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机械工程专业英语

机械工程专业英语
机械工程专业英语

Lesson1

1、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics

2

作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离,力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。

3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude.

velocity,

和矢量。标量

另一方面,

figure1(如图)。

2 、If this workpiece is held between the centers of the lathe, the centers exert a compressive force against the work.

如果这个工件在放在车床中心之间,中心车床对工作产生压力。

3、Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan

实际上,几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最常见的形状是圆形,其截面可以是实心的,也可以是空心的(空心轴可以减轻重量)。有时也采用矩形轴,例如,螺丝起子的头部.套筒扳手和控制旋钮的杆。

2、A shaft must have adequate torisonal strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed it must also be torsional stiff enough so that one mounted

from its

to a second

轴应该有适当

and pulleys are

The design of

in the shaft

example, stress

to keyways, and the material removed to from the keyway further weakens the shaft.

齿轮和皮带轮等零件通过键连接在轴上。在键及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中,必须进行认

真的计算。例如,轴上的键槽会引起应力集中,由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减小,会进一步减弱轴的强度。

4、Another important aspect of shaft design is the 1

rings,and other devices . These latter members are among the "associated parts" consedered in this text,as ate couplings and universal joints , which serve to connect the shaft to the source of power or load.2、It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial,bending,and torsional loads,and that these loads may be static or fluctuating.

3、Torsional defection can affect the accuracy of a

.Furthermore,the

or torsional-the

torque being

components , but

The principal purposes of fasteners are to provide the following design features;

紧固件是将一个零件与另一个零件进行连接的零件。因此,几乎在所有的设计中都要用到紧固

件。人们对于任何产品的满意程度不仅取决于其组成部件,还取决于其连接方式。

2、The importance of fasteners can be realized when referring ro any complex product,In the case of the

也可能造成像车轮脱落这种严重的后果。因此,在为一个特定的用途选择紧固件时,应该考虑到上述各种可能性。

Lesson81、Threaded fasterners perform the function of locating ,clamgping ,adjusting ,and transmiting force from one machine member to another .They are thoroughly standardized and generally designed for use in mass production of machines.

threads so that

key to all thread

thus faster

in selecting the

production

the correct

on the basis of

satisfactory performance. 对于中等载荷和转速,根据额定负荷选择一个标准轴承,通常都可以保证其具有令人满意的工作性能。

5、The deflection of less magnitude than that of the

shafts or other components associated with the bearing .当载荷较大时,轴承零件的变形,尽管它通常小于轴和其它与轴承一起工作的零部件的变形,将会变得重要起来。

1

2

滚动轴承由于在工作中会产生高的应力,其主要失效形式是金属疲劳,这一点并不奇怪,目前正在进行大量的工作以求改进这种轴承的可靠性。3、The fit of the bearing races onto the shaft or onto the housing is of critical importance because of their combined effect on the internal clearance of the bearing as well as preserving the desired degree of interference fit.

located axially by

at this point is

or chamfer to

供容纳轴肩处圆弧半径的空间。

5、Where life is not the determing factor in design ,it is usual to determine maximum loading by the amount to which a bearing will deflect under load .

在使用寿命不是设计中的决定因素的场合,通常根据轴承受载荷时产生的变形量来确定其最大载荷。

Lesson13

起来,以确保其安全。

2、Ideally, in designing any machine element, the engineer should have at his disposal the results of a great many strength tests of the particular material chosen. These tests should have been made on specimens having the same heat treatment, surface roughness, and size as the element he proposes to design, and the tests should be made under exactly the same loading conditions as the part will experience in

工程师可以

employ a

the size of the

easy property to measure, because the test is nondestructive and test specimens are not required. Usually the test can be conducted directly on an actual machine element.

大多数硬度试验系统是将一个标准的载荷加在与被试验材料相接触的小球或者棱锥上。因此,硬度可以表示为所产生的压痕尺寸函数。这表明由于硬度是非破坏性试验,而且不需要专门的试件,因而硬度是一个容易测量的性能。通常可以直接在实际的机械零件上进行硬度试验。Lesson17

1、The first step in the manufacture of any product is design, which usually takes place in several distinct stages: (a) conceptual; (b) functional; (c) production design. During the conceptual design stage, the designer is concerned primarily with the functions the product is to fulfill.

制造任何产品的第一步工作都是设计。设计通常可以分为几个明确的阶段;(a)概念设计;b 功能设计c 生产设计。在概念设计阶段,设计者着重考虑产品应该具有的功能。

2、Often a prototype or working model is made that can be tested to permit evaluation of the product as to function, reliability, appearance, serviceability, and so on.

通常要制造出样机或着实物模型,并对其进行实验,评价产品的功能、可靠性、外观和维修保养性等

3、As manufacturing progresses, it is inevitable that situations will arise that may require modifications of the materials being used. Experience may reveal that substitution of cheaper materials can be made.

在制造过程中,不可避免地会出现对使用中的材料做一些更改的情况。经验表明,可以采用某些便宜材料作为代替。

24/27课

Working drawings are the drawings from which a design is implemented. All principles of orthographic projection and techniques of graphics can be used to communicate the details of a project in working drawings. A detail drawing is a working drawing of a single part (or detail) within the set

of working drawings.

工作图是将设计变为实际产品所依据的图样。所有的正投影原理和绘图技术都可以用来在工作图中表达一个项目中的细节。零件图是在一整套工

的修改和更正都应该在修改栏中标

明。

The allocation of proper production tolerances is therefore a most important task if the finished product is to achieve its intended purpose and yet be economical to produce. The size of the tolerances, as specified by the designer, depends on the many conditions pertaining to the design as well as on past

material condition

当所有的尺寸都处在允许零件含有的材料量为最小的极限状态时,就称这个零件处于最小实体状态(LMC)。

If the variations due to chance causes are too great, it

is usually necessary to move the operation to more accurate equipment rather than spend more effort in trying to improve the process.

如果随机原因对尺寸变化的影响过大,一般来说1

以保证他们具有互换性的技术称为公差技术。允许每个尺寸在规定范围内具有一定的变动量,称为公差。例如,一个零件的尺寸可以被表示成20+-0.50,其公差(尺寸变动量)为1.00mm。

单词basic hole system 基孔制basic shaft system 基轴制

Leesson33

1Engineering and technology students must became

applications of

Not to do so will

in pursuing

efficiency and

工程师们通常认为计算机不会改变设计过程的性质。

3、Computer of applications in engineering and other technical fields. Most graphical solutions that are

possible with a pencil can be done on a computer and usually more productively. Applications vary from 3D modeling and finite element analysis to 2D drawings and mathematical caiculation.

4

has an aimost limitless number

Lesson36

1、 engin lathes ,of course ,are general-purpose machines used in production and maintenance shops all over the world.

普通车床是全世界的生产车间和维修车间里广泛使用的通用机床。

2、 The tracer or duplicating lathe is designed to

of power

all turret lathes,

Once the

是刀具能按适当顺序完成一系列的加工工序。一旦这些刀具被安装调整好后只只需要很低的技术就可以车削加工很多相同的零件。

4、 The first screw machine were designed to feed

bar stock and wire used in making small screw parts.单轴自动螺丝车床,顾名思义,一次仅能加工一根棒料。

With the single spndle machine, the turret indexes 6

7

are called machining centers since they are

capable of performing, in addition to the

normal turning operations, certain milling

and drilling operations.

当前许多技术更为先进的车床叫做加工中心。因为他们除了完成常规的车削工作之外,还可以完成某些铣削钻削工作

单词:turret 砖塔,六角刀架,六角头

English

is the systematic

工艺设计就是系

established standards , machinability data ,machine specifications ,tooling inventories, stock availability ,and existing process plans.

工艺人员应该管理和检索大量的数据和很多文

件。其中包括已建立的标准,可加工性数据,机器的规格,工艺装备的清单,原材料库存量和一些目前正在应用的工艺文件。

3.This is primarily an information-handing job ,and

5.In the variant approach ,a set of standard process plans is established for all parts families that have been identified through group technology.

在派生法中,对采用成组技术确定的一个零件族中的所有零件,编制一套标准的加工工艺规程。

6.Again ,GT helps to place the new part in an appropriate family .The standard plan is then edited to suit the specific requirements of a particular job.

is made to

using appropriate

technological

the course of

Lesson66

1、One of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC).Prior to the advent of NC, all machine

tools were manually operated and controlled .

先进制造技术中的一个最基本的概念是数字控制(NC)。在数控技术出现之前,所有的机床

高、生产零件的一致性更好、生产速度更快,而且长期的工艺装备成本更低。

4 、The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions.

在形成直接数字控制(DNC)这个概念之后,可

logic

allowed for the

的发展打下了

Lesson71

1、A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material,parts tool,or specialized devicds through variable programmed

motions for the performance of a variety of tasks

翻译:机器人是一个可以改编程序的多功能操作器,被设计用来按照预先编制的、能够完成多种作业运动的程序来运送材料、零件、工具或者专

2

3

翻译:“多功能”这个词意味着机器人能够通过编程和使用不同的末端执行机构,完成不同的制造工作。4、One of the principal advatages of robots is that they can be used in settings that are dangerous to humans.

翻译:机器人的一个主要优点实它们可以在对于

not dangerous to

in situations

should have the

翻译:即使有了这些防御措施,在使用机器人的场地中设置一个自动停止工作的系统仍然不失为一个好主意。机器人的这个系统应该具有测出是否有需要自动停止工作的要求的能力。

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机械工程专业英语讲课教案

机械工程专业英语

Lesson1 1、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time. 对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。静力学对静止系统进行分析,即在其中不考虑时间这个引述,动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析。 2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action. 作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离,力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。 3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum. 力学涉及两种类型的量,标量和矢量。标量是那些只有大小的量。在力学中标量的例子有时间、体积、密度、速率、、能量和质量。另一方面,矢量既有大小又有大小又有方向。矢量的例子有位移、速度、加速度、力、力矩、动量。Lesson2(此课后面没翻译,翻译的不太准确谅解) 1 、The turning of a part in a lathe is another example of several forces in action.(as shown in figure1) 车床车削是一些力在起作用的另一个例子。figure1(如图)。 2 、If this workpiece is held between the centers of the lathe, the centers exert a compressive force against the work. 如果这个工件在放在车床中心之间,中心车床对工作产生压力。 3、 Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan belt. 扶轮运动需要去钻孔,在车床上转换两件,表面,或驱动发电机或风扇皮带 4 、Harmonic and Intermittent Motion(谐和运动和间歇运动): Any simple vibration, such as the regular back, and forth movement of the end of a pendulum, is simple harmonic motion. Lesson4 1 、Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow. 仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2

研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词

研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词 Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 2020

单词 Lesson 1 Gear 齿轮, 传动装置 Bearing 轴承 Cams 凸轮 Cams and followers 凸轮和从动件 Couple 力偶 mechanics 力学 statics 静力学,静止状态 dynamics动力学,原动力,动力特性constraint forces 约束力 applied forces 作用力 Electric , magnetic, and gravitational forces 电,磁,重力 mating surface 啮合表面,配合表面,接触面meshing 啮合,咬合,钩住 meshing teeth 啮合齿 journal bearing 滑动轴承,向心滑动轴承metal-to-metal contact 金属 - 金属接触Overheating 过热 failure 失效 flaking 薄片,表面剥落,压碎 Spall 削,割,剥落,脱皮 noise 噪音 rough motion运动不精确 inertia惯性 particle 质点 rigid body刚体 deformable可变形的,应变的 deformable Body 变形体 Scalar 数量的,标量的 Vectors矢量 Density密度 Mass质量 Displacement位移 Velocity速度 Acceleration加速度 Moment力矩,弯矩 Momentum动量,冲量 Lesson 2 Compressive压缩的,有压力的 Turning 车削 Rectilinear直线的 micrometer 千分尺又称螺旋测微器 Power hacksaws 弓锯床 Shaper牛头刨床 Thread 螺纹 Work:功 muscular action肌肉动作 mechanical motion机械运动 stretch an object拉伸对象 tensile force:拉力 in tension:受拉 compressive force:压力 torsional force:扭力 torque:扭矩 shearing force :剪切力 twist an object扭曲对象 Slide滑,脱落 Slip滑动,滑移 in compression受压 turning of a part对一个零件进行车削加工wedging action:楔入作用 chip :切屑 centers of the lathe车床的顶尖 lathe dog车床夹头 centrifugal force :离心力 grinding wheel :磨削砂轮 bonding agent :粘合剂 abrasive particle:磨料颗粒 centrifuge-type machines离心式机械Centrifuge离心机,离心作用 Centrifugal force principles离心力原理centripetal force :向心力 rotary motion:回转运动 rectilinear motion:直线运动 hand tool手工工具 power tool动力工具 feed:进给 shaping:采用牛头刨床(shaper)进行刨削加工power saw:弓锯床,弓式锯床 the screw of a micrometer 意为“千分尺中的螺杆”harmonic and intermittent motion :谐和运动和间歇运动 simple harmonic motion :简谐运动

(完整版)机械工程专业英语词汇

陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams

机械工程专业英语教程第三版lesson25

机械五班王乘龙 Lesson 25 Computer Graphics(Reading Material) The term computer graphics refers to the entire spectrum of drawing with the aid of a computer,from straight lines to color animation.An immense range of artistic capabilities resides under the heading of computer graphics and drafting is just one of them. Computer graphics was originally associated with the field of electronics.Companies directly involved in electronics design and manufacturing were the first to experiment and work with computer graphics.As they tested equipment and software,new demands arose that required changes and advances in both hardware and software.Equipment and programs got better,faster,more powerful,less expensive,colorful,and fun to operate.The potential for this new computer development was endless.And as engineers and drafters learned to work with the new tools in a technically demanding atmosphere,artists were using the new tools in an atmosphere of unlimited structure.We see the structure and freedom brought by engineers and artists to computer graphics as we watch animated television network.Complex mathematical

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机械专业英语试题及答案精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】

学院院长(系 主任) (签字)

C. degradation…corrosion D. corrosion… degradation 12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete. A. are made from B. are made up of C. was produced by D. was consist of 13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation at speeds. A . low B .overload C. critical D. hollow 14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a . A. pattern B. model C. mold D. patent 15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole. A. high pair B. low pair C. surface pair D. rotary pair 二、完型填空(在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,本大题共15小题,每小题1分,总计15分) The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.

机械工程专业英语单词

Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in M e c h a n i c s机械学的基本概念mechanics n.力学 modify v.修改,调解,变更manageable a.可控制【管理】的incline v.(使)倾斜 ramp n.斜板,斜坡【道】slope v.(使)倾斜 friction n.摩擦 roll v.滚动 multiplier n.放大器,乘法器broom n.扫帚 convert v.转变【化】 handle n.手柄【把】 sweep v.扫荡【描】,掠过efficiency n.效率 gauge vt.测【计】量,校验bearing n.轴承 ideal mechanical advantage 理想的机械效益 neglect vt.忽略Lesson 2 Basic Assumption in Plasticity Theory 塑性理论的基本假设 assumption n.假定 plasticity n.塑性 investigate v.调查,研究deformation n.变形 metal forming process 金属成型工艺【过程】 strain (rate) n.应变【速率】strength n.强度 stress n.应力 yield stress 屈服应力 flow stress 流动应力 tensile stress 拉【伸】应力compressive stress 压【缩】应力shear stress 剪【切】应力geometry n.几何形状 elastic a.弹性的 springback n.回弹 bending n.弯曲,折弯

《机械工程专业英语》测试题(18-22)含答案

《机械工程专业英语》测验题(18-22) 将下列词组译成汉语 the base circle(基圆) the pitch curve(啮合曲线) the contact force(接触力) the intermittent motion(间歇运动)the common normal(公法线) the conjugate profiles(共轭齿廓) the cycloidal profiles (摆线齿形) the involute profiles(渐开线齿形)the spur gear(直齿轮) the herringbone gears(双螺旋齿轮)the face gear(端面齿轮) the radial distance(径向距离) the addendum circle(齿顶圆) The tooth thickness(齿厚) the tooth space(齿间隙) the cap screws(螺钉) the setscrews(固定螺丝钉) the engineering graphics(工程力学)mechanical design(机械设计) the installation techniques(安装技术)the bolted joint(螺栓连接) the hardened washers(强化垫圈)the fatigue resistance(抗疲劳强度)the modulus of elasticity(弹性模量)the antifriction bearing(减摩轴承)the rolling bearing(滚动轴承) the rolling contact (滚动接触) the sliding contact(滑动触电) the corrosion resistance(抗腐蚀性)the machining tolerances(加工公差)the fatigue loading(疲劳载荷) the radial loads(径向负荷) the thrust loads逆负荷 the ball bearing球轴承 the roller bearing滚子轴承 the single-row bearings单沟轴承 the double-row bearing双沟轴承 the needle bearing滚针轴承 the bearing life轴承寿命 The rating life额定寿命

最新机械工程专业英语第二版必考翻译(完整版)

1.With low-power machinery or vehicles the operator can usually apply sufficient force through a simple mechanical linkage from the pedle or handle to the stationary part of the brake. In many cases, however, this force must be multiplied by using an elaborate braking system.(P5)用低能机器或传力工具,操作者通过向踏板或把手的一个简单机械连接构件作用足够的力量到车闸固定的部分。大多数情况,然而,用一个详细(复杂)的车闸系统使这个力量成倍增加。 2. The fundamental principle involved is the use of compressed air acting through a piston in a cylinder to set block brakes on the wheels. The action is simultaneous on the wheels of all the cars in the train. The compressed air is carried through a strong hose from car to car with couplings between cars; its release to all the separate block brake units, at the same time, is controlled by the engineer. (Braking Systems)(P5) 相关的基本原理是使用压缩气体,通过气缸内的活塞将闸块压在车轮起作用。列车的所有车厢上的车轮同时动作。压缩气体通过一个坚固的管道在由联轴器连接的车厢之间传输;工程师控制其在同一时间释放到所有独立的闸块单元。 3.When the brake pedal of an automobile is depressed, a force is applied to a piston in a master cylinder. The piston forces hydraulic fluid through metal tubing into a cylinder in each wheel where the fluid’s pressure moves two pistons that press the brake shoes against the drum. (Braking Systems)(P5) 当踩下汽车刹车的踏板,在主汽缸中的活塞上施加一个力。活塞驱动液压流体通过金属管道进入每个车轮气缸,在那里液压移动两个活塞将闸片压向轮圈。 4.Machinery ontology including mechanical rack, mechanical connections and mechanical transmission, which is the basis of mechanical-electrical integration, plays a role in supporting the other functional units of the system and transmitting motion and power. Compared to purely mechanical products, the performance and functionality of integration technology in electrical and mechanical systems have been improved a lot, which requires mechanical ontology to adapt its new status in mechanical structure, materials, processing technology, as well as the areas of geometry. Accordingly, the new ontology is with high efficient, multi-functional, reliable and energy-saving, small, light-weighted and aesthetically pleasing characteristics. (Mechatronics System) (P7) 机械体包括机架、机械联接和机械传动,它是机电一体化的基础,作用是支撑系统其他功能单元,传递运动和动力。和纯机械产品相比,一体化技术的性能和功能在机电系统中大幅提高,它要求机械本体适应在机械结构、材料、加工技术以及这些领域中的几何学下的新环境。相应的,新的一体化具有高效、多功能、可靠、节能、小轻和美学的令人赏心悦目的特征。 5. Detecting sensor detecting sensor part includes a variety of sensors and signal detection circuit, and its function is to detect the process of mechatronic systems in the work itself and the changes of relevant parameters in external environment and transmit the information to the electronic control unit. Electronic control unit check the information and sends the corresponding control issues to the actuator. (Mechatronics System) (P7) 检测传感器部分包括各类传感器、信号检测电路,它的功能是检测机电系统自身工作的工程,在外部环境下的相关参数的改变,将其信息传给电子控制单元。电子控制单元通过检查信息,送出相应的指令到执行机构。 6. Electronic control unit, also known as ECU, is the core of mechatronic systems, responsible for the external commands and the signals output by sensors. It centralizes stores, computes and analyzes the information. Based on the results of information processing,instruction are issued according to a certain extent and pace to control the destination for the entire system. (Mechatronics System) (P7) 电子控制单元,也被称为控制单元(ECU)控制,是机电系统的核心,负责外部命令和传

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机械英语词汇大全2 金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool 金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical

机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 强度 intensity 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮

机械工程专业英语教程(第2版)[施平主编][翻译]_lesson19

Gear Materials (Reading Material) 齿轮材料(阅读材料) Gears are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, both metallic as well as nonmetallic. 齿轮由多种种类的材料制造,包括金属材料和非金属材料。 As is the case with all materials used in design, the material chosen for a particular gear should be the cheapest available that will ensure satisfactory performance. 在设计中可以使用多种材料的情况下,对于特定齿轮,应当做到选用满足使用要求下的最便宜的材料。Before a choice is made, the designer must decide which of several criteria is most important to the problem at hand. 在作出选择前,设计师必须决定在众多设计准则中哪个是当前最重要的。 If high strength is the prime consideration, a steel should usually be chosen rather than cast iron. 如果高强度是第一要考虑的因素,通常就选择钢材而不选择铸铁。 If wear resistance is the most important consideration, a can be made, for problems involving noise reduction, nonmetallic. Materials perform better than metallic ones. 如果耐磨性是最重要的因素,可以选用非金属材料要比金属材料更好,同时也可以解决降低噪声的问题。However, as is true in most design problems, the final choice of a material is usually a compromise. 然而,在大部分实际设计问题中,对材料的最终决定往往是一个折衷的方案。 In other words, the material chosen will conform reasonably well to all the requirements mentioned previously, although it will not necessarily be the best in any one area. 换句话说,材料的选择要考虑到合理的达到所有的预定要求,尽管这样就不能在其中任何一方面达到最好。To conclude this discussion we will consider the characteristics of various metallic and nonmetallic gear materials according to their general classifications. 为了总结这次讨论,我们将按照通常的分类来考虑多种金属和非金属齿轮材料所具有的特性。 Cast Irons 铸铁 Cast iron is one of the most commonly used gear materials. 铸铁是最常用的齿轮材料之一。 Its low cost, ease of casting, good machinability, high wear resistance, and good noise abatement property make it a logical choice. 它具有低成本,铸造性好,机械加工性能好,高耐磨性,以及高减噪性的特点,这些特点使铸铁成为一个合适的选择对象。 The primary disadvantage of cast iron as a gear material is its low tensile strength, which makes the gear tooth weak in bending and necessitates rather large teeth. 铸铁主要的缺点是,作为一种齿轮材料,铸铁的抗拉强度很低,这使得轮齿的抗弯强度很弱而且不能造出很大的轮齿。 Another type of cast iron is nodular iron, which is made of cast iron to which a material such as magnesium or cerium has been added. 另一种类型的铸铁是球墨铸铁,是在普通铸铁中加入了镁或者铈制成的。 The result of this alloying is a material having a much higher tensile strength while retaining the good wear and machining characteristics of ordinary cast iron. 这种合金的特点是既具有高的抗拉强度,又保持了普通铸铁的高耐磨性和优秀的机械加工性能。 V ery often the combination of cast iron gear and a steel pinion will give a well balanced design with regard to cost,

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