中南大学2012级英语口试 (综合版)

中南大学2012级（第三学期）英语口试

（综合版）

Item One

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A is calling B, her boyfriend, to see a film. But he has been having a hard time at work lately and just wants to have a quiet night at home, alone.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Do you know of any place that has undergone modernization? Were the changes for the better or the worse?

Situational dialogue：（B=Bob, S=Sandy）

B: Hello?

S: Hi, it?s me!

B: Hi! How are you doing?

S: Fine, a bit stressed out. I had a hard day at work, you know, the usual.

B: Yeah, me too.

S: So, what about the film then? I just phoned the cinema to check the times and it?s on at 7 o?clock and 9.30. Which do you reckon?

B: Listen, love, do you mind if we go another night? I?m tired, I just want a quiet night, you know, watch some footie on TV.

S: But it?s the last night. You said you really wanted to go!

B: Why don?t you go with your sister? You said she wanted to see the film…

S: That?s the third time you?ve pulled out. What?s going on?

B: Nothing. I just don?t fancy it tonight. That?s all.

S: Come on, if there?s something wrong you can tell me.

B: There?s nothing wrong.

S: Yes, there is. You have been off for days. You don?t talk to me. You don?t see me. B: That?s not true.

S: Are you bored with me? Is there someone else? Have I done something wrong? B: No, no, of course not.

S: You used to want to spend time with me. What?s changed?

B: Nothing is changed. Of course I want to see you.

S: But not tonight? The football is more interesting. I suppose.

B: Oh, you know that?s not true. It?s just that I?m tired. That?s all. It has been a hard day. I just need a quiet night.

S: Alone.

B: Look, if it?s that important to you, I?ll come. What the time did you say?

S: No, forget it. I?ve gone off the idea. Let?s just drop it.

B: Look, I?d love to do something tomorrow.

S: Whatever. Just please yourself. You always do!

S: Sandy, don?t …Sandy, Sandy?

Discussion:

Modernization is usually associated with urban and industrial development. It?s said that many places have undergone modernization. I suppose that Singapore is one of the most famous cities. The land area of Singapore is less than 700 square kilometers, but it has population of more than 5,000,000. Singapore is neat and beautiful, green and livable, so it is worthy of the name “garden city”.

Just as a coin has two sides, modernization is also a weakness. For one thing, urban development promotes economic growth because modernization can alleviate employment pressure. There is no doubt that improves people?s life. For example, people can enjoy better employment, education and health care and other social welfare.

However, modernization also brings about many negative impacts. For another, the urban population is far more than the limit. And the air pollution is serious due to the development of the industrial. What?s more, many young people can?t afford to buy a house because of the high housing prices. Worst of all, a lot of migrant workers?children are unfair education in some cities of China.

In general, there are pros and cons in development. Modernization also brings a lot of problems. If only we consider various factors, can modernization be successful. Item Two

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A, a customer in a street market, sees a jacket that she/he would like to buy. And A is trying to negotiate a discount—ideally 20% with B, a market stall holder, who is prepared to offer a very small discount for goods.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Do you have any money-saving tips? Share them with your partner.

Situational dialogue：

A: Excuse me, may I try this leather jacket?

B: Oh, of course, sir.

A: This is just my size. How much is it?

B: It?s 200 dollars.

A: Hmm, yes, it?s a little more than I was prepared to pay. Could you give me a discount, do you think?

B: Well, I suppose I could give you five percent off. So, that would make it 190 dollars.

A: Hmm, the thing is this jacket is not a label clothes, you know, the price is too high for a cloth in the street market.

B: Well, I suppose I could knock off another, ten dollars, How about 180 dollars. But that?s as low as I am prepared to go. It?s genuine leather, and it?s a jacket with a detachable hood, (可拆卸帽子)so cool.

A: I am sorry, it?s still a bit above my price range, you know, students usually can?t afford such expensive clothes. I will leave it, though I really love it. Thanks.

B: Wait, wait, sir. You say what price you prefer?

A: How about selling it to me at 20 discount?

B: Eh, OK. You can have it for 160 dollars. When I was a student, I also didn?t have enough money to buy clothes up to date .I can?t go any lower than that or I will be giving it away.

A: Okay, I will take it. Thank you very much.

B: You have got yourself a bargain.

Discussion:

A: Since the price is soaring, we are always worrying about our purse, it?s necessary to master some money-saving tips. Let?s share part of them in our daily life.

First of all, we must have a correct attitude towards behaviors to save money. It?s not a shame. Whether you are wealthy or not, diligence and frugality are good habits. Now, money-saving tips are popular among young people. We usually can see some clever tips on the top of micro-blog .It?s a brand new life style they advocate. Then, I will share some specific tips with you.

First, I found that we paid for too many useless fees. I just canceled my gym membership in Shan Liang, a gym in Sheng Hua Dormitory. I felt guilty for only going there once or twice a week. It cost me a fortune in monthly subscription fees. Second, we can buy a bicycle and then you can get exercise for free. It can also save bus fees and more healthy.

Third, as a chowhound(吃货), it?s important to restrain our desire to eat snacks. The snacks are very expensive, so we must cut the cost of it. The winter is approaching, the desire to eat is stronger and stronger. But we must keep in mind that many snacks are unhealthy and the rice is our best choice when we are hungry.

Fourth, we can buy discounted daily necessities and budget brand, and also in bulk. Pay more attention to discounted goods in the supermarket, maybe you can found a league to find the discounted goods. It really makes sense to buy things in the sales. Last but not the least, we must take care of our credit card. Don?t be the slavery of the credit card. We are supposed to know every expenditure. It?s better to write down in a little book which called our own account book.

B: I think many tips are very useful in our daily life. Here are some money-saving tips when we are shopping. I get these summary from my own experience.

First, as A says, we can buy some discounted goods in the supermarket. But we must pay attention to the 'use by' date. And we can make a list of what we need before we

are going to the supermarket. And be a wise consumer, don?t be tricked by the company. They use beautiful pictures, cut - throat prices, and pretty shop girls to persuade us buying some goods which we don?t need actually. This will save much. Second, stop buying designer label clothes. Get your clothes at a market or in a discount shops and you will save a fortune. When we are going to buy an expensive cloth, ask yourself: …Do I really need this?? Even if it?s half price, if you don?t need it, you are not saving money. So, put it down, walk away.

Third, you can buy cheap things in https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5818495109.html,. There are many discounted things, without the rent of the store, the wages of the workers, things in Tao Bao is cheaper. But you should be careful of buying online.

Fourth, have a calm mind. Be clear of your own cost, keep it in mind.

Item Three

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A and

B are college students. They are talking about their experience of eating out at a restaurant.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Are you a savvy spender, a penny-pincher or a credit-card binger? Describe your spending habits.

Situational dialogue：

A: Hey B! Fancy meeting you here! How are things?

B: What a surprise. I wasn?t expecting to see you here. You look great.

A: Thank you! You too, so, what are you doing here?

B: I?m looking for a restaurant to have a lunch. Do you want to together with me? A: Yeah. It?s wonderful. Do you remember the experience of eating out at a restaurant last month? How do you like the food in that restaurant?

B: Of course. It?s so delicious. The food is really hot and spicy, but quiet delicate too.

I really love it.

A: What?s more, the food just likes a cross between Indian and Chinese. But with its own special flavors too.

A: You are right. They use a lot of lemon grass and coconut and a lot of fish. You know, how tasty it is!

B: And I really like the soups. You can choose the meat you want in your soup and the kind of noodles. There are varieties of spices then you can choose what you like.

A: Do you like Chinese food? Let?s go to eat at a Chinese restaurant. I like Chinese food very much.

B: That?s a good idea. I think Chinese food is very delicious. Especially Sichuan cuisine. It?s famous for its hot dishes.

A: Yes. I hear of Guangdong, Sichuan, Shandong and Jiangsu cuisines are the four famous Chinese cuisines.

B: Why don?t we try a Sichuan cuisine restaurant? We can order something hot.

A: OK. How about chicken cubes with chili and peanuts and the Ma-po bean curd. What soup do you want?

B: Shall we order the fish soup with preserved vegetable?

A: That?s good. I like it.

Discussion:

A: Maybe I?m a penny-pincher. I see a fabulous but ultra-expensive pair of jeans in a shop window. I will save up the money and buy them when I can afford them. I take a careful approach to budgeting and like to keep track of my income and outgoings. I trend to live within my means, planning ahead and clearing my debts as soon as I can.

I avoid paying over the odds for my purchases and I am not waylaid by special offers. B: Maybe I?m contrast with you. I see a fabulous but ultra-expensive pair of jeans in a shop window. I will forget the principle to pay the exorbitant prices for things I don?t need. I like to live life to the full regardless of the cost, and my money often burns a hole in my pocket, I am generous with my money and enjoy life?s luxuries. However, my laid-back attitude to spending and credit can land me in trouble and I may need to take a careful look at my finances if I want to avoid always being overdrawn and in debt.

A: Yeah, what kind of the shopping way do you prefer? Shopping in real store or online? I will prefer shopping online. There are many kinds and very convenient online. There are many famous shopping websites. For example, taobao，Amazon etc. You can buy everything you want online. You just need to click your mouse and everything will be OK. And the most important thing is the goods online more cheaper.

B: I prefer shopping in the real store. I like going shopping very much! It can relax my soul and make me happy. The mall is so large that can meet my requirement absolutely. There are all kinds of things. I can choose the things that suit me. I often buy some clothes. The shop assistants are very polite. If I can't find something, they will help me to find it out. I feel very happy.

Item Four

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A is telling

B a story. It could be a favorite children?s story, a traditional tale, or the plot of a novel, or a film or television program, or his/her own experience. B should respond to A?s story.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Which capital city would you most like to spend a weekend in? Why?

Situational dialogue：

A: I heard a story contains a profound lesson.

B: Em. What is the story about?

A: Maybe friendship or attitude to tradition

B: Sounds meaning.

A: The story goes that two friends were walking through the desert. During some

point of the journey they had an argument, and one friend slapped the other one in the face. The one who got slapped was hurt, but without saying anything, wrote in the sand: "Today my best friend slapped me in the face."

B: Oh, The angry man must get hurt although he is a totally vengeful gay.

A: So，anyway，They kept on walking until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. The one who had been slapped got stuck in the mire and started drowning, but the friend saved him. After he recovered from the near drowning, he wrote on a stone: "Today my best friend saved my life."

B: Why? His behavior is confusing.

A: Yes. The friend asks the same question as you. The other friend replied: "When someone hurts us we should write it down in sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But when someone does something good for us, we must engrave it in stone where no wind can ever erase it."

B: OH what a relief .I bet you have feeling of it.

A: I want to know yours

B: Our life is about friends said that we should play an important role in it. Don't care much .Learn to write your hurts in the sand and to carve your benefits in stone. Discussion:

A: France is calling

Many people are starting to think about going abroad for the summer holidays.

This year, I really want to spread my wings and visit France?

France is a wonderful place to go for a holiday. It is a huge country, with coasts o n the English Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In additio n, it has many mountain regions which are excellent for skiing.

The center of France is a big, agricultural region, growing crops such as wheat a nd sunflowers, It is amazing to drive past fields which seem to go on forever o r whole hills covered with neat rows of grapevines .One of the most scenic areas i s the Loire Valley, where you can visit the old castles in which the kings and quee ns of France used to live. Paris is the capital of France. It is one of the most pop ular tourist destinations in the world. With its world-famous landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and the Arc de Triomphe(凯旋门), and its wide tree-lined stree ts, Paris is one of the most beautiful cities in the the world.

If you are taking your children with you, remember that Euro Disney is just an h our away from the center of the same attractions as the Disney parks in the US

A.

If you want to go on to visit Britain, you can now do it without flying or takin

g a ferry. The Channel Tunnel, or(to use us nickname)the 'Chunnel', enables yo

u to travel to train from Paris London in about three hours.

In our city, we can see the influence of France in some ways. France, like China, is famous for its food. Some bakeries provide French bread and cakes. Other p

opular French products are it cheese, brandy and wine.

Many of the world's top designer names are French. Names such as Dior in cloth es, Chanel in perfume, and Cartier in jewellery are familiar to many Chinese peop le .A quick walk along Nanjing Road will remind you of many similar names.

France is a leader in art and culture, too. A lot of young students from differen t countries go to France to further their studies .Every year ,French film festivals ,exhibitions and concerts are organized all over the world.

B: Tokyo is the heaven of shopping. What attracts me most is that Tokyo has the most complete goods of comics. And they are always cheaper than those in China. Our team want to go to Kyoto because of the well-preserved Japanese culture as well as the dreamlike scenery.

Nagoya is a city with a long history. So the traditional Japanese food can be seen everywhere here. Not only the sushi but also the fried small fish is what we want to taste in this trip.

Item Five（版本1）

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A wants to borrow B?s car to take his/her elderly aunt, who has difficulty walking, to the airport. There are no buses or trains as it is an early flight. B, however, prefers not to lend the car again, as it got scratched when a friend borrowed it the last time.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

What are the advantages and disadvantages of urban life?

Situational dialogue：:

A: Can you lend me your can？I want to take my elderly aunt to the airport. You know, she is too old to walk there herself.

B: Your aunt? Wasn't she always live in your home? Why she go to the airport? Where's she going?

A: My cousin's son was born, and she?s going home to have a look at her grandson. B: To be honest, I don?t want to lend my car to others anymore. Last week a friend of mine borrowed my car to a party, and the car got scratched when he back.

A: Come on! I?ll be very careful, just trust me.

B: I just got the car fixed, I don?t want to let it hurt again. You?d better to borrow from others.

A: In addition to you I can?t find any other people to borrow a car. I promise, I won?t break your car. If I really broke your car, I'll pay you.

B: All right, I?ll lend you the car, but it never again.

A: OK, I swear it's the last time. You're so kind.

Discussion

the advantages and disadvantages of urban life

Most people want to live in the city. But as we know, there are always pros and cons. Living a urban life has both advantages and disadvantages. It is often easier to find work. There are always many choices of public transport. Besides, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. You can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, go to cinemas and go to parks whenever you want to relax. However, the urban life is often very expensive. You must find a well-paid job, otherwise, you will not be able to afford the things you will do. What's more, the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty. It is very difficult to find a good place where people can enjoy peace and fresh air as in the countryside.

Actually,city dwellers gain access to better information service and educational faci lities. But the city population and congestion is nearly out of control, the urban air pollution is serious, the living conditions is poor. In the city, we live under a lot of pressure. The life is too fast. Actually, the people live in the city are really not always happy.

Item Five（版本2）

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A wants to borrow B?s car to take his/her elderly aunt, who has difficulty walking, to the airport. There are no buses or trains as it is an early flight. B, however, prefers not to lend the car again, as it got scratched when a friend borrowed it the last time.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

What are the advantages and disadvantages of urban life?

Situational dialogue:

A: Hello，this is A speaking.

B: It?s B, what?s up?

A: It seems hard to speak out，but as a matter of fact，I?m getting into the trouble and just need your help indeed.

B: I?m sorry to hear that, but I won?t stand by if I can do something for you. Just tell me what had happened.

A: Something about my elderly aunt, you know, who has difficulty walking.

B: I have heard a lot about her, it is said that she is a warm-hearted woman. Then, did something bad happen to her injury?

A: No, to be honest, I?m supposed to take her to the airport for the early flight. But unfortunately，there are no buses or trains as it is an early flight. So, I?d like to say, if you can lend your car to me so that my aunt can reach the airport on time.

B: Hmm, I?d like to lend it to you. But，maybe you have heard of the accident that my car got scratched not long before when C borrowed. Therefore, I can?t have such kind of thing happening again.

A: Yes, I knew that both of you have been in deep sorrow. However, you are the only one of my friends who has a car. In fact, even I don?t know who else I can ask for

help.

Please do me a favor, I will appreciate it if you can lend your car to me.

B: As your kind aunt is in a hurry，I…

A : I promise I will prevent your car from being scratched again and keep it all right. B: Honestly speaking，you aunt have helped me a lot. Okay, I can lend my car to you, but don?t forget to keep your word.

A: Of course I will take care of it and keep all the security. Thanks for your great kindness.

B: My pleasure.

Discussion:

A：

Nowadays, with the rapidly development of urbanization, more and more countrymen tend to migrate the city for a brand new life.

As far as I'm concerned, I'm in favor of their point of living in the city so as to improve the standard of living. Firstly speaking, people who live in urban areas have more and better job opportunities than people in rural areas. That's to say, they have more chances to make a living of themselves. Secondly, to a partial but unknown extent some of the higher education results from education obtained after their moving to the city. So there is no doubt that urban areas create a cultural atmosphere indeed. On the other hand, It is easy for the citizens to go the theaters, cinemas or concerts whenever they want to have a relax or improve their art accomplishments. So in my point of view，living in a city, people have certain advantages.

B:

First of all, let me state my opinion. From where I'm standing, I'd like to say, I don't approve of what you have said totally. For instance, generally in rural areas there is less pollution, less crime, and less stress than in urban areas.

Compared with the urban life, rural life is quieter, slow and peaceful, which is different from the city?s noise and crowd. Wandering throug h the farmland or lying on the meadow, with enjoying the fresh air, it?s easy to calm down and think about the essence of the life. Besides，people can more easily make friends and families are closer. In a word，compared to the urban life，life in the rural areas also has some unique advantages.

A：

Of course it does. Never do I deny the advantages in rural life, but I do think urban life will provide a more colorful future. For example, I don't deny that people in the rural areas also can receive good education, but a good condition in the urban areas does benefit a lot, not only in study but also the artistic achievement. What's your point of view toward such a question, B?

B:

Yeah, to some extent, urban life provides plenty of benefits that people in rural areas can not enjoy with. But at the same time，many problems has been exposed. Urban poverty is generally more difficult and stressful than rural poverty. One is more likely to be the victim of crime, there is more pollution, and schools are often third rate. In a word, urban life or rural life, which one is better, it?s really hard to say. Different people can make different choice, for both of them have their own advantages and shortcomings indeed.

A: Y es, you are right, every coin has too sides. Either of them has the advantages together with the disadvantages.

Item Six

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

Imagine that A comes from Beijing and B is a foreigner who is going to visit the city for the first time. Make up a dialogue about Beijing and give relevant tips. B: Hey!I?m going to Beijing this summer vacation. But I think that it?d be hard for me to get around on my own. You are a local resident in Beijing, aren?t you? Would you please give me some advice on my trip?

A: Sure! Welcome to Beijing! Beijing is an old city with a rich history. So there remains many historical sites that worth seeing, such as the summer palace, the great wall, the Forbidden City and so on. All these art treasures have made it a center of culture and art in China. You may join a tour.

B: i love Chinese traditional culture! They must be an eye-feast! But I don?t like the fast pace of tours. I?d rather have the time to take in each site, not rush through it just to say I?ve been there.

A:oh! I see. You prefer independence travel. I think you may make your way around leisurely to see the sites by taking a subway line, because most of them are located along the subway line.

B: That?s convenient! By the way, how do i pay for the fare?

A: 2 yuan for each ride. And there is a subway map on the ticket so you won?t get lost.

B: wow! Sounds great! I cant?t wait to visit Beijing! I?ll call you as soon as i arrive. A: OK. i?m looking forward to your arrival!

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Should death penalty be abolished or not?

庄璜cons:

Someone who has committed a crime deserves to be punished. I think the controversy comes when talking about the extent of the punishment. I believe that the crimes of rape, torture, kidnapping, and murder with inevitable evidence such as multiple eye witnesses, DNA, or any other types of evidence should end immediate death after trial. The death penalty is by no means degrading of human life, or demeaning dignity but simply showing the crime is unjust and will not be tolerated.

pros:

Now that we are so against killing somebody, then why are we going to kill someone else. If you trade an eye for an eye the whole world will be blind.What gives the justice system the right to take a human life? Advocates of the death sentence seem to tend to appeal to the emotions but at the end of the day this type of revenge that seems so popular is never satisfying, it's just another death among thousands.

Besides ,thousands of people in the history have been proved innocent after death. So why do we risk killing another innocent person? That would be another tragedy.

Item Seven

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A and

B are talking about their traveling experiences. They tell each other the cities which impress them most.

A: Hey, B. What are you doing now?

B: I?m looking for some information about traveling. As too many places to choose from, it?s really difficult for me to decide where to go. Do you have some advice?

A: Let me think…Have you ever been to Beijing? There are a lot of tourist attractions in Beijing, especially the historical ones.

B: No, I haven?t, so I have taken it into consideration. How about your trip to Beijing? A: The tour was interesting but a little tired. We walked a lot when we were visiting the Imperi al Palace because it?s too large. And we were even lost. You know what, if you want to have a bite on all kinds of snacks and do some shopping, the Wangfujing Street is a better choice.

B: Really? That sounds wonderful! Hearing your words, I am totally attracted by Beijing. The most impressive city I have been to is Hangzhou. We arrived at the island in the center of West Lake by boat. It?s covered by different kinds of trees and plants. The scenery is indeed fabulous.

A: Wow, it must worth a visit.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Do you identify with “Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus” given of your sex? Why or why not?

(1)Women

(魏雨)I kind of approve the saying that women are from Venus. It is said that the Venusians value love, communication, beauty, and relationships. Women are always more concerned with living in harmony, community, and loving cooperation. They care more about feelings. For example, men often go to lunch to discuss business because of its convenience, while women do that to deepen the relationship with friends and share personal feelings.

（庄璜）For the fulfillment, women pride themselves in being considerate of the needs but men experience fulfillment according to success. But these are not all. Women also have some features of Martians. Although they are not as powerful as men, they purchase their own achievement and goals and accomplish things more carefully and efficiently. The ability to achieve results is also a resource of fulfillment and the sense of self.

(2)Men

I identify with “men are from Mars” because men are indeed the same as Martians in characteristic. Martians value power, competence, efficiency, and achievement. They prefer proving themselves and develop power and skills. They are more rational and purposeful. They care more about cars, technology and other powerful things. Competing with others and wining in the end, they gain fulfillment and be pride of themselves.

As for the relationship and communication, men are also concerned with their families and friends. But they rarely ask for help or share feelings with them because they don?t like to finish something with others?help when they can do it by themselves, and asking for help sometimes means weakness from their perspective.

Item Eight

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A and

B are friends. They share with each other their shopping experiences and describe their recent purchases.

A: The weather is increasingly cold. I really hate winter. Oh, I?m shivering now.

B: Yeah. Why not wear thicker clothes?

A: I want to buy a warmer one. So I went shopping and walked around looking for one, but there is no satisfying one. You look really good in this down jacket. Where did you get it?

B: Thank you. I bought the new down jacket online. It?s very warm and cool in shape. Maybe you can buy one online. There are all kinds of styles of down jackets on the Internet. And those which are on sale are cheaper than them in entity shops.

A: But I have some terrible memory about shopping online. Recently I bought a coat online, which became my headache. I was almost frozen when I opened the package. The color wasn?t the same as it in picture. What made me angrier is its grim quality and strange look. In a word, it?s entirely different from the description on the Internet. B: Oh, that? too bad. You should have looked at the comments given by other buyers on the things first. But it?s OK. I can recommend some to you. It?s no need to worry about the quality because these shops have a warranty. If there are some problems, you can return the purchases or get them replaced.

A: Really? It?s so nice of you. Thank you very much.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Do you think that jokes from another country are sometimes not understood in another? Give examples.

庄璜Different countries have numerous differences on history, culture and custom. So I think it is common the jokes from another country are sometimes not understood in another.

For Example, there is a person asks what the Indian wearing the suit said, the other person remarks “not guilty.”

庄璜I beg your pardon?? I don?t catch it actually...

Hearing this, I don?t have any sense on it. But it?s a joke in America.

In fact, the word “suit” also means the clothes prisoners wear. This joke is to say that the Indians wearing suits must be guilty because a lot of Indians do guilt. It?s kind of like a racist joke. So, if someone knows nothing about the American culture, he won?t understand their jokes.

庄璜Like me... Similarly, our jokes may not be understood by people from other countries, such as the jokes coming from the words which are similar in pronunciation but different in meaning. It?s hard to find something interesting when they are translated into other languages.

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A and

B are friends. They share with each other their shopping experiences and describe their recent purchases.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Do you think that jokes from another country are sometimes not understood in another? Give examples.

Situational dialogue：

A: Hey, haven?t seen you for a long time! I heard you have a tourism this summer, really?

B: Yeah! This summer stroked me. I went to Hong Kong for shopping.

A: Oh , it?s really amazing .You know ,Hong Kong is a shopping paradise .There must be plenty of interesting things there.

B: Yeah, you can meet many infrequent commodities and luxury goods there. Such as Gorgio Armani , Hermes, Louis Vuitton and so on.

A: It?s so attractive. I just see them on TV. They must be cheaper than those i n the mainland of china.

B: Yes, and you can have more choices there.

A: And where have you been to?

B: Well, like the Times Square ,the Dragon Centre, Tsim Sha Tsui and so on .In my view ,they are not only shopping centers but also like big parks or galleries.

A: I really hope to go there sometime.

B: And how about you? Have you ever been to any famous shopping centers?

A: Well, I don?t like to go out. I just shop online. I got an IPhone5S last week on Jing Dong .You know I?m a fan of "Apple" brand product s.

B: Wow, you are really fashionable .Oh it?s already 6 o?clock .I must go home .See you next time.

A: See you.

Discussion:

I think that jokes from another country are sometimes not understood in another .It may because the different culture between different countries .The long human history evolves many different cultures on the earth .It contains the continent culture ,the ocean culture and the island culture .Chinese culture is the typical continent culture .It is introverted and always has a long history ,it has own confidence and hard to accept other culture .The ocean culture mainly reflected in the West Europe culture or the Christianity culture .It is open and outgoing .It is glad to absorb outside cultures and change them into their own culture. The United Kingdom representatives of the island culture .Lacking of resource so it shows unitive and invasive .So it is not strange that we can?t understand the jokes of other countries .Such as the jokes between the two gays in the modern family don?t amuse some Chinese .Different countries have different cultures ,and different cultures have different jokes.

Task 1: Situational dialogue (3 minutes)

A and

B are friends. They share with each other their shopping experiences and describe their recent purchases.

Task 2: Discussion (5 minutes)

Do you think that jokes from another country are sometimes not understood in another? Give examples.

Situational dialogue:

A : Hey , B, do you enjoy shopping ?

B : Oh, yes, I really enjoy it ,what about you? Do you like it too?

A: Sure, I like it so much, and I remember that it is the first time I shopped when I was 12 years old.

B: Wo...Sounds interesting, so, you must have so much shopping experience.

A: Em, yes, actually I have.

B: Would you like to share with me?

A: Of course. I always go shopping by myself, before I go shopping, I will write down the good I want to buy on the list. Then I won?t buy something less or something more. And when I decide to buy one thing, I will go to at least 5 stores and check their good and price, then choose the best one. What?s more, it?s important to bargain to the boss, sometimes you will buy the cheap but beautiful good. What about you?

B: That?s great. For me , I rarely go shopping outside, I usually go shopping by the Internet .As you know ,Internet is a very convenient tool ,it can save my time and money, but it also have some rick. So I often read the comments from the customers, then I will see the picture and the introduce of the good, such as the price, the look and so on. And the most important thing is that you should keep your password, if it?s let out, you may lose your money.

A: Sound convenient but dangerous.

B: It?s OK if you have enough experience. Oh, I heard that you have bought something good last week, isn?t it?

A: Oh, yes, but not something very good. You know I have a sweet tooth , so I wanted to eat some candy, but my mother let me buy it myself.

B: So? And what happened next?

A: I went to the shop and choose what I want, and finally I found that I didn?t take money.

B: Oh, that?s embarrassed but impressed, you should not make mistake like this.

A: I don?t know why I was so unlucky that time. What about you? Did you buy something recently?

B: Last week, I bought a book ,and it?s very good. If you buy the book from the book store, you may spend at least 40 yuan, but I bought from the Internet ,it only cost me 20 yuan, it help me save 20 yuan, and the book feels so good.

A: You are always so clever and lucky, I want to tried to shop from the Internet now, would you like to teach me when you have time、

B：Of course, maybe this Saturday, we can share more shopping experience each other.

A: OK, see you this Saturday.

B: Oh, I have something to do now, so I have to leave, bye bye.

A: Bye.

Discussion:

A:I agree with it.Just take me for example,I have a friend,who is from Xinjiang,he be lieve in Islam.One day I told a joke to him "you are as lazy as a pig.",Suddenly he beg an angry and told me that Islamite think that pigs emblem bad people,at last I said sorry to him.

B:I also agree with the view.Sometimes foreigners also can not understand Chinese jo kes.For example,a foreign student slept not very well last night,next morning a Chinese student see him and talk about it,the Chinese student says that"Did you visit Mr zhou last night?",it's only a normal joke to Chinese,but foreigners can not understa nd.

A:Yes,I agree with you.In my opinion,the incomprehension between different country is because of the difference of cultural feature.For example,on April Fool day in the w estern country,they can make fun of each other without responsibility of moral and la w,they can even make fun of their elder member of family,but in China we should res pect rather than ridicule them.They are open so their jokes Sometime we can not acce pt it,so we can not understand it.

B:As far as I am concerned,I agree with A's opinion,but I think we can not understand the joke because we know no enough about other countries' culture and history,as I ha ve said,the foreigner can not understand because he know less about Chinese tradition al civilization,if he study more about it,he may understand the meaning of the joke.

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070102 计算数学 计算数学也叫做数值计算方法或数值分析。主要内容包括代数方程、线性代数方程组、微分方程的数值数值逼近问题，矩阵特征值的求法，最优化计算问题，概率统计计算问题等等，还包括解的存在性、唯一性差分析等理论问题。我们知道五次及五次以上的代数方程不存在求根公式，因此，要求出五次以上的高次代一般只能求它的近似解，求近似解的方法就是数值分析的方法。对于一般的超越方程，如对数方程、三角方采用数值分析的办法。怎样找出比较简洁、误差比较小、花费时间比较少的计算方法是数值分析的主要课题的办法中，常用的办法之一是迭代法，也叫做逐次逼近法。迭代法的计算是比较简单的，是比较容易进行的以用来求解线性方程组的解。求方程组的近似解也要选择适当的迭代公式，使得收敛速度快，近似误差小。 在线性代数方程组的解法中，常用的有塞德尔迭代法、共轭斜量法、超松弛迭代法等等。此外，一些比消去法，如高斯法、追赶法等等，在利用计算机的条件下也可以得到广泛的应用。在计算方法中，数值逼近本方法。数值逼近也叫近似代替，就是用简单的函数去代替比较复杂的函数，或者代替不能用解析表达式表值逼近的基本方法是插值法。 初等数学里的三角函数表，对数表中的修正值，就是根据插值法制成的。在遇到求微分和积分的时候，的函数去近似代替所给的函数，以便容易求到和求积分，也是计算方法的一个主要内容。微分方程的数值解法。常微分方程的数值解法由欧拉法、预测校正法等。偏微分方程的初值问题或边值问题，目前常用的是有限元素法等。有限差分法的基本思想是用离散的、只含有限个未知数的差分方程去代替连续变量的微分方程求出差分方程的解法作为求偏微分方程的近似解。有限元素法是近代才发展起来的，它是以变分原理和剖分的方法。在解决椭圆形方程边值问题上得到了广泛的应用。目前，有许多人正在研究用有限元素法来解双曲方程。计算数学的内容十分丰富，它在科学技术中正发挥着越来越大的作用。 排名学校名称等级 1 北京大学A+ 2 浙江大学 A+ 3 吉林大学A+ 4 大连理工大学A+ 5 西安交通大学A 北京大学：http:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5818495109.html,/NewsSpecialDetailsInfo.aspx?SID=4 浙江大学：http:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5818495109.html,/NewsSpecialDetailsInfo.aspx?SID=21847 吉林大学：http:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5818495109.html,/NewsSpecialDetailsInfo.aspx?SID=5506 大连理工大学：http:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5818495109.html,/NewsSpecialDetailsInfo.aspx?SID=4388 西安交通大学：http:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5818495109.html,/NewsSpecialDetailsInfo.aspx?SID=18285

308护理综合

硕士研究生护理综合考试科目及参考大纲 概述 一、护理综合考试科目包括： 护理学基础、内科护理学及外科护理学。 二、考试比例： 护理学基础占30%（其中护理学导论占10%，基础护理学占20%）、内科护理学占40%、外科护理学占30%。 三、题型结构： 单项选择题（占60%，180分，每题1.5分，120道题，其中护理学基础36道、内科护理学48道、外科护理学36道） 多项选择题（占20%，60分，每题2分，30道题，其中护理学基础9道、内科护理学12道、外科护理学9道） 问答题（病例分析）（占20%，60分，每题20分，3道题，护理学基础1道、内科护理学1道、外科护理学1道） 总分300分。 四、考试时间： 3小时。 五、参考教材： 人民卫生出版社出版的最新版的本科教材《护理学基础》、《内科护理学》及《外科护理学》。 备注：复试时各学校可根据考生报考的方向重点考核各相关的专科领域，如妇产科护理学，儿科护理学，社区护理学等。

护理学基础 一、考查目标 护理学基础是护理学专业的一门基础课程，包括两部分内容：护理学导论与基础护理学。护理学导论考核内容包括护理学基本概念、常用相关理论、护理程序、常用护理理论、护患关系与沟通等；基础护理学主要考核的内容包括满足患者基本需要的基本理论知识和基本操作技能。 二、考试内容 （一）护理学导论 1．护理学基本概念 （1）人、环境、健康、护理的概念及相互关系 （2）整体护理的概念 （3）专业护士的角色 2．护理程序 （1）护理程序的概念、步骤 （2）护理诊断的定义、分类、陈述方式 （3）护理目标的陈述方式 3．护患关系与沟通 （1）沟通的概念、要素 （2）常用的沟通技巧 （3）不恰当的沟通方式 4．护理学相关理论 （1）一般系统论 （2）人类基本需要层次论 （3）成长与发展的理论 （4）应激与适应 5．护理理论 （1）Orem自理理论 （2）Roy适应模式 （二）基础护理学 1．医院环境 （1）环境因素对健康的影响

中南大学药学综合

药学院2012年硕士生741《药学基础综合》考试大纲.doc 院研字【2011】5号 ________________________________________ 中南大学2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试 《药学基础综合》考试大纲 本考试大纲由中南大学药学院教授委员会于2011年7月12日通过。 药学基础综合由《基础有机化学》和《分析化学》两部分组成，下面分别论述其考试大纲。考试参考书： 1.《基础有机化学》邢其毅，裴伟伟等主编，高等教育出版社，第三版。 2.《分析化学》李发美主编，人民卫生出版社，第六版。 《基础有机化学》考试大纲 一、考试性质 药学综合是中南大学招收药学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。其目的是科学、公平和有效地测试学生掌握药学学科的基本知识、基本理论以及在实际中利用所学知识分析问题和解决问题的综合能力。 二、考查目标 理解有机化学的基本概念、原理和研究方法 熟练理解和掌握基本有机化合物的理化性质和化学反应 熟练理解和掌握常见有机化学反应机理 熟练理解和掌握常见有机化合物的制备、合成路线设计 掌握简单有机化合物的光谱解析和结构确证 有机化学实验的基本操作和试验设计 三、试卷形式和试卷结构 1试卷满分和考试时间：基础有机化学部分150分，考试时间90分钟 2答题方式：答题方式为闭卷和笔试 3试卷内容结构

试卷内容包括有机化学基本概念，原理，有机化合物的理化性质，有机反应，反应机理，化合物制备，合成方法，波谱解析，有机实验基本操作方法和试验设计。 四、试卷题型结构 填空题：50-70分 简答和机理题：20-30分 合成设计题：20-30分 实验部分：15-20分 波谱解析和结构推断：15-20分 五、考查内容 第1章绪论1.1有机化学和有机化合物的特性1.2结构概念和结构理论，价键理论，分子轨道理论1.3化学键1.4酸碱理论 第2章有机化合物的分类、表示方法和命名2.1有机化合物的分类有机化合物的表示方式2.2有机化合物的命名 第3章立体化学 3.1轨道的杂化和碳原子价健的方向性 3.2构象与构象异构体 3.3旋光异构体 第4章烷烃自由基取代反应 4.1烷烃的分类，烷烃环烃的物理性质 4.2烷烃的反应 4.2烷烃的制备 第5章紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱5.1紫外光谱5.2红外光谱5.3核磁共振5.4质谱 第6章脂肪族饱和碳原子上的亲核取代反应b-消除反应 6.1脂肪族饱和碳原子上的亲核取代反应6.2b-消除反应 第7章卤代烃有机金属化合物7.1卤代烃的分类，卤代烃的结构卤代烃的物理性质7.2卤代

数值分析练习1-3章

第一章 绪论 一、填空题 1、 已知 71828.2e =，求x 的近似值a 的有效数位和相对误差： 题号 精确数x x 的近似数a a 的有效数位 a 的相对误差 ⑴ e 2.7 ⑵ e 2.718 ⑶ e/100 0.027 ⑷ e/100 0.02718 2、 设原始数据x 1，x 2，x 3和x 4的近似值（每位均为有效数字）如下： a 1=1.1021，a 2=0.031，a 3=385.6，a 4=56.430 则 ⑴ a 1+a 2+a 4= ，相对误差界为 ； ⑵ a 1a 2a 3= ，相对误差界为 ； ⑶ a 2/a 4= ，相对误差界为 。 二、为使20的近似值的相对误差小于0.01%，问应取多少位有效数字？ 三、当x 接近于0时，怎样计算 x x sin cos 1-以及当x 充分大时，怎样计算 x x -+1，才会使其结果的有效数字不会严重损失。 四、在数值计算中，为了减小误差，应该尽量避免的问题有哪些？并举出相 应的实例. 五、对于序列 ,1,0,9991 =+=? n dx x x I n n ，试构造两种递推算法计算 10I ，在你构造的算法中，那一种是稳定的，说明你的理由；

第二章 插值法 １、在互异的n+1个点处满足插值条件P(x i )=y i ,(i=0,1,…n)的次数不高于n 的 多项式是( )的 (Ａ)存在且唯一 (Ｂ)存在 (Ｃ)不存在 (Ｄ)不唯一 2、当f(x)是次数不超过n 的多项式时，f(x)的插值多项式是 ( ) (Ａ)不确定 (Ｂ)次数为n (Ｃ)f(x)自身 （D ）次数超过n 3、 插值基函数的和 ∑=n j j x l )(= ( ) (Ａ)０ (Ｂ)１ (Ｃ)２ (Ｄ)不确定 4、 设f(x)=x 3-x+5，则f[20,21,22,23]= ( )； f[20,21,22,23,24]= ( ) (Ａ)０ (Ｂ)１ (Ｃ)２ (Ｄ)不确定 5、( )插值方法具有公式整齐、程序容易实现的优点，而( )插值方法 计算灵活，如果节点个数变化时，不需要重新构造多项式，它们都是( )的方法 (Ａ)构造性 (Ｂ)解方程组 (Ｃ)拉格朗日 (Ｄ)牛顿 ６、一般地，内插公式比外推公式( ),高次插值比低次插值( )，但 当插值多项式的次数高于七、八次时，最好利用( )插值公式 (Ａ)粗糙 (Ｂ)精确 (Ｃ)分段低次 (Ｄ)高次 ７、整体光滑度高，收敛性良好，且在外型设计、数值计算中应用广泛的分 段插值方法为（ ）. （Ａ）分段线性插值 （Ｂ）分段抛物插值 （Ｃ）分段三次埃尔米特插值 （Ｄ）三次样条插值。 ８、差商与差分的关系式为 f[x 0,x 1,…,x k ]=（ ）,f[x n ,x n-1,…,x n-k ]=（ ）。 （Ａ）k n k h k f !? （Ｂ）k k h k f !0? （Ｃ）k n k h k f !? （Ｄ）k k h k f !0 ?

308护理综合

308-护理综合 护理综合考试科目包括护理学基础、内科护理学及外科护理学。护理学基础占30%（其中护理学导论占10%，基础护理学占20%）、内科护理学占40%、外科护理学占30%。题型包括单项选择题、多项选择题、问答题（病例分析）。 一、考试目的 《护理综合》（代码308）是护理学硕士研究生入学统一考试的科目之一。《护理综合》考试要力求反映护理学硕士学位的特点，科学、公平、准确、规范地测评考生的基本素质和综合能力，以利于选拔具有发展潜力的优秀护理人才入学。 二、考试要求 测试考生对护理学专业的基本概念、基础知识的掌握情况和运用能力。 三、考试内容 一、护理学基础 1．护理学基本概念 （1）人、环境、健康、护理的概念及相互关系 （2）整体护理的概念 （3）专业护士的角色 2．护理程序 （1）护理程序的概念、步骤 （2）护理诊断的定义、分类、陈述方式 （3）护理目标的陈述方式 3．护患关系与沟通 （1）沟通的概念、要素 （2）常用的沟通技巧 （3）不恰当的沟通方式 4．护理学相关理论 （1）一般系统论 （2）人类基本需要层次论 （3）成长与发展的理论 （4）应激与适应 5．护理理论

（1）Orem自理理论 （2）Roy适应模式 6．医院环境 （1）环境因素对健康的影响 （2）医院环境的调控 7．舒适与安全 （1）各种卧位 （2）运送患者法 （3）医院常见的不安全因素及防范 8．清洁卫生 （1）口腔护理 （2）皮肤护理 9．预防与控制医院感染 （1）医院感染：概念、分类、防控 （2）清洁、消毒、灭菌：概念、方法 （3）无菌技术：概念、操作原则、操作方法 （4）隔离技术：概念、原则、种类 10．生命体征 （1）体温：生理变化、影响因素、测量与记录、异常及护理 （2）血压：生理变化、影响因素、测量与记录、异常及护理 （3）脉搏：生理变化及异常、测量与记录 （4）呼吸：生理变化及异常、测量与记录 11．冷热疗法 （1）冷疗法：概念、因素、方法 （2）热疗法：概念、因素、方法 12．饮食与营养 （1）人体对营养的需要 （2）医院饮食：基本饮食、治疗饮食、试验饮食 （3）特殊饮食：管喂饮食、要素饮食 13．排泄 （1）排尿护理：影响正常排尿的因素、排尿活动的观察、排尿异常的表现及护理、导尿法及留置导尿病人的护理 （2）排便护理：影响正常排便的因素、排便活动的观察、排便异常的护理、灌肠法14．给药

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