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武汉理工大学网络教育学院土木工程英语一96分答案

武汉理工大学网络教育学院土木工程英语一96分答案
武汉理工大学网络教育学院土木工程英语一96分答案

(一) 单选题

1. The airplane arrived one hour behind______.

(A) timetable (B) plan (C) date (D) schedule

难度:中分值:

2. The judge suspected the truth of the evidence provided by the witness.

(A) believed

(B) doubted

(C) gussed

(D) realized

难度:中分值:

3. Are you positive that the boy you saw in the hotel corridor(走廊) was Peter?

(A) right

(B) sure

(C) wrong

(D) doubtful

难度:中分值:

4.

She proposes that we have a birthday party for our English teacher.

(A)

suggests

(B)

intends

(C)

demands

(D)

decides

难度:中 分值:

5. He cought to have handed in the paper yesterday . That’s what he __________.

(A) shoud have done (B) should do (C)

should

(D) should be doing

难度:中 分值:

6. It was in that small room______ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.

(A) what

(B) in which (C) which (D) that

难度:中 分值:

7.

We need an extra copy of the book for the newcomer.

(A)

a rare

(B)

an additional

(C)

an unusual

(D)

an

excellent

难度:中 分值:8. Betty was nervous whenever she saw her history teacher.

(A)

tense

(B) delighted (C)

relaxed

(D) disappionted

难度:中 分值:9. White teeth are a sharp ______ to black skin

(A)

content

(B)

contrast

(C)

contract

(D)

contact

难度:中 分值:10. I suggest that you review these lessons before you take the final exam.

(A) go across

(B) go up (C) go over (D) go on

难度:中 分值:11. He never married, but his life was____ lonely

(A)

by far

(B)

far from

(C)

so far

(D)

so far as

难度:中 分值:

12.

Rain does not ______ bring down the temperature

(A)

certainly

(B) undoubtedly

(C) necessarily

(D)

completely

难度:中 分值:

13. “We’ll do what we can to get the goods ________ on time,” said the manager of

the company.

(A)

reach

(B) returned (C) delivered (D)

come

难度:中 分值:

14.

_______ his wealth, he is not happy

(A)

Except

for

(B)

In spite

of

(C)

Because of

(D)

besides

难度:中 分值:

15. All her doubts vanished after she read the letter from Jimmy.

(A)

broke

(B) decreased (C) disappeared (D)

grew

难度:中 分值:

16.

The football game will be played on ______

(A)

June

six

(B)

six

June

(C)

the sixth of June

(D)

the six of June

难度:中 分值:

17. If you _____ your name and address on the card, we’ll send the book to you as soon

as it is returned.

(A)

go

over

(B)

fill

in

(C)

find out

(D)

carry out

难度:中 分值:

18.

One of his many faults is that he never _______ anything very long.

(A)

decides

on

(B)

sticks

to

(C)

goes over

(D)

makes sure

难度:中 分值:

19. You _________ me , because I didn’t say that.

(A) must have misunderstood (B)

must misunderstand

(C) must be misunderstood (D) had to misunderstand

难度:中 分值:

20.

Smoking is prohibited in the office

(A)

no good

(B)

discouraged

(C)

encouraged

(D)

not allowed

难度:中 分值:

21.

We moved to the front row______ we could hear and see better

(A)

so as

(B)

so that

(C)

because

(D)

such that

难度:中 分值:22. Television keeps us informed about______- events and the latest developments in

science and politics

(A)

current

(B)

fashionable

(C)

brand-new

(D)

previous

难度:中 分值:23. It was not a serious accident; the car needs only some______ repairs

(A) major

(B) secondary (C) minor (D) primary

难度:中 分值:24. The police investigation discovered that three young men were ____ in the robbery.

(A)

caught

(B)

involved

(C)

connected

(D)

tightened

难度:中 分值:25. Linda can barely read and write though she has recently graduated from high school.

(A)

seldom

(B)

undoubtedly

(C)

perfected

(D)

hardly

难度:中分值:

26. He failed in his ____ to give up the bad habit of cigarette smoking

(A) attain (B) attempt (C) assent (D) tempt

难度:中分值:

27. I couldn’t understand why he pretended _________ in the bookstore.

(A) not to see me

(B) to see me not

(C) not see me

(D) to see not me

难度:中分值:

28. It is the boy’s laziness that ________ his failure in the exams.

(A) resulted from

(B) resulted in

(C) brought in

(D) led into

难度:中 分值:

29.

It is a worthwhile experiment even if it may fail.

(A)

necessary

(B)

complete

(C)

valuable

(D)

perfect

难度:中 分值:

30.

The school bus was_____ by a thick fog.

(A)

held

up

(B)

broken

off

(C)

kept up

(D)

put off

难度:中 分值:

31.

What she suggested has been_____ just because it is impracticable.

(A)

turn

down

(B)

turn

in

(C)

turn over

(D)

turn up

难度:中 分值:

32. Bob’s doctor suggests _________ for a few days.

(A)

that he rest

(B)

his

resting

(C)

him to rest

(D)

that he is resting

难度:中 分值:33. Her heart was slightly ___ as a result of her long illness.

(A)

damaged

(B)

destroyed

(C)

demolished

(D)

spoiled

难度:中 分值:34. How we __________ a chance to visit your great country !

(A) looked for (B) longed for (C) waited for (D) went for

难度:中 分值:35. Vickie had most probably ______ her for another sort of girl

(A)

regarded

(B)

viewed

(C)

mistaken

(D)

looked

难度:中 分值:36. Only guests of the hotel enjoy the ____ of using the private beach.

(A)

privilege

(B)

possibility

(C)

favour

(D)

advantage

难度:中 分值:

37.

Be sure to ________ your work at the end of the exam.

(A)

look

over

(B)

hang

up

(C)

set aside

(D)

catch sight of

难度:中 分值:

38. As long as you keep trying , you’ll certainly succeed.

(A) If (B) As (C)

Because

(D) No matter how

难度:中 分值:

39.

I received a _____ parcel yesterday and I am still wondering who may have sent it

(A)

sincere

(B)

dull

(C)

complicated

(D)

mysterious

难度:中 分值:40. Chichester _____ all kinds of hardships in his solo sailing round the world.

(A)

suffered

(B)

experienced

(C)

overcame

(D)

lasted

难度:中 分值:

(二) 完型填空

1. I’ve really got to do something to lose weight, because I’getting much too fat.

you’re

on a diet you have temptation to you feel

hungry. This may be very hard to do and you certainly need a lot of strength to succeed. So I’m going to a health farm for a month where I won’t be able to eat

plenty of do me any harm either. Both the diet and the

I’m terribly easily

influenced by other people. Whenever I see someone having a drink in a TV program,

you won’t recogn ize me! (1)

(A)although (B)after (C)before (D)until

(2)

(A)disease (B)break (C)attack (D)damage

(3) (A)bear (B)resist (C)endure (D)retreat

(4) (A) as (B)even (C)if (D)despite

(5) (A)insist (B)hold (C)stick (D)keep

(6) (A)advise (B)force (C)make (D)instruct

(7) (A)this (B)that (C)what (D)which

(8) (A)make (B)help (C)assure (D)cause

(9) (A)desire (B)like (C)want (D)hope

(10) (A)also (B)too (C)so (D)much

难度:中分值:

2. Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal

places of work and residence(居住)

people to join in. Improvements in transportation, and the growth of inclusive (全包的)tours and other forms of relatively cheap vacation travel, have further

in the developed world and increasing numbers in the developing countries are

right of a few but is an accepted part of the life-styles

of a large and growing number of people. Tourism economic and

social significance. More than 270 million tourists spend $92 billion (US )annually in places outside their own countries. This is one of the largest items in the

world%27s foreign trade. With a world growth in visitor arrival rate 6 per cent per year, tourism is also one of the fastest growing economic activities. It is the most important export industry and earner of foreign exchange in many countries

(1)

(A)undertaken

(B)to

undertake (C)undertaking

(D)undertook

(2)

(A)demand

(B)request

(C)meet

(D)consider

(3)

(A)is (B) was (C)will be (D)were

(4)

(A) they (B)those (C)who (D) these

(5)

(A) Moreover (B)Therefore (C)And (D) However

(6)

(A)extended (B)intended (C)tended (D)pretended

(7)

(A) in (B)on (C)over (D)at

(8)

(A)even (B)still (C)so (D)yet

(9)

(A)for (B) of (C)to (D)after

(10)

(A)considerably

(B)relatively

(C)significantly (D)approximately

难度:中 分值:

3.

Faces, like fingerprints are unique. Did how it is possible

for a skilled writer probably could not describe

child

observing how they behave .When we talk about someone%27s personality, we mean the

which he or she acts, speaks, thinks or feels

individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very

(1) (A)sometimes (B)ever (C)always (D)anytime

(2) (A)spot (B)locate (C) know (D)recognize

(3) (A)features (B)symptoms

(D)functions

(C)distinctions

(4) (A)or even (B)and also (C)and then (D)and too

(5) (A)have (B)take (C)use (D)regard

(6) (A)about (B)apart (C) from (D)with

(7) (A)attitudes (B)means (C) ways (D)patterns

(8) (A)has made (B)are making (C)is made (D)make

(9) (A)for (B) to (C) in (D)beyond

(10) (A)describe (B)describing (C)to describe

(D)description of

难度:中 分值:

(三) 阅读理解

1. The word horsepower was first used two hundred years ago. James Watt had made the

world’s first widely used steam engine. He had no way of telling people exactly how powerful it was, for at that time there were no units for measuring power.Watt decided to find out how much work one strong horse could do in one minute. He called that unit one horsepower. With this unit he could measure the work his steam engine could do.He discovered that a horse could lift a 3300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one minute. His engine could lift a 3300-pound weight 100 feet in one minute.Because his engine did ten times as much work as the horse, Watt called it a ten horsepower engine.

The selection says that Watt made the first

(A)

engine

(B)

steam engine

(C)

widely used

steam engine

(D)

useful engine

watt wanted to find a way to

(A)

measure the work

his engine could do

(B) tell people how powerful his engine

was

(C) lift a 3300-pound weight

(D) both A and

B

He made up a unit of measurement based on the strength of

(A)

a man

(B)

ten horses

(C)

his engine

(D)

a horse

One horsepower would equal the

(A) work a horse could do

(B) weight a horse could

(C) work a horse could do in ten

(D) weight of one horse

in a minute

lift minutes

The best title for this selection is

(A)

Watt’s

Engine

(B) The Origin of the Term Horsepower

(C)

Units of

Measurement

(D)

It

Happened 200 Years Ago

难度:中 分值:

2. Many people are frightened by spiders. They are especially afraid of large, hairy

ones. The largest and most frightening of all spiders is the bird-eating spider, which lives in the hot, thick rain forests of northern south America.Bird-eating spiders are a type of tarantula. They are very hairy. Some of these giant spiders can spread eighteen centimeters with their legs. Tarantulas are not, as most people think, poisonous spiders. They can bite, and the bite is painful, but it will not kill a grown-up. The poisonous bite of a black widow spider is far more dangerous.Bird-eating spiders often hide in holes and rocks during the day, but at night they creep out and hunt for insects. As you might guess from their name, they also catch birds and eat them.They have anther unusual ability. They can walk up windowpanes because of sticky, silky hairs on their feet that cling to glass.

The bird-eating spider can be described as

(A) a very hairy spider

(B) a very

frightening spider

(C)

the largest of spiders

(D) All of the above

This spider lives where the climate is

(A)

wet and

hot

(B)

cool and dry

(C)

hot and dry

(D)

cool and wet

The article says that the bird-eating spider is a kind of

large crab

tarantula

black widow

all of the above

(A) (B) (C) spider (D)

Compared with the bite of a black widow spider, the bite of a tarantula is

(A)

more dangerous

(B)

less dangerous

(C)

just as dangerous

(D) none of the above

bird-eating spiders hunt

(A)

during the

day

(B)

at night

(C)

at dawn

(D)

both A and B

难度:中 分值:

3. Warm water freezes more quickly than cold. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four

hundred years ago. But few people believed him – till 1970. In that year Canadian scientist George Kell proved the English scholar was right. Dr. Kell filled an open pail with cold water. He exposed both to the same low temperature. The warm water froze first.The lack (缺少) of covers on the pails was the secret. Some of the warm water changed to vapor. (水蒸气) It evaporated (蒸发) into the air. This meant that less of the warm water was left to freeze. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water – even though it had a greater temperature drop to make.

Sir Francis Bacon was

(A)

an American

experimenter

(B) a

Canadian scientist

(C) an English scholar

(D) an

Australian

writer

Dr. Kell’s pails were both

(A) filled with water

(B)

left

uncovered

(C) exposed to the same

temperature

(D) all of the

above

The second paragraph tells why

Dr. Kell was

the warm

Dr. Kell

water freezes in

(A) studying

water

(B) water

froze first

(C) used

pails in his work

(D) underground

pipes

No water vapor would have escaped into the air if the pails had been

(A) warmed (B) covered (C)

shaken (D) filled

The cold water froze more slowly because

(A) salt was added to it

(B) its pail was smaller

(C) there was more of it left

(D) the air near it

was moving

难度:中 分值:

4. A flag is more than a piece of cloth. It stands for a nation’s people – their

land, history, and ideals. Iceland’s flag, for instance, stands for features of the land. Red is for the fire of Iceland’s volcanoes. (火山)White is for ice. Blue is for the mountains. On India’s flag, the blue wheel stands for peace and progress. The white stripe (条纹) behind it is for truth. The black stripe on the flag of Malawi stands for the Negro people of that African land. The red stripe represents (代表) the blood they shed to free themselves from foreign rule.When the people of any nation see their flag flying, they feel proud. They love and honor the flag as the symbol (象征) of their country.

The flag of Iceland is

(A)

red and

white

(B)

blue and

green

(C) black, white, and red

(D) red, white, and

blue

The white stripe on India’s flag stands for

(A)

ice and mountains

(B)

peace and progress

(C)

waterfalls

(D)

truth

India’s flag stands mostly for the

(A) feature of the land

(B) riches of the soil

(C) ideals of the people

(D) history of the country

The red on Malawi’s flag reminds the people of

(A)

the many volcanoes in their land

(B) the beauty of their countryside

(C)

their

fight for freedom

(D)

their need to make progress

The most important thing about a flag is

(A)

what it stands for

(B)

when it is used

(C)

what it is

made of

(D)

how big it is

难度:中 分值:

5. Some people have it easy. When their kids ask them what they do at work, they can

give a simple, direct answer :” I put out fires” or “I fix sick people” or “ I teach primary school”. As a theoretical physicist, I never had this luck. Society has come to expect many things from the physicists. It used to be we only had to discover the basic laws of the world and supply the techniques that would power the next Silicon Valley. With these expectations we were fairly comfortable; they are the sorts of things we think we know how to do. What makes us uncomfortable —and what makes it hard for us to tell our kids what we’re up to ----is that in this century we have become, though unwillingly, gurus on questions such as “What is the nature of Reality ?”We now deal with a whole new class of problems. We ask how the world began and what is the nature of matter. The answers we are coming up with are just not easy to comprehend for the average person.So, when physicists get out of their cars in the morning, have a cup of coffee and sit down in front of their computers, they leave a familiar world and enter a place where things act in strange ways that are impossible for ordinary people to understand. According to the passage, in a way physicists are

武汉理工大学复试英语常见口语问题

2012考研初试成绩已经公布,接下来就是复试,其中的英语口语可以说是让很多英语不是很好的学生发怵, 针对这种情况,武理同起点考研在校研究生团队结合往年的辅导经验,总结了一下考研英语口语复试中常见的 问题及应对策略,希望能给正在准备复试的同学有所帮助。 首先必有的一个环节就是自我介绍,考生可以提前背一些自认为最容易把握的模板,并把自己的特色加在 8 里面,这将会为你在老师心中的印象加分不少。其实,把一种模板掌握得很熟练,足矣。 在自我介绍完了,老师就会开始问你问题这里列出一些常见的问题,可以认真准备。注意在准备的过程中, 要结合自己的经历和见解来准备答案,让自己回答的问题和整个的自我介绍融为一个整体。 在每一年的面试中都会有很多相同的问题,这些问题看起来很平常,却有很多陷阱。回答这些常见的看起 来很平常的问题,是很有艺术的。 传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Questions) 1、"What can you tell me about yourself?" ("关于你自己,你能告诉我些什么?") This is not an invitation to give your life history. The interviewer is looking for clues about your character, qualifications, ambitions, and motivations. 这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历 史。是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。来判断你是否适合读MBA。 The following is a good example of a positive response. "In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I'm very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best." 下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子:"在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动,并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。 大学期间,我曾在一家服装店打工,我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。销售固然重要,但对我来说,更 重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。我很有竞争意识,力求完 美对我很重要。" 2、"What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?"("在毕业以后5年内你想做些

武汉理工大学 大学英语2 作业二

武汉理工大学大学英语(2)-作业二 一、单项选择题(每题有且只有1个正确答案) 1、You didn’t understand what I said , for you to me just now. A. wouldn’t listen B. weren’t listening C. hadn’t listen D. haven’t listened 2、— Have you known each other for long? — Not very long , we started to work in the company. A. after B. before C.

when D. since 3、Come on , I want to tell you a secret now.But you must it from other people. A. remain B. keep C. leave D. prevent 4、It has been ten years since the Labour Party came into ______ in that country. A. control B. force

C. power D. charge 5、 China is a wonderful place and there is ______ to see and enjoy. A. a lot of B. many C. much D. many more 6、How strange it is the children are so quiet! A. whether

《土木工程专业英语》段兵延第二版全书文章翻译精编版

第一课 土木工程学土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广,土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候,土木工程师要对场地进行测绘,定位有用的布置,如地下水水位,下水道,和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响,包括对空气和地下水的可能污染,对当地动植物生活的影响,以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时,结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划,设计和说明。从项目开始到结束,对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息,施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费,所有工作的进度表,订购工作所需要的材料和设备,雇佣承包商和分包商,还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目,土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件(即计算机辅助设计,或者CAD)并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品,因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域,土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构,包括桥梁,大坝,发电厂,设备支撑,海面上的特殊结构,美国太空计划,发射塔,庞大的天文和无线电望远镜,以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力:自重,风荷载和飓风荷载,建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩,以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋,混凝土,塑料,石头,沥青,砖,铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害,提供城市用水和灌溉用水,管理控制河流和水流物,维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外,他们设计和维护海港,运河与水闸,建造大型水利大坝与小型坝,以及各种类型的围堰,帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降,并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中,土木工程师设计,建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水,同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计,建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。他们建造供水和废水处理厂,设计空气净化器和其他设备以最小化甚至消除由工业加工、焚化及其他产烟生产活动引起的空气污染。他们也采用建造特殊倾倒地点或使用有毒有害物中和剂的措施来控制有毒有害废弃物。此外,工程师还对垃圾掩埋进行设计和管理以预防其对周围环境造成污染。

2015-2016下学期 武汉理工大学研究生口语试题2

1, Do you know any secrets of longevity? What is your desirable life expectancy? Do you think people are happier as the life expectancy soars? 2, When you were a child, did you dream of going to Disneyland? What activities would you be interested in? How a Disneyland attract children? Talk about the advantages or disadvantages of a new Disneyland located in Shanghai. 3, The dictionary is usually considered only as a tool for consultation and not for vocabulary learning. However, some learners choose to memorizes and regard this as an effective strategy. What do you think of this way of learning? What role does the dictionary play in your language learning? 4, What so you think of face transplant, possible or absurd? If you can choose, which do you prefer in a face transplant: the donor or the recipient? Whose face would you like to have if it is possible? 5, People are suffering psychological damage because of society’s obsession with “permayouth”, which refers to the appearance of youthfulness maintained over time by men and women into cosmetic surgery clinics to maintain their looks. Do you think cosmetic surgery should be encouraged to maintain youthfulness? Give reasons to support your ideas. 6, What are the main difference of natural disasters and man-made disasters? What lessons have we learned from it? What can we do to help people in a disaster-stricken area? Give examples to illustrate. 7, Fashions come and go. Use specific examples to illustrate this idea. Are you a fashion victim of a slave to fashion? How do you think “Fashion is the art full of vigour and never out of date”? Do you think fashion is eternal or instantly changing? What is the point of following fashion? 8, April 23 is regard as the World’s Reading Day. Do you like reading? There is an old Chinese saying that travelling a thousand miles outdoes reading a thousand books. Do you agree? It seems that modern people are indulged in various types of electronic fun and no longer able to engage in reading. What is your opinion. 9, To protect our planet and improve our quality of life, low-carbon life has become increasingly important. What do you know about low-carbon life? How can we live a low-carbon life? 10, What are the important factors for staying healthy? Who do you think is responsible for the care of your healthy—you by yourself, your parents, or your doctor and medical people? What do you usually do to keep healthy?

土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译

第一课土木工程学 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广,土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候,土木工程师要对场地进行测绘,定位有用的布置,如地下水水位,下水道,和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响,包括对空气和地下水的可能污染,对当地动植物生活的影响,以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时,结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划,设计和说明。从项目开始到结束,对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息,施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费,所有工作的进度表,订购工作所需要的材料和设备,雇佣承包商和分包商,还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目,土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件(即计算机辅助设计,或者CAD)并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品,因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域,土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构,包括桥梁,大坝,发电厂,设备支撑,海面上的特殊结构,美国太空计划,发射塔,庞大的天文和无线电望远镜,以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力:自重,风荷载和飓风荷载,建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩,以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋,混凝土,塑料,石头,沥青,砖,铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害,提供城市用水和灌溉用水,管理控制河流和水流物,维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外,他们设计和维护海港,运河与水闸,建造大型水利大坝与小型坝,以及各种类型的围堰,帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降,并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中,土木工程师设计,建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水,同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计,建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

武汉理工大学 基础英语 2002

武汉理工大学2002年研究生入学考试题 课程代号619 课程名称基础英语 Section One: Reading Comprehension (30) Direction: In this section there are four reading passages followed by 25 multiple-choice questions. Read them and write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Education was of primary importance to the English colonists and was conducted at home as well as in established schools. Regardless of geographic location or finances, most Americans learned to read and compute numbers. For many, the Bible and other religious tracts were their only books; however, the excellent language contai ned in such works usually made them good primers. Many families owned one or more of Shakespeare’s works, a copy of John Bunyan’s classic A Pilgrim’s Progress, and sometimes collections of Engli sh literary essays, poems, or hi storical speeches. In 1647 the Massachusetts School Law required every town at least 50 households to maintain a grammar school. The law was the first to mandate public education in America. In the middle colonies at the time, schools were often dependent on religious societies, such as the Quakers and other private organizations. In the South, families employed private tutors or relied on the clergy to conduct education. At the outset, most elementary schools were for boys, but school s for girls were established in the eighteenth century in most cities and large towns. In spite of the informal atmosphere of most American schools, the literacy rate in the colonies of mid-eighteenth century America was equal to or higher than in most European countries. Before the American Revolution, nine colleges had been founded, including Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, the College of New Jersey (now Princeton), Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth, and Kings College (later Columbia University). By 1720 the natural sciences and modern languages were being taught, as well as courses in practical subjects such as mechanics and agriculture. At the end of the 18th century, medical schools were established at the College of Philadelphia and at King’s College. 1. Which of the following words best describes the English colonists’ attitude toward education? (A) Indifference (B) Distrustful (C) Enthusiastic (D) Casual 2. According to the passage, most Americans learned how to _____. (A) write (B) read (C) farm (D) speak a foreign language 3. According to the passage, all of the following sometimes substituted for school books EXCEPT ______. (A) historical speeches (B) works of Shakespeare (C) literary essays (D) biographies 4. According to the passage, the Massachusetts School Law applied to every town with how many households? (A)Less than 50 (B)Exactly 50 (C)Fifty or more (D)Fifteen 5. According to the passage, the middle colonies often depended upon which group to provide education? (A)Private organizations (C)Established primary schools (B)Colleges (D)Businesses 6. According to the passage, who often conducted education in the South? (A)Public school teachers (B)Doctors (C)Clergy (D)Politicians 7. How well educated were Americans in comparison to most European countries? (A) Much worse (B)The same or better (C)Far better (D)Less or equal 8. According to the passage, all the following subjects are mentioned as being taught in colleges in the 1700s EXPECT

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架, ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

武汉理工大学研究生 英语口语考试 unit3 music

Music Do you think music makes you smarter and healthier? I think music can make us smarter and healthier. Studies show that music has a strong effect on our mood levels and emotions, and also on how we think and our general intelligence.Music can make people calmer and more relaxed. The music we listen to can have a profound effect on our test scores and our ability to quickly process information.And it can help students to integrate both sides of the brain for more efficient learning and reduce errors.If we’ve ever played an instrument, studies show that we’re already ahead of the curve. Playing an instrument is a great way to test out our creative thinking and push our brain to process information in a new way. I think music can make us smarter and healthier. Music plays a significant role in our life, it can make you relaxed, give you inspiration, and make your life colorful. Studies show that music has a strong effect on our mood level and emotions, and also on how we think and our general intelligence. The music we listen to can have a profound effect on our test scores and our ability to quickly process information. Music can help me concentrate. When I am feeling anxious or stressed , a piece of good music can bring me a pleasant feeling and good mood, I will be better to equipped to concentrate and focus my attention on a fairly lengthy task. Music can be a great pick-me-up for when you are stressed. Tuning in to one of your favourite songs can be incredibly soothing and help to reduce anxiety. Music can help increase endurance , listening to certain music could actually help you run faster. The best choices for exercise are up-beat songs that match the tempo of your running stride and which can have a metronomic effect on the body, enabling you to run for longer. Music can actually have a significant positive impact on patients with long-term illnesses, such as heart disease, cancer and respiratory conditions.Numerous trials have shown that music can help lower heart rate, blood pressure and help relieve pain, anxiety and improve patient quality of life. If you’ve ever played an instrument, studies show that you’re already ahead of the curve. Playing an instrument is a great way to test out your creative thinking and push your brain to process information in a new way. Some other activities that make people smarter and healthier. I think regular exercise can make people healthier, smarter and happier. Working out regularly may make us stronger and reduce the risk of illness. It can also lessen the possibility that you’ll lose brain function as you age. And exercise can help us to deal with stress in our studies, relationships or any area of life, because exercise is a form of stress itself and helps condition our body to deal with it. Even a little exercise can also make us calmer and more relaxed. And our brain is able work faster and more efficiently after exercise.

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