2015年02月12日雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心徐航
考试日期 2015年2月12日
Reading Passage 1
Title Role of Managers / What do managers do? 经理人角色（管理类）
Question types 分类题6题
判断题TRUE/ FALSE/NOT GIVEN 5题多选题2题
文章内容回顾原文是关于manager的新研究及研究结果。介绍管理学大师亨利·明茨伯格(Henry Mintzberg)的经理角色理论。
1-6分类题：
文中提到明氏对经理人角色的3种分类：
A. 说经理人主要发挥的是仪式性的角色作用，如同大学校长颁发毕业证书，还包括人员的招聘培训等。
B. 主要是信息的发布和联络人。
C. 实际决策作用。
问某种行为属于第几种：
1. 负责企业的发展计划(scheme) 选：C
2. 主持仪式选：A
3. 使用资金选：C
4. 研究竞争对手动向选：B
5. 告知员工消息选：B
6. 招聘新人选：A
7-11判断题TRUE/ FALSE/NOT GIVEN:
7. 说以前关于经理人角色的理论不容易理解，原文说了以前的理论非常的simple。FALSE
8. 说MS的理论挑战了以前well established的理论。TRUE
9. NOT GIVEN
10. FALSE
11. FALSE
12-13多选题：
最后两段说了MS学者的理论的积极面是哪两点？
12. 选：B（带divide的选项）
原文倒数第二段说elaborate classification。
13. 选：E（带fresh way的选项）
原文最后一段说关于经理人角色理论，要give a new insight。
相关原文阅读The role of a Development Manager can be a very stressful one. You are the "man in the middle'', being pulled in different directions by management, customers, sales, developers etc.. If you are doing your job well nobody notices: things work fluently, the work gets done without drama and everyone gets what they want. If things go wrong, no matter what the cause, then it is your fault.
The secret to being successful as a Development Manager is managing expectations and making sure everyone understands your role is the first step. Both you, and the people you work, with need to agree on what is expected of you as a Development Manager.
I have seen job postings for Development Managers that leave me shaking my head. One required in depth knowledge of a large number of a programming languages and environments, in another the position was 66% (why not 2/3rds?) programming, still others required PMO certification and this list could go on. While I agree the role of the Development Manager is sort of nebulous, job postings like these give me the feeling that the companies posting the jobs really have not thought about the role. This is a recipe for disaster for both the company and anyone hired under these conditions.
As Development Manager you have a number of responsibilities, but the primary one is to get a product out the door. Your goal is deliver results to the customer, or market, and do everything necessary to achieve this. To do this you need to make sure the development team is able to work as efficiently as possible and this means making sure they have clear goals, both short term and long term, and that nothing prevents them from doing their work. From the initial project scope to deploying the product out to customer sites, each step is your responsibility. You can, and should, delegate as much as you can but be ready to check that things are being done as you want and be ready to jump in if it is not.
Project Scoping
As Development Manager you need to know how to scope out a project. Depending on your organization and how you work with outside groups this could be a major part of your work. If you regularly take on projects on behalf of 3rd parties, then you should know how to respond to an RFP (Request For Proposal), complete with Deliverables, Time Lines, Budget etc.. Even if you only deal with internal projects, without a formal document system, you should get in the habit of putting together a Project Scope Document for every project. Also, if you are practicing Agile development, these
documents need to be living things and maintained and updated as the project progresses.
Over Head Projects
This is part of Project Scoping, but it deserves a separate paragraph. I’ve heard people talk about “Over Head” projects that don’t need a budget and time line. This is so wrong! A failure to work out what the cost and deliverables are on these “Over Head” projects can stifle your team as they eat into your schedule and divert resources away from other work. Every project you undertake has at least an internal cost and at least one deliverable. You need to be able to negotiate both with the other stake holders for everything you undertake.
Managing Relationships
Remember, you are the ''man in the middle'' and any failures are going to belong to you, even if the cause is something beyond your control. You need to keep good and open relationships with the people involved.
Get to know not just your immediate boss, but who he reports to and the people who are on the same level. You also need to get to know other stake holders on the projects you manage. Make sure they are ''in the Loop'' and get regular status updates and have good visibility on what your team is doing.
Who handles customer relations? Besides your boss, this is probably the most important person you need to get to know. They can manage customer expectations, handle complaints (real or imagined) and provide critical customer contacts. On the other hand they can make your life miserable, making promises to customers without checking with you, posting bug reports that are unnecessary, pestering you to deliver on unrealistic time lines etc.
Get to know you team, how long have they been with the company, what are the individual strengths and weaknesses? Who works well with whom? How busy are they? Keep track of little things like birthdays, anniversaries, etc.. Just acknowledging these little things make for sense of community.
Making sure that management knows what you are working on and can see your progress is critical to keeping them happy. Communication and visibility are key getting this to work. I have used all sorts of tools to keep management in the loop and discover more all the time. Keep a tool box of programs, bulletin boards, white
boards and anything else you can think of and keep them up-to-date. If the stakeholders understand the challenges you and your team are experiencing then they are less likely have unreal expectation. I say less likely, but not never. Some management will never understand why things don’t just ''work''. In these cases it may be time to start looking for another job.
题型难度分析第一篇是经典机经旧文，版本号V091219, 收录在很多机经原文练习里。难度一般，分类题难度不大，判断题TRUE/ FALSE/NOT GIVEN 属于顺序类题型，最后的多选选项比较集中。
题型技巧分析判断题TRUE/ FALSE/NOT GIVEN:
顺序题型，注意定位词和考点词，注意区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN的辨析，FALSE是指文章有提到信息并且与题目信息对立，NOT GIVEN 是文章没提及题目所问信息，所以考点词的推测对区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN有很大影响。
分类题：
类别一般出现3-5个。题目没有顺序，属于细节题目。如果类别是时间段、大写地名、人名可以直接定位，找到相关细节。如果类别比较不明显，可以结合别的题型一起解决，在做题前先看题目内容。
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
剑6 Test 3 Passage 2
Reading Passage 2
Title Close Relative-Chimpanzee黑猩猩（生物类）
Question types 细节段落配对5题Summary填空题5题单选题3题
文章内容回顾关于chimpanzee的文化影响个体行为。
遗留下来的物体不能考证人类行为，可通过近亲黑猩猩探究。
人类、ape和chimpanzee有相同的ancestor（填空），提到研究方法，有一道细节段落配对题。
以前认为区分人类和其他动物的方法是是否能制造工具，研究发现黑猩猩也能制造工具（一道细节段落配对题），Thai chimpanzee使用stone和wood制造hammer（填空）。
黑猩猩会根据情况选择适当的工具，工具很可能是提前做好的（细节段落配对），黑猩猩使用工具的行为是手把手教出来的，不是遗传（细节段落配对）。
Gorme黑猩猩也发生过有组织的斗争，有一个黑猩猩群体被另一个exterminated（一道选择题），黑猩猩社会也存在阶层（细节段落配对），目前地位高是黑猩猩能成功的必要条件。
黑猩猩和人类的差异主要还在于黑猩猩没有invent linguistic forms。
相关原文阅读Chimpanzees live in large multi-male and multi-female social groups, which are called communities. Within a community, the position of an individual and the influence the individual has on others dictates a definite social hierarchy. Chimpanzees live in a leaner hierarchy wherein more than one individual may be dominant enough to dominate other members of lower rank. Typically, a dominant male is referred to as the alpha male. The alpha male is the highest-ranking male that controls the group and maintains order during disputes. In chimpanzee society, the 'dominant male' sometimes is not the largest or strongest male but rather the most manipulative and political male that can influence the goings on within a group. Male chimpanzees typically attain dominance by cultivating allies who will support that individual during future ambitions for power. The alpha male regularly displays by puffing his normally slim coat up to increase view size and charge to seem as threatening and as powerful as possible; this behavior serves to intimidate other members and thereby maintain power and authority, and it may be fundamental to the alpha male's holding on to his status. Lower-ranking chimpanzees will show respect by submissively gesturing in body language or reaching out their hands while grunting. Female chimpanzees will show deference to the alpha male by presenting their hindquarters.
Female chimpanzees also have a hierarchy, which is influenced by the position of a female individual within a group. In some chimpanzee communities, the young females may inherit high status from a high-ranking mother. Dominant females will also ally to dominate lower-ranking females: whereas males mainly seek dominant status for its associated mating privileges and sometimes violent domination of subordinates, females seek dominant status to acquire such resources as food. High-ranking females often have first access. Both genders acquire dominant status to improve social standing within a group.
Community female acceptance is necessary for alpha male status; females must ensure that their group visits places that supply them with enough food. A group of dominant females will sometimes oust an alpha male which is not to their preference and back another male, in whom they see potential for leading the group as a successful alpha male.
题型难度分析14-18细节段落配对：
14. 选：F
15. 选：H
16. 选：D
17. 选：C
19-23 Summary填空题：
19. culture
20. ancestor
21. termite fishing wand
22. stone
23. wood
24-26单选题：
24. 选：C
25. 选：C
26. 选：A
文章是机经原文，版本号V120630, 有考生在备考中看过原文。段落细节配对题增加了文章难度，summary填空题题量是5题，单选易错3题。本次考试难度在第二篇文章里有所提升，体现在段落细节配对。
题型技巧分析单选题：
由题干和4个选项构成，基本上题干可以用来定位，如果根据题干无法准确定位，从选项反推即可。正确选项一般是对文章的改写，注意同义转换，错误的选项有的是干扰项，非常容易误选，也有的是文章未提及的内容，应排除。单选题难度不大，但错误率高，一般出2-5题。
段落细节信息配对题：
1. 无序
2. 注意有可能出现NB
3. 注意大量题目和原文的近义替换
段落细节配对难度较大，建议考生放在本篇文章所有题型的最后去做。做题时注意切不可逐题去原文整篇文章搜寻答案，这样会导致文章来来回回看很多遍，耗时太长。
1. 划出所有题目的keywords, 同时考虑到有可能出现近义替换的词，有针对性的去原文寻找答案。如看到be conscious of立刻想到雅思高频近义替换be aware of…, 看到reproduce想到copy。
2. 某些题目可以对题目进行细致的分析，预测所在段落（平时通过精读多熟悉文章结构安排，了解行文模式）。
3. 做题时以文章为基准，每看一段，浏览题目中的keywords是否与其相关。
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
剑4 Test 1 Passage 2
Reading Passage 3
Title Robert Louis Steveton（文化类：不同作家的作品）
Question types 单选题5题
判断题4题
Summary选词填空题5题
文章内容回顾Robert Louis Steveton是《金银岛》和《化身博士》的作者。
去世后风评不太好，两位传记作家过誉了，其中一位将其与莎士比亚等相提并论（其中一道选择题答案）。评论家认为他的故事掩盖了其深度的不足，而大众意识不到这一点（有单选题出自该段）。
冒险类小说往往被认为不承载严肃主题，而冒险类小说却受电影的热爱。他的观点与苏格兰人传统观点大相径庭，而且他的作品展现了对国外的向往，以至于在本土不怎么受欢迎（有单选出自于这里）。作家自身的生活比其作品更能吸引注意力（其中一道单选题答案）。
作家对其他作者的影响，王尔德受其影响。认为作家本可以写出更好的作品，如果他生活在伦敦而不是苏格兰（并未提到），作者鼓励王尔德写作。Chesterton起初对他持批评的态度，后来认为他比哈代Hardy 更好，他的作品all life, 而后者all death（其中一道判断题，题干上讲这位评论家更尊敬哈代）。
这一段用两位俄罗斯作曲家类比Scott和他，前者更具technical control, 后者更具intrinsic genius和natural ability（两道填空题）。前者reach the tragedy level, 而后者更擅长story telling（两道填空题），这种性质决定了前者的作品会被束之高阁，而后者的作品会得到广泛阅读（36-40填空题出自此段）。
题型难度分析27-31单选题：
27. 选：D
28. 选：C
29. 选：B
30. 选：A
31. 选：C
32-35判断题：
32. YES
33. NOT GIVEN
34. NO
35. YES
36-40 Summary选词填空题：
36. 选：F
37. 选：A
38. 选：H
39. 选：G
40. 选：I
依然是主流题型，段落细节在第三篇出现无疑增加了对考生做题速度上的考验，另外，单选题依然像以往考试出现在第三篇。从话题和题型设置上看，此篇难度中等偏上。
题型技巧分析Summary选项题：
该题型一般遵循顺序原则，若是对一段或者几段的summary, 难度不大，如果是全文，难度提升。首先确定段落定位，快速浏览段落，找到和题目相关的词，注意同义替换。可以先浏览选项，做题时更加有针对性，有利于提高速度。
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
剑7 Test 1 Passage 2
考试趋势分析和备考指导：
1. 从话题看，下场考试可能以生物类、教育类、社会类为主。
2. 从年初的几场考试来看，判断加单选的主流题型搭配仍会继续。判断题比重会稳定在8题左右。人名观点配对和段落细节配对会成为近期考试的主流题型。近期考试的考生在提高正确率的同时要加强对配对题速度的提高，这涉及到熟练掌握两种主流配对题的做题技巧。Heading题在今年仍然比较低频，考生可适当准备。填空题有多种类型，考生以掌握填空题共通技巧为主。
2015年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析三
Time to cool it 1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology： solid， reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century， but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it， and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and， as air conditioners， cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world， however， demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them. 2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change： attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by， for example， a person， and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists， however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down. 3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko， of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film， he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. 4 As to what those applications might be， Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has， nevertheless， set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money， though， may be in cooling computers. 5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law， which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months， is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact， it more than doubles， because besides increasing in number，the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor， so the faster the processor is， the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company，Intel， in 1993， ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second. 6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃， they
2014年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（6）
1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars. 2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm. 3. Corot， short for convection rotation and planetary transits， is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface， and quite possibly life， although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find "any little green men". 4. Developed by the French space agency， CNES， and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA)， Austria， Belgium， Germany， Brazil and Spain， Corot will monitor around 120，000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years， it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky， measuring the brightness of about 10，000 stars every 512 seconds. 5. "At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets， not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men，" Professor Ian Roxburgh， an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception， told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme. 6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find "rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and， if they are the right distance from their parent star，they could have water". 7. To search for planets， the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star， known as a "transit". Although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water， Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.
雅思阅读选择题解题技巧
雅思阅读选择题解题技巧 雅思阅读选择题解题技巧这篇*系统地给大家讲解一下雅思阅读当中选择题这种题型的有关知识点，其中包括雅思阅读选择题的题型要求和特点，做题步骤和解题技巧。下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思阅读选择题解题技巧 雅思阅读选择题解题技巧为大家带来雅思阅读中最常见的 一种题型之一——选择题的解题方法和技巧的总结。选择题是我们非常熟悉也是雅思阅读的高频常客之一。虽说选择题无论随便乱选一个选项都有25%的正确率，如果掌握了正确的做题方法和步骤，就有机会达到100%正确率。 Multiple Choice(选择题) 题型要求 这是一个传统题型，大家都很熟悉。但就是这种大家都熟悉的题型，IELTS考试也要弄出新花样：四选一和多选多两种。 四选一，选项肯定是四个。即要求从A、B、C、D四项中选择一个最符合题意的选项。
多选多，选项肯定是五个或五个以上，而正确答案的数目肯定在两个以上。 哪个更难呢?很多同学会好不犹豫地说是多选多。实际上，多选多很容易，是一种简单题型。它具有以下几个特点： (1) 正确答案的数目是已知的。在题目的要求中会告诉你要选出几个选项。题目要求中常WHICH FOUR，WHICH THREE 等字样。 (2) 答案在原文中是集中出现的，对应原文中的例举。找着一个答案，其余几个就在它的前后不远处。 我们举一个中文阅读的例子来说明。*如下： 帕金森症是一种顽症。它是由大脑中缺乏一种叫多巴胺的化学物质引起的。(后面删减100字)很多名人深受其苦。比如，我们的改革的总设计师邓小平、拳王阿里、以故数学家陈景润等等。(后面删减100字) 题目是：以下哪三个人得过帕金森症? A. 邓小平 B. 里根 C. 拳王阿里
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（2）
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief，continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia)， but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade， briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag，’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in ， though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years， European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992， the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997， the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution， laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted，not immobilised， by this setback. D. In the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome， its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously， restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself， and in normal circumstances， the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless， a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto
雅思阅读教案
雅思阅读教案 paragraph headings（段落标题） 在阅读文章的前面给出 list of headings, 一般是 5 到 10 个左右选项，其中含一到两个段落及其标题的例子。要求对题目中给出的段落，根据其内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。尽管题目说明中提示一个选项可能会适用多个，但正式考试中一般一个选项只能用于一个段落。 ? 段落标题类答题步骤： 1.首先在 list of headings 中划去做为例子的 heading 或 headings ，以免在根据段落内容在 list of headings 中找出与其相匹配的段落标题时，它（它们）会干扰考试者对其他 headings 的选择。 ? 2.在文章中把做为例子的段落划掉，以免对例子段落进行不必要的精读。 3.对题目中给出的段落，按照首句（第一、二句）、末句和中间句寻找主题句的方法，在 list of headings 中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。 ? 4.如果时间允许，按照文章的段落顺序，对非题目中给出的段落及例子段落进行快速阅读，而对题目中给出并要求找出与其相匹配的段落标题的段落进行精读。找出其中心意思后，再在 list of headings 中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。 ? 5.选出几个可能匹配的题目进行比较（通常两至三个），当然其中只能有一个为正确答案。 ? 6. 对于第一种匹配题型可以将最难的题留在最后进行匹配，不要在较难的题上花费更多的时间，而应选择较易回答的题目进行匹配，最后所剩即为该难题的答案。 ? 7. 要仔细检察答案，特别是第一题型，因为答错一题，就意味着答错两道题。 ? 相应练习：剑四 test3 passage2 剑五 test3 passage3 剑六 test2 passage1 剑六 test3 passage2 剑六 test4 passage1 二、辨别正误题型 (True / false /not given)? 该题型还涉及到：（not given / not mentioned）没有提到，有时还会出现下列提法 accurat / inaccurat 精确/不精确； supported / contradicted 一
雅思阅读是非无判断题技巧系列讲解
雅思阅读是非无判断题技巧系列讲解 作者：不详发布时间：2009-09-01 16:20:48来源：网络 文章正文网校课程调查热评论坛 回溯历次雅思考试，判断题都是一个不可或缺的重要题型；虽说目前几次考试作为雅思元老的它已经越来越被变化多端的配对题夺去风头，但判断题仍是一个烤鸭们绝不能小觑的题型。作为一种被研究得很彻底的方法题，希望大家通过从本次开始的18讲Yes/No/Not Given专题，熟识它、洞悉它、最后在雅思战场上征服它。今天我们开始“是”型判断题的解题方法介绍。 作为我们是非无判断题的第一讲，和大家说的第一句话就是要明确答案的写法。是”T”吗？”True”吗？都不完全正确。因为对于任何和标准答案不一致的写法，严谨的雅思考官都有理由因“看不懂”而批错，如果这次偏偏有10道判断题，那平时不注意小节的你只能surrender your happiness to the mercy of foreigners。所以最安全的写法永远是”TRUE”,”FALSE”,”NOT GIVEN”(或”YES”,”NO”)，即按照题目要求的大写并拼写完全正确，见任何一套标准雅思试卷之判断题之前的Instruction。 {温馨提示} Yes”,“No”,“Not Given”和“True”,“False”,“Not Given”只是考试形式的区别,在判断方式上并没有本质不同。 作为一种技巧性很强的题型，判断题的高正确率无非掌握两点：定位和判断准则。请大家记住我们今天马上要讲授的True的第一种判断依据：题目是原文的同义表达。让我们按照由易到难的顺序来看3个例子。首先是简答的同根词之间的替换： {原创范例} 原文：Computers are gaining in popularity, despite their cost. 题目：Computers are more popular than they used to be. 解答：TRUE 原文告诉我们电脑的popularity(人气)是上升的，大家立刻脑海里出现一条上升的曲线；而题目中“电脑比过去要流行”，即它的受欢迎程度也是上升的。于是两条曲线吻合，所以是一个标准的TRUE。 有时候同义表达之间的差异会相当大，而除了名词的同义表达外，数量类型的同义表达也需要注意： {原创范例} 原文：The majority of lecturers find their jobs very rewarding. 题目：Many lecturers get satisfaction from their work. 解答：TRUE rewarding来自reward,表示“有意义的工作”，即get satisfaction; 而原文的the majority of（绝大部分）完全能够包含题目的many（很多）。 {温馨提示} 雅思判断的TRUE往往和原文面貌全非，因为考官做了大量的paraphrase。 如果在句子中间还出现了较为生僻的单词，则在同义表达识别的基础上还需要运用词汇的猜测等技能： {原创范例} 原文：Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise. 题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying. 解答：TRUE 题目中的are unable to与原文中的are at loss to是同义词，题
雅思阅读模拟试卷
ACADEMIC READING 60 minutes READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year. But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike. The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPR!. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up. Bad behaviour But while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,' says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go.' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down,' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory. The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing. their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionization in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from
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分析： 这道题的一个难点在于定位，根据人名定位词 Tarkovsky 缩小范围为 C 段和 D 段，根据定位词“ the attraction of the cinema ”确定到 D 段对应定位词“ the key to that magic ”。找到定位句： “ ForTarkovsky, the key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamicimage of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply theexistence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. Butin cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. ” 根据这两句话我们可以看到，电影的魅力主要在于能够真正捕捉时间客观真实的流动， 和 C 选项替换改写过后意思一致。 2. 选项是原文某段的归纳总结 归纳总结是指原文句子较长较多，选项对于原文进行上下文的归纳。在剑 10, 剑 11 真 题中，选择题陷阱减少， 但是归纳总结增多， 长难句很多， 主要考察考生对于长难句的理解。 所以考生要在平时的阅读训练中， 提高自己长难句的理解能力， 学会抓住句子主干， 快速把 握句子的意思。 例：剑 10 Test 2 Passage 3 第 32 题 题目： The writer mentions London ' s NationalGallery to illustrate A. theundesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art. B. theconflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values. C. thenegative effect a museum can have on visitors D. the need toput individual well-being above 原文第六段中间部分： In addition, amajor collection like that of London which is likely to be worth morethan all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personalstatus of the individual so much by their material worth, it is thereforedifficult not to be impressed by one 's own relative ‘worthlessness ' in such anenvironment. opinions of themselves. large-scaleartistic schemes. National Gallery is housed in numerousrooms, each with dozens of works, any one of
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(4)
雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（4）
Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple，on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished. B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)， any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay. C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected？“This is
雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1word版本
2019年雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1
2019年雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1 Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback. D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it