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大学英语三第四单元课文及翻译

大学英语三第四单元课文及翻译
大学英语三第四单元课文及翻译

Was Einstein a Space Alien?

1 Albert Einstein was exhausted、For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn、When Albert finally dozed off 、、、it was time to get up and go to work、He couldn't skip a day、He needed the job to support his young family、

1、阿尔伯特、爱因斯坦精疲力竭。她幼小得儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停,弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时,已就是她起床上班得时候了。她不能一天不上班,她需要这份工作来养活组建不久得家庭。

2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert, Third Class," Albert worried about his mother、She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva、Relations were strained、Albert glanced at

a passing shop window、His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to

b it again、

2、阿尔伯特就是专利局三等技术专家。在快步去专利局上班得路上,她为母亲忧心忡忡。母亲年纪越来越大,身体虚弱。她不同意儿子与迈尔娃得婚事,婆媳关系紧张。阿尔伯特瞥了一下路过得商店得橱窗,瞧见自己头发凌乱,她又忘了梳头了。

3 Work、Family、Making ends meet、Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father、

3、工作,家庭,维持生计——阿尔伯特感受到了一位年轻丈夫与年轻父亲所要承担得全部压力与责任。

To relax, he revolutionized physics、

她想放松下,却使物理学发生了突破性进展

4 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of scienceall written in his "spare time、" He proved that atoms and molecules existed、Before 1905, scientists weren't sure about that、He argued that light came in little bits (later called "photons") and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics、He described his theory of special relativity: space and time were threads in a mon fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted、

4、1905年,在她被聘为物理学教授得前四年,26岁得爱因斯坦发表了科学史上最重要论文中得五篇——这些论文都就是她在“业余时间”完成得。她证明了原子与分子得存在。1905年之前,科学家们对此没有把握。爱因斯坦论证说光以微粒形态出现(后来被称为“光子”),这为量子力学奠定了基础。她把狭义相对论描写为:时空如同普通织物中得线,她提出,这些线可以弯曲、拉长与交织在一起。

5 Oh, and by the way, E=mc2、

5、对了,顺便提一下,E = mc2。

6 Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton、It happened in 1666 when Newton secluded himself at his mother's farm to avoid an outbreak of plague at Cambridge、With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory of Universal Gravitation、

6、在爱因斯坦之前,最近一位迸发出如此创造性思想得科学家当数艾萨克牛顿爵士。事情发生在1666,为了躲避在剑桥爆发得瘟疫,牛顿去母亲得农场隐居。由于没有什么更好得事可做,她便建立万有引力理论。

7 For centuries historians called 1666 Newton's “miracle year”、Now those words have a different meaning: Einstein and 1905、The United Nations has declared 2005 "The World Year of Physics" to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einstein's “miracle year、”

7、几个世纪以来,历史学家称为1666牛顿得“奇迹年”。现在这些话有不同得意义:爱因斯坦与1905。联合国已经宣布2005年“世界物理年“庆祝爱因斯坦“奇迹年”得100周年。

8 Modern pop culture paints Einstein as a bushyhaired superthinker、His ideas, we're told, were improbably far ahead of other scientists、He must have e from some other planetmaybe the same one Newton grew up on、

8、现代流行文化把爱因斯坦绘画成一位长着蓬乱头发得超级思想家。据说她得思想不可思议地远远超过其她科学家。她一定就是从其她星球来得——也许就是牛顿长大得同一个星球。

9 "Einstein was no space alien," laughs Harvard University physicist and science historian Peter Galison、"He was a man of his time、" All of his 1905 papers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success, by other scientists、"If Einstein hadn't been born, [those papers] would have been written in some form, eventually, by others," Galison believes、

9、“爱因斯坦决不就是外星人,”哈佛大学物理学家、科学史家彼得加里森笑着说。“她就是她那个时代得人。”她所有发表于1905年得论文解决了当时其她科学家正多多少少在解决得问题,“如果没有爱因斯坦,其她科学家最终也会以某种形式撰写出这些论文来得”加里森相信。

10 What's remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all five papers, plus the original, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions、

10、1905年不同寻常得就是,爱因斯坦一个人撰写得五篇论文,而且她得出结论得方法既富原创性又显得不合常规。

11 For example: the photoelectric effect、This was a puzzle in the early 1900s、When light hits a metal, like zinc, electrons fly off、This can happen only if light es in little packets concentrated enough to knock an electron loose、A spreadout wave wouldn't do the photoelectric trick、

11、例如:光电效应。这在20世纪初期得一道难题。当光照射到金属(如锌)上时,电子飞速飞离电子表面,这种现象只有当光得粒子集聚得程度足以把电子击撞松动得时候才会发生。漫延波不会产生光电效应。

12 The solution seems simplelight is particulate、Indeed, this is the solution Einstein proposed in 1905 and won the Nobel Prize for in 1921、Other physicists like Max Planck (working on a related problem: blackbody radiation), more senior and experienced than Einstein, were closing in on the answer, but Einstein got there first、Why?

12、答案似乎很简单——光就是粒子。事实上,这就是爱因斯坦1905年提出得解答,并因此于1921年获得诺贝尔奖。其她物理学家们,比如比爱因斯坦资历更深、经验更丰富得麦克斯普兰克(从事研究相关得问题:黑体辐射),其研究正接近该问题得答案,但爱因斯坦捷足先登。为什么?

It's a question of authority、

这就是对权威得瞧法问题

13 "In Einstein's day, if you tried to say that light was made of particles, you found yourself disagreeing with physicist James Clerk Maxwell、Nobody wanted to do that," says Galison、Maxwell's equations were enormously successful, unifying the physics of electricity, magnetism and optics、Maxwell had proved beyond any doubt that light was an electromagnetic wave、Maxwell was an Authority Figure、13、“在爱因斯坦得时代,如果您试图说光由粒子组成,您就会发现自己与物理学家杰姆斯、克拉克、马克斯威尔持不同观点。没有人想那么做,”加里森说道。马克斯威尔得方程式把物理学中得电学、磁学与光学统一起来,获得了巨大得成功。麦克斯威尔毫无疑问地证明了光就是电磁波。她可就是权威人物。

14 Einstein didn't give a fig for authority、He didn't resist being told what to do, not so much, but he hated being told what was true、Even as a child he was constantly doubting and questioning、"Your mere presence here undermines the class's respect for me," spat his 7th grade teacher, Dr、Joseph Degenhart、(Degenhart also predicted that Einstein "would never get anywhere in life、") This character flaw was to be a key ingredient in Einstein's discoveries、

14、爱因斯坦豪不在乎权威。她不太反对别人要求她做什么,但就是她不喜欢别人告诉她什么就是正确得。即使在小时候她也不停地质疑与问问题。“您呆在这里损害了全班学生对我尊敬,”她第七年级得老师约瑟夫狄根哈特博士愤怒地说。(狄根哈特还预言爱因斯坦“永远不会有出息”)这一性格缺陷成为日后爱因斯坦作出种种发现得主要因素。

15 "In 1905," notes Galison, "Einstein had just received his Ph、D、He wasn't beholden to a thesis advisor or any other authority figure、" His mind was free to roam accordingly、

15、“在1905年,”加里森着重指出,“爱因斯坦刚刚获得博士学位,她不感激于论文导师或任何其她权威人士。”因此,她得思想在自由漫游。

16 In retrospect, Maxwell was right、Light is a wave、But Einstein was right, too、Light is a particle、This bizarre duality baffles Physics 101 students today just as it baffled Einstein in 1905、How can light be both? Einstein had no idea、

16、回想起来,麦克斯威尔就是正确得。光就是一种波。但爱因斯坦也就是对得。光就是粒子。这种异乎寻常得二象性使今天选修无力101课程得同学们感到困惑,就像在1905年使爱因斯坦感到困惑一样。光怎么可能既就是波又就是粒子呢?爱因斯坦无法理解。

17 That didn't slow him down、Disdaining caution, Einstein adopted the intuitive leap as a basic tool、"I believe in intuition and inspiration," he wrote in 1931、"At times I feel certain I am right while not knowing the reason、"

17、困惑并没有使爱因斯坦放慢探究得脚步。爱因斯坦不屑谨小慎微,她采用直觉跳跃思维作为基本工具。“我相信直觉与灵感,”她在1931年写道。“有时尽管不知道原因,但就是我肯定我就是对得。

18 Although Einstein's five papers were published in a single year, he had been thinking about physics, deeply, since childhood、"Science was dinnertable conversation in the Einstein household," explains Galison、Albert's father Hermann and uncle Jakob ran a German pany making such things as dynamos, arc lamps, light bulbs and telephones、This was hightech at the turn of the century, "like a Silicon Valley pany would be today," notes Galison、"Albert's interest in science and

technology came naturally、"

18、虽说爱因斯坦在短短得一年内发表了五篇论文,其实她童年时代就一直深入地思考物理得问题。“科学就是爱因斯坦在餐桌上聊天得话题。”加里森解释道。爱因斯坦得父亲赫尔曼与叔叔雅各布经营一家德国公司,制造发电机,电弧灯,灯泡、电话等诸如此类得产品。这就是(20)世纪之初属于高科技,“像今天得硅谷公司,”加里森着重提到。“艾伯特对科学技术与生俱来怀有兴趣。”

19 Einstein's parents sometimes took Albert to parties、No babysitter was required: Albert sat on the couch, totally absorbed, quietly doing math problems while others danced around him、Pencil and paper were Albert's GameBoy!

19、爱因斯坦得父母有时会带儿子参加聚会。她们不常请人瞧孩子:当其她人在她周围跳舞时,阿尔伯特坐在沙发上,全神贯注,静静地做数学题。笔与纸就是阿尔伯特得玩具!

20 He had impressive powers of concentration、Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled "、、、even when there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and engross himself in a problem so much that the background noise stimulated rather than disturbed him、" 20、她有极强得集中思想得能力。爱因斯坦得妹妹玛雅,回忆说:“……即使周围非常吵闹,她也能躺在沙发上,拿起纸与笔,悠悠地把墨水池放在一个靠背上,专心致志得解题,北京声音不但没有打扰她,反而激励她。”

21 Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his peers、"I have no special talents," he claimed, "I am only passionately curious、" And again: "The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers 、、、and the reality is simply grotesque、" Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and pesky questioning more so than orthodox intelligence、

21.爱因斯坦显然很聪明,但不比她得同龄人超出多少。“我没有什么特别得才能,”她说,“只就是我得好奇心非常强烈。”还有:“大众对我能力得评估…与现实之间得差异简直大得荒唐。”爱因斯坦把她得发现更多地归功于想象力与不断提问而不就是普通所谓得智慧。

22 Later in life, it should be remembered, he struggled mightily to produce a unified field theory, bining gravity with other forces of nature、He failed、Einstein's brainpower was not limitless、

22、应该记住得就是,爱因斯坦在晚年竭尽全力想象提出统一场论,把万有引力与自然界中其她得力结合起来。但她失败了。爱因斯坦得智力不就是无限得。

23 Neither was Einstein's brain、It was removed without permission by Dr、Thomas Harvey in 1955 when Einstein died、He probably expected to find something extraordinary:Einstein's mother Pauline had famously worried that baby Einstein's head was lopsided、(Einstein's grandmother had a different concern: "Much too fat!") But Einstein's brain looked much like any other, gray, crinkly, and, if anything, a trifle smaller than average、

23、爱因斯坦得大脑也就是如此。她1955年去世得时候,托马斯哈维医生在未经许可得情况下解剖了她得大脑。也许她期盼发现一些惊人得东西。但就是爱因斯坦死得大脑瞧起来与其她人得大脑很相似,灰色,波状得。如果非要说什么不同,那就就是她得大脑比正常人得小一点。

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全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译6-8

unit 6 The Last Leaf When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done? 约翰西病情严重,她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱什么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真 的就无可奈何了吗? 1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted. 在一幢三层砖楼的顶层,苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州,一 位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆,发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉,以及灯笼袖等方面趣 味相投,于是就有了这个两人画室。 2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house. 那是5月里的事。到了11月,一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这一地区,用它冰冷的手指东 碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了,躺在床上几乎一动不动,只能隔着小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。 3 One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow. 一天上午,忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉,示意苏来到过道。 4 "She has one chance in ten," he said. "And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind? “她只有一成希望,”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有 什么心事吗?” 5 "She -- she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day," said Sue. “她――她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾,”苏说。 6 "Paint? -- bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice -- a man, for instance?" “画画?――得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的――比如说,一个男人?” 7 "A man?" said Sue. "Is a man worth -- but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind." “男人?”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得――可是,她没有啊,大夫,没有这码子事。” 8 "Well," said the doctor. "I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines." After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune. “好吧,”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力,只要是科学能做到的。可是,但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有 几辆马车的时候,我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后,苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进 约翰西的房间,口里吹着轻快的口哨。 9 Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. She was looking out and counting -- counting backward. 约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动,脸朝着窗。她望着窗外,数着数――倒数着数! 10 "Twelve," she said, and a little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven," almost together. “12,”她数道,过了一会儿“11”,接着数“10”和“9”;再数“8”和“7”,几乎一口同时数下来。 11 Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare. 苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢?外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子,还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙,上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶,藤上几乎光秃秃的。

大学英语课文翻译及习题答案

大学英语课文翻译及习 题答案 标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

Unit 1 1. A very curious boy, Tom, is interested not only in whats but also in whys and hows. 汤姆是个非常好奇的男孩,他不仅对“是什么”感兴趣,而且也对“为什么”和“怎么会”感兴趣。 2. Happiness, according to Prof. Smith, is the ability to make the most of what you have. 据史密斯教授说,幸福就是你能充分利用你所有的一切。 3. You’d better keep the book where your 15-year-old son can’t get his hands on. 你最好把这本书放在你15岁的儿子找不到的地方。 4. The story was very funny and Bill kept laughing while reading it. 这故事非常滑稽,比尔一边读一边不停地笑。 5. High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more time at their studies than their lower-scoring classmates. 成绩优秀的学生未必比他们得分较低的同学在学习上花费更多的时间。 6. How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course 你是怎样设法说服这些学生修读快速阅读课的 7. Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more. 用功是重要的,但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。 8. She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 她要求学生独立思考,而不是告诉他们该思考什么。 Unit 2 1. Referring to the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.” 在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时,他说:“美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。” 2. Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.” 史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说:“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法,我也同样高兴。” 3. We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话,但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题,谈起了上周的NBA决赛。 4. The driver is responsible for this accident. His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。

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unit 1 TextA Love and logic: The story of a fallacy 爱情与逻辑:谬误的故事 1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either. 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后,我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克,而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的,他一想到这个就受不了,于是他和我达成了一项协议,用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明,而他的女友波莉也不太精明。 2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition. 但她漂亮而且富有,也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景,足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半,我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。 3 "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken". “光彩照人”,她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”,让她变得“谈吐优雅”。 4 After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked. 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后,我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区,我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里,我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么?”她问道。 5 "Logic." “逻辑学。” 6 "Cool," she said over her gum. “好酷啊,”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。 7 "The doctrine of logic," I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter." “逻辑学的原理,”我说道,“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实,其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。”

全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译(20200701193003)

unit 4 Was Einstein a Space Alien? 1 Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albert finally dozed off ... it was time to get up and go to wor k. He couldn't skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family. 1. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停,弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时,已是他起床上班的时候了。他不能一天不上班,他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。 2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert, Third Class," Albert w orried about his mother. She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again. 2. 阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。在快步去专利局上班的路上,他为母亲忧心忡忡。母亲年纪越来越大,身体虚弱。她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事,婆媳关系紧张。阿尔伯特瞥了一下路过的商店的橱窗,看见自己头发凌乱,他又忘了梳头了。 3 Work. Family. Making ends meet. Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young h usband and father. 3. 工作,家庭,维持生计——阿尔伯特感受到了一位年轻丈夫和年轻父亲所要承担的全部压力和责任。 To relax, he revolutionized physics. 他想放松下,却使物理学发生了突破性进展 4 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physic s, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science--all written in his " spare time." He proved that atoms and molecules existed. Before 1905, scientists weren't sure abo ut that. He argued that light came in little bits (later called "photons") and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics. He described his theory of special relativity: space and time were threads in a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted. 4. 1905 年,在他被聘为物理学教授的前四年,26岁的爱因斯坦发表了科学史上最重要论文中的五篇——这些论文都是他在“业余时间”完成的。他证明了原子和分子的存在。1905 年之前,科学家们对此没有把握。爱因斯坦论证说光以微粒形态出现 (后来被称为“光子”),这为量子力学奠定了基础。他把狭义相对论描写为:时空如同普通织物中的线,他提出,这些线可以弯曲、拉长和交织在一起。 5 Oh, and by the way, E=mc2. 5. 对了,顺便提一下,E = mc2 。 6 Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton. It ha ppened in 1666 when Newton secluded himself at his mother's farm to avoid an outbreak of plagu e at Cambridge. With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory of Universal Gravitation. 6. 在爱因斯坦之前,最近一位迸发出如此创造性思想的科学家当数艾萨克牛顿

大学英语四翻译

西蒙顿说,如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话 If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an relenting drive to succeed. “There is an tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal,” he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremend ous amounts of study, practice and devotion.” He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into his office when his country’s moral was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired to nation when he said, “We should not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end… We shall never surrender.” 一些人不愿表达感激之情,因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。 Some person refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome. A patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital, came back to thank his nurse. “I don’t come sooner,” he explained, “because I imagined you must b e bored to death with people thanking you.” “On the contrary,” she replied, “I am delighted you came. Few realize how much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it.” Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. For on the smiles, the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their philosophy of life. 一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。 The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, “When the going gets tough, the toug h get going,” is typical of this aggressive attitude toward problem-solving. No matter what the problem is, or the techniques available for solving it, the framework produced by our Western way of thinking is fight.Dr.de Bono calls this vertical thinking; the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other. The flaw is, of course, that if at any point one of the step is not reached, or one of the toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapse. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feelings of fight take over. Lateral thinking, Dr. de Bono says,is a new technique of thinking about things—a technique that avoids this fight altogether,and solves the problem In an entirely unexpected fashion. 学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事 When a student's work did not measure up to the teacher's expectations, as often happened, the student was not treated with disappointment, anger, or annoyance. Instead, the teacher assumed that this was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a momentary slip — and the student believed her and felt reassured. The next time around, he tried harder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could to. The exact part of communication that tells a child, "I expect the best," is difficult to pinpoint. In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance, a lack of verbal impatience, an absence of negative qualities such as irony, put-downs, and irritation.The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction, knowing the answers she gets will be right, and the child picks up

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译

Unit1 PA无名英雄:职业父亲意味着什么? 在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次"约会”时,我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。我们很喜欢这部片子,但随后我丈夫问道:"父亲在哪儿呢?”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。父亲不仅没有出现,他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿,说明他不可能离开太长时间。影片给人的感觉是,父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节,甚至不需要做任何解释。 新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化,这只是一个例子,它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为"无需父亲”观念。 职业母亲(我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的)奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。与此同时,媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候(我怀疑这一说法的可靠性,因为"家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事),或者是在他们去世的时候。当布兰肯霍恩先生就"顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时,许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。 这种"无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持,我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准:家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬,而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲,所得到文化上的认同却很少,甚至完全得不到。 我们用来讨论父亲角色(即没出息的父亲)的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。我们几乎从来没听到"职业父亲”这一说法,在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时,很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子,同样也适应于男子。我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。 更让人感到侮辱的是最近媒体的这种倾向,即把家庭主妇看成是一种"地位的象征” ——就像一辆名贵的汽车,只有据说少数男人才享受得起这种奢侈与豪华。这暗示家里有家庭主妇的男人比那些妻子在外工作的男人日子过得更舒适,因为他们拥有全职管家这种"奢侈品”。然而,实际上作为家庭惟一挣钱者的男人要承受很多压力。当他们的那份工作是家庭收入的惟一来源的时候,失业,或者甚至只不过是受到失业的威胁,对他们来说显然构成更大的困难。同样,家庭惟一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时,其灵活程度也要小一些,因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。此外,为了给家庭挣更多的钱,许多丈夫超时工作或兼做第二职业。对于这些男人来说,正是这份工作所支撑的家庭,使得他们值得付出努力。很多男人相信母亲呆在家里对小孩十分重要,这种信念使得他们乐意地担起家里惟一挣钱人的担子。 目前,研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩——因此对整个社会——带来严重的问题。然而,我们这个社会并没有把"普通”父亲作为正面角色为未来的父亲树立榜样,相反地,却常常持放弃态度,认为传统的父道从最好的方面说是已经过时,从最坏的方面讲就是危险的反动。这使得许多男人对他们作为父亲的角色的价值提出疑问。

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程1课文翻译

为自己而写 从孩提时代,我还住在贝尔维尔时,我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头,但直等到我高中三年级,这—一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前,我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作,老师读着受累,我写着痛苦。 弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时,我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板,完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了,古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜,微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐,梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装,白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。他救着古板的尖下巴,古板的直鼻梁,说起话来—·本正经,字斟句酌,彬彬有礼,活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。 我作好准备,打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—·年,不少日子过去了,还真率出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸,出了不少题供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有,但绝大多数—样乏味。我把作文题带回家,——直没写,直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上,最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课,便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。… 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来,当时,我们大家——起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过,在座的大人也是经验不足,没有—个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中,我回想起来,当晚我们笑作—团,争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。 突然我就想描述那…切,描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛,但我把它写下来仅仅是想白得其乐,而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而,照我希望的那样去写,就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它—个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后,我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。 等我写完时已是半夜时分,再没时间为弗利格尔先生写——篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午,我别无选择,只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文,他把别人的都发了,·就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命—放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训,却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文,敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。 “好了,孩子们,”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是:吃意大利细面条的艺术。” 于是他开始念了。是我写的!他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是,全班同学都在听着他念,而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来,接着全班都笑了,不是轻蔑嘲弄,而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次,好抑制他那丝拘谨的微笑。我尽力不流露出得意的心情,但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑,我真是心花怒放。就在十——年级,可谓是最后的时刻,我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的——刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道:“瞧,孩子们,这就是小品文,懂了没有。这才是一知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓,知道了没有。祝贺你,贝克先生。”他这番话使我沉浸 在十全十美的幸福之中

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