
加分短语:tend to; be likely to; domestic films 国内电影; imported films 国外电影; prefer…rather than….
3. Which do you prefer, international film stars or film stars from your country?
As I said earlier I don't pay much attention to film stars but If I had to choose I'd probably pick someone from my own country simply because I'd be more likely to see that person in the media, you know like being interviewed on chat shows so I'd be more familiar with that person.
分析:此题涉及到比较类考点,如果你的回答选择了一方,需要重点说明原因。
加分词汇:probably; simply.
地道表达:chat shows 访谈节目;
加分短语:be familiar with…; be likely to….
Festivals
相关词汇:
Spring festival 春节
Lunar New Year's Eve 除夕
the Lantern Festival 元宵节
Spring Festival Gala 春节联欢晚会
spring festival couplets 春联
1. What is your favorite festival?
Just like most Chinese people, my favourite festival is Spring Festival, which
is also known as Chinese New Year. It's the main one in my country and most people have quite a nostalgic connection to it, so yeah without doubt, Spring Festival is my favourite.
分析:此题难度水平较低,主要是要掌握中国各类节日的英语表达。The Dragon Boat Festival 端午节;Double Ninth Festival 重阳节;Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节;National Day 国庆节。
加分词汇:nostalgic 怀旧的; 乡愁的;
地道表达:without doubt; be known as…..
2. How do you celebrate this festival?
Well typically in my country this festival is all about spending time with family so we all congregate at a relative's home and spend one or two days there eating home-cooked food and just chatting up with each other. The main focus of the festival is being with family so that’s precisely what we do – spend time with our relatives.
分析:此题从内容上来讲不难回答,难就难在一些表达方面,比如“春节团聚”、“拜年”等等。
加分词汇:typically; congregate 聚集; precisely
地道表达:home-cooked food; chat up 聊天。
3. Do you celebrate festivals from other countries?
There are certain festivals such as Christmas and Halloween, and we sometimes have parties with friends to mark these festivals but we don’t really celebrate them in the same way that we celebrate festivals from our own country, we don't take them very seriously they are just an excuse to have a party.
分析:此题难度不大,估计很多同学能第一时间想到的是圣诞节。难点在于如何表达除了圣诞节之外的国外节日,比如万圣节Halloween,复活节Easter等。
地道表达:certain festivals; mark these festivals 度过此节日,庆祝此节日。
加分语法:in the same way that…that 引导的方式状语。
4. Where do people usually go during festivals?
As I mentioned before, for almost every Chinese festival we traditionally spend time at home with family. But in recent years this habit is shifting slightly –
young people are increasingly choosing to spend festivals abroad, travelling on holiday. I think this is because they see festivals as time-off work so it’s a perfect opportunity to go travelling. So a lot of younger adults go travelling but older people will still opt for spending time with family.
分析:此题还有一种问法就是大家节日会干什么,其实回答的内容差不多。此处前考官给的答案稍微提及了一下年轻人和年纪大一些的人的不同选择。大家在回答类似问题时可以参考,这样回答内容得以拓展延伸。
加分词汇:traditionally; shifting slightly 有所改变;increasingly。
地道表达:As I mentioned before(这个是很好的discourse marker话语标记语, 雅思口语评分标准里有此要求,大家要学会使用);time-off work休假时间;opt for选择。
1月5日雅思听力真题回忆:
Section 1
新题/旧题:新题
场景:咨询
主题:场景咨询
题型及数量:10 填空题
考试题目+答案:
1. Date : 8 November 1987
2. Tel: 0777343
3. Address: Flat 22A Circle
4. House with: insurance
5. Focus on: location
6. Looking for job related to: newspaper
7. Time to see the house: 9:50
8. Previous experience: cleaning duty
9. Wife had: health problem
10. Will have: interview
考点:听力基本功日期、电话、地址及时间,尤其要注意时间 9:50 及
9:15 非常容易混淆。
Section 2
新题/旧题:旧题
场景:教育
主题:家庭防火知识
题型及数量:6 多选+4 匹配
考试题目+答案:
11-16)Multiple Choice
11-12)Which two types of houses are easily getting on fire?
A. building made of wood
B. old buildings
C. buildings in poor area/low income family
D. buildings which are long unoccupied
E. rented accommodation
13-14)Why the reports of fire cases late?
A. the witness thought the case had been reported to police
B. most people were asleep
C. people believe they can put out fire first by themselves
D. faculty instructions
E. the alarm doesn’t work
15-16)Which fire risks people pay least attention to?
A. portable heater
B. cooking oil
C. candle
D. 暂缺
E. 暂缺
17-20)Matching
A. need to do regularly
B. need to be installed especially in big house
C. to be postponed
B. often to be overlooked/forgotten
17. install a smoke alarm——B
18. discuss a fire escape planning——D
19. alarm cleaning——A
20. fire contact phone service——C
考点:多选题和匹配题型的解题方法,同义替换。
Section 4
新题/旧题:旧题
场景:学术
主题:濒危语言的研究
题型及数量:10 填空题
考试题目+答案:
31. Need enough materials for language research
32. Writing word in clay tablet was the oldest
33. Sometimes one can guess the meaning of words through the context of words
34. Collecting samples of words
35. Some words are on monuments
36. Information are mainly names
37. Italian and Greek write in different direction
38. From for circles
39. It was a type of printing
40. Served as a game or puzzle
考点:同意替换,结构转换。
1月5日雅思写作真题回忆:
小作文
TASK 1
题目:四个国家(荷兰,意大利,西班牙,英国)处理垃圾的方式及比例
类型:柱状静态图
考点/写作要点:
因为题目中给出了四个具体国家的名称,改写题目时可以统称为four European countries.
静态图要注意数据间的对比;
最显著的特征是在荷兰 landfill(垃圾填埋)的采纳率最低,然而在剩下三个国家的采纳率最高;
第二个明显特征是在英国完全没有使用 biologically (生物科技) 的方式出理垃圾,而在剩下的国家都保持一个接近 2%的使用率;
第三个特征是 Recycled(回收)的处理方式是被四个国家都普遍使用的,大约 3.8%到 4.3%的使用率;
最后一个特征是在荷兰有 4%的 burnt(焚烧)垃圾处理率,然而其他三个国家只有大约一半的采纳率(a half).
大作文
TASK 2
Some people argue that the fittest and strongest individuals and teams can achieve the greatest success in sports. But other people think the success is much related to the mental attitude. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
题目类型:双边讨论
话题:社会类
1月5日雅思阅读真题回忆:
Passage 1
文章题材:说明文(自然科普)
文章题目:Reef Fish Study(关于岩礁鱼的研究)
文章难度:★★★
文章内容:
介绍了 reef fish 的三个生命阶段,并且介绍了 bigger means better 的理论,以及该理论(体型越大越占优势)对于被捕食者和捕食者是否适用。
题型及数量:判断题 4+填空题 9
题目及答案:
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. NOT GIVEN
4. FALSE
5. mouth size
6. medium
7. artificial light
8. net
9. laboratory
10. new moon
11. fish body
12. open ocean
13. reef
14. mortality
可参考真题:C11T3P2:Great Migrations
Passage 2
文章题材:说明文(商业科普)
文章题目:Corporate Social Responsibility(企业社会责任)
文章难度:★★★☆
文章内容:
文章介绍了企业社会责任是如何帮助企业解决面临的各种问题,并且促进了企业和社会的相互依赖的关系。举例了三个公司(GE, Microsoft 和 Whole Food Market)如何在日常运营中提现中企业社会责任。
题型及数量:标题配对题 7+段落填空题 2+匹配题 4
题目及答案:
14. v
15. viii
16. vi
17. vii
18. iii
19. i
20. ii
21. equal opportunity
22. internal costs
23. C
24. C
25. A
26. B
考试原文:
Corporate Social Responsibility
The moral appeal---arguing that companies have a duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing”---is prominent in the goal of Business for Social Responsibility, the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States.
A An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s ‘‘Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.” The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission from governments, communities, and numerous other stakeholders to do business. Finally,
reputation is used by many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grounds that
they will improve a company’s image, strengthen its brand, enliven morale, and even raise the Value of its stock.
B To advance CSR, we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society. To say broadly that business and society need each other might seem like a cliché, but it is also the basic truth that will pull companies out of the muddle that their current corporate-responsibility thinking has created. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education, health care, and equal opportunity are essential to a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good government, the rule of Jaw, and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation. Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time, a health society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes to creating the jobs, wealth, and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.
C A company’s impact on society also changes over time, as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos, now understood as a serious health risk, was thought to be safe in the early 1900s, given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipate the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupt by the results. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival.
D No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead, each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business. Corporations are not responsible for all the world's problems, nor do they have the resources to solve them all. Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit.
Addressing social issues by creating shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private or government subsidies. When a well-run business applies its vast resources, expertise, and management talent to problems that it understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater impact on social good than any other institution or philanthropic organization.
E The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check: they specify clear, measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is GE’s program to adopt underperforming public high schools near several of its major U.S. Facilities. The company contributes between
$250, 000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in- kind donations as well GE managers and employees take an active role by working with school administrators to assess needs and mentor or tutor students. The graduation
rate of these schools almost doubled during this time period. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create
goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important constituencies. What’s more, GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is inherently limited though. No matter how beneficial the program is, it remains incidental to the company's business, and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.
F Microsoft is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft’s growth, currently, there are more than 450,000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges, representing 45% of all U.S . Undergraduates, could be a major solution.
Microsoft recognizes, however, that community colleges face special challenges: IT curricula are not standardized, technology used in classrooms is often outdated, and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. In addition to contributing money and products, Microsoft sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs, contribute to curriculum development, and create faculty development institutes. Note that in this case, volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their core professional skills to address a social need, a far cry from typical volunteer programs. Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct-and potentially significant-impact on the company.
G At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition: a set of needs a company can meet for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition, making social impact integral to the overall strategy Consider Whole Foods Market, whose value proposition is to sell organic, natural, and healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing.
Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently, the company purchased renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its
electricity use in all of its stores and facilities, the only Fortune 500 Company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods’ vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its
philanthropy, the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short, nearly every aspect of the company’s value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition, distinguishing Whole Foods from its competitors.
Passage 3
文章题材:人文社科
文章题目:政府对于 network 的应用和好处
文章难度:★★
文章内容:待补充
题型及数量:待补充
1月12日雅思口语真题回忆:
题目来源:Part 1
题目:
1. How often do you look at the sky?
2. Do you prefer the sky in the morning or the sky at night?
3. Can you see the moon and stars where you live?
4. Is there a good place to look at the sky where you live?
思路分析:
Sky这个话题是在前几年的考试当中出现过,此次在2019年最新的part1话题中再次出现了。同学们在回答此类型话题的时候面临的的问题是没有拓展的思路,因为同学现实生活中其实很少有watch the sky的机会或者习惯。对于缺乏思路的同学来说,我们不妨回顾下往年这个话题的其他问题。除了此次试题当中出现的几个题目以外,同类型的Part 1话题还有:
· What do you think about when you look at the sky?
· Are there often clouds in the sky in your country?
· Is the sky often overcast?
· Is star-gazing popular in your country?
通过观察上面的题目我们不难发现,其实sky类型的话题和Weather(天气)/star-gazing(观星)这两个方面都有一定的联系,所以在我们回答为什么要仰望天空或者喜欢白天还是晚上的天空的时候,我们不妨往这两个方面去拓展下我们的思路,为我们的回答提供逻辑基础。同时,watch the sky 也不失为一种很好的缓解压力和疲劳的手段,也可以为我们拓展话题提供不错的逻辑基础。
比如说,当被问到 how often do you watch the sky的时候,我们可以说有时候喜欢看天空,因为看天空能够为我们缓解工作或者学习带来的压力。最后需要补充一个背景知识:light pollution(光害),或称光污染(light pollution),是人类过度使用照明系统而产生的问题。最显而易见的影响是城市夜空里的星星被众多大厦的灯光所覆盖而消失了。
这使得观察宇宙的研究受到影响,而且亦破坏了生态平衡。
参考答案:
1. How often do you look at the sky?
well, I look at the sky almost everyday. I like doing that because I enjoying watching the clouds. Watching the clouds is a great way to release pressure and relax my eyes. So…Yeah, I like looking at the sky.
2. Do you prefer the sky in the morning or the sky at night?
Actually, Both. I like watching sun rise in the morning, which is super exciting, and gazing the stars at night, which is fascinating. so I don’t really have a preference.
3. Can you see the moon and stars where you live?
Yeah, definitely. My city is kind of small, so we don’t have a lot of light pollutions, and that’s why we usually can see the moon and stars in my city.
4. Is there a good place to look at the sky where you live?
yes, of course. My city has many spots where you can get a good look at the starry sky. For example, the Dian lake, the West Mountain and World Expo. Park. So…Yeah…
词汇和短语:
Gaze 凝视
Release 释放
Pressure 压力
Actually 事实上来说
Starry 充满星光的
Get a good look at something好好看看某物
the Dian lake 滇池
the West Mountain 西山
World Expo. Park. 世博园
1月12日雅思听力真题回忆:
Section 1
新题/旧题:旧题
场景:旅游保险
主题:一位女士投诉航空公司多收了孩子的钱的对话
题型及数量:10 填空题
考试题目+答案:
1-10) completion
1. Name: Quigley
2. ordered 4 return ticket(round way; single ticket 特别强调了不是单程进行干扰)
3. departure time: 11:45 (trap: 14:20 is the arrival time)
4. two problems:
Miscalculated the children’s rate as an adult
网站为旅客提供了这个 website;每档在网上购票输入乘机人信息后,点确认订单
Just flip put a box of error message page
5. one adult can bring 2 kids at most allowed(仅限国内航班,这女的有 3 个孩子,说以前飞国外就可以带 3 个,客服说国内限制 no more than 2 kids allowed,以后国际航班也会设限)
6. free ticket for kid whose age: under 12 years old (她说她的孩子没有 12
岁以上的,12 岁以上需要收费)
7. children have less food (女的说孩子在飞机上吃的比大人少,客服说还需要给他们准备玩具和画笔)
8. what if the huge family and school group will do … the woman asked
(女的说,那你这样对 large family 和学校团体不公平)
9. letter will be sent to the manager (trap: 女的说要给 service customer,客服说给 manager 就可以了,并且告诉她现在淡季在一周内就会有答复,并且会给出reference number)
10. reference number No. JBK8422 (另有回忆为 GBK8422)
考点:基本功考察,注意区分字幕 G/J;说话者口音较重会受影响。
可参考真题:C9T3S1;C8T2S1;C7T2S1
Section 2
新题/旧题:旧题
场景:地理农业
主题:澳洲堪培拉的地理和农业
题型及数量:4 单选+6 地图匹配
考试题目+答案:
11-14)Multiple Choice
11. This city is different to other Australian city because:
A. it is an inland city
B. located in high altitude
C. 暂缺
12. What kind of information should be recorded?
A. the duration of the frost
B. number of frosts
C. the average temperature for planting
13. What does he think of local rainfall?
A. plentiful
B. seasonal
C. not reliable/not predictable
14. What does he think of the soil?
A. it does not help plant absorb water
B. too acid
C. soil contain more minerals
15-20)Map Matching
15. North (offering shade)-B
16. (garage door)-D
17. Ash-C
18. H
19. West-A
20. E
考点:地图题做题方法及方位词的使用
Section 3
新题/旧题:新题
场景:教育
主题:单词教学
题型及数量:待补充
考试题目+答案:待补充
Section 4
新题/旧题:旧题
场景:建筑
主题:在沙漠里建造一座新城
题型及数量:10 填空题
考试题目+答案:
31. orientation-desert needs wind shade to cool
32. 可以在 snow consumption of electricity in a display
33. take a shower 时间可以看到 water temperature and time 消耗,是可控的
34. 农村里的人民乘车 using electronic cars without a driver when people get around
35. 路两边建 glass pavement, using mirrors collect sun-successfully, 收集太阳能solar
36. large umbrella is shaping like a flower, 保护人们防止晒伤
37. Landscape: using ash adding into concrete with acid to the building’s exterior(外部的)
38. there’s a park in the centre of the city
39. every road 之间会有 a fountain for people walk
20 年后-developer 要给 centre of town 还是 city 建一个降温
40. in the future, houses will have lowest carbon emission
考点:同意替换,结构转换。
1月12日雅思写作真题回忆:
小作文
TASK 1
题目:男女在公共机构(government institution)和私人机构(private
institution)的每周工作时长
类型:饼图静态图
考点/写作要点:
分段:主体一段:government(国企)男女工作时间;
主体二段:private company(私企)男女工作时间;
主体三段:男女工作时间总对比.
大作文
TASK 2
When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
题目类型:同意与否
话题:城市建设类
1月12日雅思阅读真题回忆:
Passage 1
文章题材:说明文(人文实验)
文章题目:对于脸盲症的研究
文章难度:★★
文章内容:待补充
题型及数量:待补充
题目及答案:待补充
Passage 2
文章题材:说明文(自然科普)
文章题目:Mammoth kill (猛犸象)
文章难度:★★★
文章内容:
文章介绍了猛犸象在外观和生活习性等方面,与现代大象之间关系。并且比较了了三位科学家(John Alroy,Graham 和 MacPhee)对于猛犸象可能原因的猜想。
题型及数量:段落填空题 7+人名匹配题 6
题目及答案:
14. hunting
15. overkill model
16. disease
17. empirical evidence
18. climatic instability
19. geographical ranges
20. Younger Dryas event
21. A
22. B
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. C
考试原文:
Mammoth Kill
Mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair. They lived from the Pliocene epoch from around 5 million years ago, into the Holocene at about 4,500 years ago, and were members of the family Elephantidae, which contains, along with mammoths, the two genera of modern elephants and their ancestors.
A Like their modern relatives, mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reached heights in the region of 4m at the shoulder and weights up to 8 tonnes, while exceptionally large males may have exceeded 12 tonnes. However, most species of mammoth were only about as large as a modern Asian elephant. Both sexes boretusks.
A first, small set appeared at about the age of six months and these were replaced at about 18 months by the permanent set. Growth of the permanent set was at a rate of about 1 to 6
inches per year. Based on studies of their close relatives, the modern elephants, mammoths probably had a gestation period of 22 months, resulting in a single calf being born. Their social structure was probably the same as that of African and Asian elephants, with females living in herds headed by a matriarch, whilst bulls lived solitary lives or formed loose groups after sexual maturity.
B MEXICO CITY-Although it's hard to imagine in this age of urban sprawl and automobiles. North America once belonged to mam moths, camels, ground sloths as large as cows, bear-size beavers and other formidable beasts. Some 11,000 years ago, however, these large bodied mammals and others-about 70 species in all-disappeared. Their demise coincided roughly with the arrival of humans in the New World and dramatic climatic change- factors that have inspired several theories about the die-off. Yet despite decades of scientific investigation, the exact cause remains a mystery. Now new findings offer support to one of these controversial hypotheses: that human hunting drove this megafaunal menagerie to extinction. The overkill model emerged in the 1960s, when it was put forth by Paul S. Martin of the University of Arizona. Since then, critics have charged that no evidence exists to support the idea that the first Americans hunted to the extent necessary to cause these extinctions. But at the annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico City last October, paleoecologist John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara argued that, in fact, hunting-driven
extinction is not only plausible, it was unavoidable. He has determined, using a computer simulation, that even a very modest amount of hunting would have wiped these animals out.
C Assuming an initial human population of 100 people that grew no more than 2 percent annually, Alroy determined that if each band of, say, 50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a year, humans could have eliminated the animal populations within I, 000 years. Large mammals in particular would have been vulnerable to the pressure because they have longer gestation periods than smaller mammals and their young require extended care.
D Not everyone agrees with Alroy's assessment. For one, the results depend in part on population-size estimates for the extinct animals-figures that are not necessarily reliable. But a more specific criticism comes from mammalogist Ross D.E.MacPhee of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, who points out that the relevant archaeological record contains barely a dozen examples of stone points embedded in mammoth bones (and none, it should be noted, are known from other megafaunal remains)-hardly what one might expect if hunting drove these animals to extinction. Furthermore, some of these species had huge ranges-the giant Jefferson's ground sloth, for example, lived as far north as the Yukon and as far south as Mexico-which would have made slaughtering them in numbers sufficient to cause their extinction rather implausible, he says.
E MacPhee agrees that humans most likely brought about these extinctions (as well as others around the world that coincided with human arrival), but not directly. Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyperlethal disease, perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin, which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World. As in the overkill model, populations of large mammals would have a harder time recovering. Repeated outbreaks of a hyperdisease could thus quickly drive them to the point of no return. So far MacPhee does not have empirical evidence for the hyperdisease hypothesis, and it won't be easy to come by: hyperlethal disease would kill far too quickly to leave its signature on the bones themselves. But he hopes that analyses of tissue and DNA from the last mammoths to perish will eventually reveal murderous microbes.
F The third explanation for what brought on this North American extinction does not involve human beings. Instead its proponents blame the loss on the weather. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability, explains paleontologist Russell W.Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. As a result, certain habitats disappeared, and species that had once formed communities split apart. For some animals, this change brought opportunity. For much of the megafauna, however, the increasingly
homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranges-a death sentence for large animals, which need large ranges. Although these creatures managed to maintain viable populations through most of the Pleistocene, the final major fluctuation-the so- called Younger Dryas event- pushed them over the edge, Graham says. For his part, Alroy is convinced that human hunters demolished the titans of the lce Age. The overkill model explains everything the disease and climate
scenarios explain, he asserts, and makes accurate predictions about which species would eventually go extinct. Personally, I'm a vegetarian, he remarks, and I find all of this kind of gross-but believable.
Passage 3
文章题材:说明文(自然科普)
文章题目:失重
文章难度:★★★
文章内容:待补充
题型及数量:待补充
1月17日雅思口语真题回忆:
Desc ribe a language you want to learn (not English)
You should say:
What it is
How you would learn it
Where you would learn it
And why you want to learn the language
这张话题卡题目为描述想学的第二外语,可能涉及时态:
1. 一般现在时,注意必要时动词第三人称单数变形;
2. 一般过去式:注意动词过去式正确变形;
3. 现在完成时:have / has done,注意助动词have / has与人称的正确搭配,以及动词过去分词的正确变形;
4. 现在完成进行时:have / has been doing,注意助动词have / has与人称的正确搭配,以及动词过去分词的正确变形;
5. 一般将来时,注意will或者shall均为情态动词,之后一律要跟上动词原形。
话题一开始,简单明了的告诉考官你想学的语言是什么,在这里可以用到一个短语叫做the first thing that comes to my mind is…意思为我第一个想到的就是什么,那么作为想学习的一门语言,可以有:French;Spanish;Korean;Russian;Italian;Japanese;German等等,另外一定要注意的是,作为a second foreign language(第二外语),一定要讲除英语以外的语言。
接下来开始描述想要学这个语言的原因,描述原因时可以有以下几个方面:
1. 第一次听到这个语言的场景,对于场景我们可以有:when I watched a movie;when
I listened to a song;when I heard sb. talking;when I was in a restaurant等等。你对其的感受以及这门语言吸引到你的地方,I found it beautiful / amazing / attractive / breath-taking / poetic。
2. 描述一下自己接触这门语言的经过,觉得简单还是困难,在学习过程中可能或者已经碰见了什么难处,是否可以解决,或者应该怎样解决, 对于学习一门语言的困难,我们可以提到:lack of resource;lack of environment;grammar is too hard to handle;there’s a world of difference between this language and my mother tongue。
3. 描述这门语言是否实用,通过学习这门语言自己可以如何获利。
参考答案:
If I have to choose a language that I would like to learn in the future, Spanish is definitely the first thing that comes to my mind which I have been intending to learn for a long time.
I still remember the first time I heard Spanish was from a song called “La isla bonita”, which means the beautiful island, I was truly attracted by the melody and the lyrics of the song even though I couldn’t even understand at that time. Since then, I started to listen to a lot of Spanish songs and watch some Spanish movies, I was almost addicted to its amazing intonation and pronunciation, no wonder people regard Spanish as the language of God.
Well, actually I have already started learning Spanish by myself. I bought some vocabulary books and downloaded a few apps on my phone to learn from the very basic things, but soon I realized that it was more than I could teach myself. Especially when it came to verbs, there were too many forms to master properly without any instructions, it gradually made me confused. Plus, there weren’t any native speakers around me, I had nobody to practice with. Therefore, my plan of learning Spanish didn’t go well like I expected.
Another reason that I would love to learn Spanish is that it is also a world wide language besides English, if I can ever have a chance to visit some of my favorite American countries like Mexico and Colombia, Spanish will become extremely useful.
Well, I really hope that some day I could have the opportunity to take Spanish course and learn from a qualified teacher. I'm aware of the factor that there will be many difficulties during the process, but i believe, "Where there is a will, there is a way."
1月17日雅思听力真题回忆:
Section 1
新题/旧题:旧题
场景:旅游
主题:酒店册子制作
题型及数量:10填空题
考试题目+答案:
1. company name: Central Hotel Chanis
2. letters of address should be bigger
3. the pool should be removed
4. change the description under the top photo to reception
5. use the picture with view / views of the hotel
6. the price / prices should be in red print
7. translate into Spanish
8. deadline: by the end of July
9. address: no. 9 green drive, Cliffton, NY 21300
10. telephone number: 903036602
Section 2
新题/旧题:旧题
场景:工作/旅游
主题:图书馆扩建
题型及数量:5单选+5地图匹配
考试题目+答案:
11-15)Multiple Choice
11. Why XXX didn’t attend today?
A. She’s not very well
B. David is the manage director now
C. 暂缺
12. Disadvantage of new library?
A. expensive ticket
B. lack of publicity
C. inconvenient time
13. What did the man said about theft at library?
A. building facility was destroyed
B. a large number of items were stolen
C. theft already had preparation and plans
14. Why they want to expand the library?
A. it has no renovation since it was founded
B. it needs to double the number of computers
C. need to increase number of visiting people
15. The investment of library will be deployed to?
A. extra staff recruit