雅思模拟试题3-阅读

Reading Test 3

ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET.

The test is divided as follows:

Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 14

Reading Passage 2 Questions 15 to 28

Reading Passage 3 Questions 29 to 40

Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one, YOU can return to it later.

TIME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTES

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40

Reading passage 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

inhumane, kept baby monkeys from being touched by their mothers. It made no difference that the babies could see, hear and smell their mothers; without touching, the babies became apathetic, and failed to progress.

E For humans, insufficient touching in early years can have lifelong results. ‘In to uching cultures, adult aggression is low whereas in cultures where touch is limited, adult aggression is high,’ writes Tiffany Field, director of the Touch Research Institutes at the University of Miami School of Medicine. Studies of a variety of cultures show a correspondence between high rates of physical affection in childhood and low rates of adult physical violence.

F While the effects of touching are easy to understand, the mechanics of it are less so. Your skin has millions of nerve cells of various shapes at different depths,’ explains Stanley Bolanowski, a neuroscientist and associate director of the Institute for Sensory Research at Syracuse University. ‘When the nerve cells are stimulated, physical energy is transformed into energy used by the nervous system and passed from the skin to the spinal cord and brain. It’s called transduction, and no one knows exactly how it takes place.’ Suffice it to say that the process involves the intricate, split- second operation of a complex system of signals between neurons in the skin and brain.

G This is starting to sound very confusing until Bolanowski says: ‘In simple terms people perceive three basic things via skin: pressure, temperature, and pain.’ And then I’m sure he’s wrong. ‘When I get wet, my skin f eels wet,’ I protest. ‘Close your eyes and le an back,’ says Bolanowski.

result in ticklishness; gentle stimulation of pain receptors, in itching. Both sensations arise from a neurological transmission, not from something that physically exists. Skin, I’m realizing, is under constant assault, both from within the body and from forces outside. Repairs occur with varying success.

J Take the spot where I nicked myself with a knife while slicing fruit.

I have a crusty scab surrounded by pink tissue about a quarter inch long on my right palm. Under the scab, epidermal cells are migrating into the wound to close it up. When the process is complete, the scab will fall off to reveal new epidermis. It’s onl y been a few days, but my little self-repair is almost complete. Likewise, we recover quickly from slight burns. If you ever happen to touch a hot burner, just put your finger in cold water. The chances are you will have no blister, little pain and

no scar. Severe burns, though, are a different matter.

Questions 1-4

The passage has 10 paragraphs A-J.

Which paragraph contains the following information

Write the correct letter A-J in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

1 the features of human skin, on and below the surface

2 an experiment in which the writer call see what is happening

3 advice on how you can avoid damage to the skin

4 cruel research methods used in the past

Questions 5 and 6

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write your answers in boxes 5 and 6 on your answer sheet.

5 How does a lack of affectionate touching affect children

A It makes them apathetic.

B They are more likely to become violent adults.

C They will be less aggressive when they grow up.

D We do not really know.

6 After the ‘wetness’ experiments, the writer says that

A his skin is not normal.

B his skin was wet when it felt wet.

C he knew why it felt wet when it was dry.

D the experiments taught him nothing new.

Questions 7-11

Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-I from the box below. Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 7-11 on your answer sheet.

7 Touch is unique among the five senses

8 A substance may feel wet

9 Something may tickle

10 The skin may itch

11 A small cut heals up quickly

Questions 12-14

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1

In boxes 12-14 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

12 Even scientists have difficulty understanding how our sense of touch works.

13 The skin is more sensitive to pressure than to temperature or pain.

14 The human skin is always good at repairing itself.

Reading passage 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2.

Questions 15-19

Reading passage 2 has five sections A-E.

Choose the most suitable headings for sections A-E from the list of headings below Write the correct number i-x in boxes 15-19on your answer sheet.

15 Section A

16 Section B

17 Section C

18 Section D

19 Section E

the frame. When you turn the lock, the belt extends into the notch in e frame, so the door can’t move. When you retract the bolt the door moves

freely. The lock’s only job is to make it simple for someone with a key to move the belt but difficult for someone without a key to move it.

Section C

The most widely-used lock design is the cylinder lock. In this kind, the key turns a cylinder in the middle of the lock, which turns the attached mechanism. When the cylinder is turned one way, the mechanism pulls in on the belt and the door can open. When the cylinder turns the other way, the mechanism releases the belt so the door cannot open.

One of the most common cylinder locks is the pin design. Its main components are the housing (the outer part of the lock which does not move), the central cylinder, and several vertical shafts that’ run down from the housing into the cylinder. Inside these shafts are pairs of metal pins of varying length, held in position by small springs.

Without the key, the pins are partly in the housing and partly in the cylinder, so that the mechanism cannot turn and the lock, therefore, cannot open. When you put the correct key into the cylinder, the notches in the key push each pair of pins up just enough so that the top pin is completely in the housing and the bottom pin is entirely in the cylinder. It now turns freely, and you can open the lock.

A tension wrench: the simplest sort of tension wrench is a thin screwdriver.

The first step in picking a lock is to insert the tension wrench into the keyhole and turn it in the same direction that you would turn the key. This turns the cylinder so that it is slightly offset from the housing around it, creating a slight ledge in the pin shafts.

While applying pressure on the cylinder, you slide the pick into the keyhole and begin lifting the pins. The object is to lift each pin pale up to the level at which the top pin moves completely into the housing, as if pushed by the correct key.

When you do this while applying pressure with the tension wrench, you feel or hear a slight click when the pin falls into position. This is the sound of the upper pin falling into place on the ledge in the shaft. The ledge keeps the upper pin wedged in the housing, so it won’t fall back down into the cylinder. In this way, you move each pin pair into the correct position until all the upper pins are pushed completely into the housing and all the lower pros rest inside the cylinder. At this point, the cylinder rotates freely and you can open the lock.

Section E

You’ll find pin locks everywhere, from houses to padlocks. They are so popular because they are relatively inexpensive but offer moderate security.

Another common type of cylinder lock is the wafer lock. These work the same basic way as pin locks, but they have flat, thin pieces of metal called

wafers rather than pins. You pick the wafers exactly the same way you pick pros - in fact, it is a little bit easier to pick wafer locks because the keyhole is wider. Despite giving relatively low security, these locks are found in most cars.

Tubular locks provide superior protection to pin and wafer locks, but they are also more expensive, Instead of one row of pins, tubular locks have pins positioned all the way around the circumference of the cylinder. This makes them much harder to pick. Conventional lock- picking techniques don’t usually work on this type of lock, which is why they are often found on vending machines.

Questions 20-22

Complete the diagram below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.

Questions 23-25

Complete the notes below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet.

Picking a lock

Turn cylinder slightly using 23.................................. Hold cylinder still and insert 24.................................. Push top pin into shaft.

Hold top pin above cylinder, on 25.................................. Lift and hold all other pins in same way.

Turn cylinder and open lock.

Questions 26-27

Complete the table below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 26-27 on your answer sheet.

broken down into customer-focused trading units. Sometimes these were

established as subsidiary companies, at other times as profit-and-loss or cost centres.

Over the past ten years, these principles have been applied as vigorously to the UK public sector as to private-sector corporations. Hospitals, schools, universities, social services departments, as well as large areas of national government, now operate on project management principles - all with built-in operational targets, key success factors, and performance-related reward systems.

The underlying objectives for this widespread process of organizational restructuring have been to increase the transparency of operations, encourage personal accountability, become more efficient at delivering service to customer, and directly relate rewards to performance.

The result is a management culture which is entrepreneurially oriented and focused almost entirely on the short term, and highly segmented organizational structures - since employee incentives and rewards are geared to the activities of their own particular unit.

This business model has also required development of new personal skills. We are now encouraged to lead, rather than to manage by setting goals and incentive systems for staff. We have to be cooperative team members rather than work on our own. We have to accept that, in flattened and

in Europe. The principles of business process re-engineering have never been fully accepted in France, Germany and the other major economies; while in some Eastern European economies, the attempt to apply them in the nineties brought the economy virtually to its knees, and created huge opportunities for corrupt middle managers and organized crime.

Instead, continental European companies have struck to the bureaucratic model which delivered economic growth for them throughout the twentieth century. European corporations continue to be structured hierarchically, with clearly defined job descriptions and explicit channels of reporting. Decision making , although incorporating consultative processes, remains essentially top-down.

Which of these two models is preferable Certainly, the downside of the Anglo- American model is now becoming evident, not least in the long-hours working culture that the application of the decentralized project management model inevitably

Whether in a hospital, a software start-up or a factory, the breakdown of work processes into project-driven targets leads to over-optimistic goals and underestimates of the resources needed. The result is that the success of projects often demands excessively long working hours if the targets are to be achieved.

Further, the success criteria/as calibrated in performance targets, are inevitably arbitrary, and the source of ongoing dispute. Witness the objections of teachers and medics to the performance measures applied to them by successive governments. This is not surprising. In a factory

producing cars the output of individuals is directly measurable, but what criteria can be used to measure output and performance in knowledge-based activities such as R&D labs, government offices, and even the marketing departments of large corporations

The demands and stresses of operating according to the Anglo-American model seem to be leading to increasing rates of personnel burn-out. It is not surprising that managers queue for early retirement. In a recent survey, just a fifth said they would work to 65. This could be why labour market participation rates have declined so dramatically for British 50-year-olds in the past twenty years.

By contrast, the European management model allows for family-friendly employment policies and working hours directives to be implemented, it encourages staff to have a long-term psychological commitment to their employing organizations. Of course, companies operating on target-focused project management principles may be committed to family-friendly employment policies in theory. But, if the business plan has to be finished by the end of the month, the advertising campaign completed by the end of next week, and patients pushed through the system

Questions 28-31

Do the following statements agree with the writer’s views in Reading

Passage 3

In boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement does not agree with tile views of the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

28 Attempts by British and mainland European firms to work together often fail.

29 Project management principles discourage consideration of long-term issues.

30 There are good opportunities for promotion within segmented companies.

31 The European model gives more freedom of action to junior managers. Questions 32-37

Complete the summary below.

Choose the answers from the box and write the corresponding words in boxes 32 -37 on your answer sheet. There are more choices than spaces, so you will not need to use all of them.

Adopting the US model in Britain has had negative effects. These include the 32 .................................. hours spent at work, as small sections of large organizations struggle to 33.................................. unrealistic short-term objectives. Nor is there 34.................................. on how to calculate the productivity of professional, technical, and clerical staff, who cannot be assessed in the same way as 35 .................................. employees. In addition, managers within this culture are finding the 36 .................................. of work too great, with 80% reported to be 37 .................................. to carry on

working until the normal retirement age.

List of words

argument temperature reach manufacturing increasing able office pressure negative predict declining agreement discussion no willing unwilling

雅思阅读模拟试题-音乐

雅思阅读模拟试题:音乐 Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shop and restaurants in the US. But it soon spread to other arts of the world. Now it is becoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to music. To begin with, “ muzak ” (音乐广播网) was intended simply to create a soothing (安慰) atmosphere. Recently, however, it’s become big business –thanks in part to recent research. Dr. Ronald Milliman, an American marketing expert, has shown that music can boost sales or increase factory production by as much as a third. But, it has to be light music. A fast one has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increase receipts by 38%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they like to buy. Yet, slow music isn’t always answered. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5b7544657.html,liman found, for example, that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reduced overall sales. So restaurants owners might be well advised to play up-tempo music to keep the customers moving – unless of course, the resulting indigestion leads to complaints! ( )1. The reason why background music is so popular is that ______. A. it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it B. it can help to create a soothing atmosphere C. it can boost sales or increase factory production everywhere D. it can make customers eat their meals quickly ( )2. Background music means ________. A. light music that customers enjoy most B. fast music that makes people move fast C. slow music that can make customers enjoy their meals D. the music you are listening to while you are doing something ( )3. Restaurant owners complain about background music because ______. A. it results in indigestion B. it increases their sales C. it keeps customers moving D. it decreases their sales ( )4. The word “ up-tempo music” probably means_____. A.slow music B.fast music C.light music D.classical music

雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1word版本

2019年雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1

2019年雅思考试巩固模拟试题及答案1 Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback. D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it

2019年雅思阅读模拟试题：流程图题(1)

2019年雅思阅读模拟试题：流程图题(1) BAKELITE The birth of modern plastics In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named 'Bakelite,’was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry. The term 'plastic' comes from the Greek plassein, meaning 'to mould'. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are 'thermoplastic', which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are 'thermosetting'： like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic. The history of today's plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors—immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of 'luxury' materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory.

(完整版)雅思考试全题模拟试题(1)

雅思考试全题模拟试题(1) Listening TIME ALLOWED: 30 minutes NUMBER OF QUESTION: 40 Instruction You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check you work. All the recordings will be played ONCE only. The test is in four sections. Write your answers in the listening question booklet. At the end of the test you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet. Now turn to Section 1 on page 2. SECTION 1 Question1-9 Question 1-6 Listen to conversation between friend and the housing officer and complete the list below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS for each answer. HOUSING LIST HOUSING LIST Address Number of rooms Price per week Additional information Mr. J Devenport 82Salisbury Road Brighton BN 16 3 AN Tel 01273 884673 2 bedrooms sitting room kit. bath Example ￡120 Unfurnished Mrs E.S. Jarvis2Wicken Street Brighton BN 15 4JH Tel 01273 771621 (1) sitting room kit.bath (2) First floor Mrs. E.C. Sparshott 180Silwood Road Brighton BN 14 9RY Tel (3) 2 large rm/s shared kit and bath ￡35 Nice area (4) Mr A Nasiry 164 Preston Road Brighton BN5 7RT Tel 01273 703865 large bedroom sitting room with kitchenette.bath. (5) Ground floor Central (6) 2 harrow Road Brighton BN9 9HK Tel 01273 745621 2 large rooms kit bath ￡86 No pets Questions 7-9 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer 7.When is the accommodation available? 8.Where is the telephone? 9.How is the flat heated? SECTION 2 Questions 10-20

雅思阅读模拟试题精选

雅思阅读模拟试题精选

雅思阅读模拟试题精选 1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike —vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA. 2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today. 3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the

雅思模拟试题1-阅读(学术类)

Academic Reading ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET. The test is divided as follows: Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 13 Reading Passage 2 Questions 14 to 27 Reading Passage 3 Questions 28 to 40 Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one. You can return to it later. TLME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTES NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40

Read ing Passage 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Questio ns 1-5 Read ing Passage 1 has seve n paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of headings below. Write the correct nu mber (i-x) in boxes 1-5 on your an swer sheet. Example Paragraph A An swer iv 1 Paragraph B 2 Paragraph C 3 Paragraph D 4 Paragraph E Example Paragraph F An swer ii 5 Paragraph G

(完整word版)2014年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2),推荐文档

Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief， continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia)， but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade， briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag， 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007， though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years，European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992， the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997， the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution，laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted， not immobilised， by this setback. D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty —the Treaty of Rome， its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously， restating their commitment to “ever closer union”and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself， and in normal circumstances，the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless， a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional

2021年雅思考试阅读模拟试题8含答案

雅思考试阅读模仿试题(含答案) 1 There's a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100,000 years—exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our star's core. 2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax，Virginia，modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the sun's interior. According to the standard view，the temperature of the sun's core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However，Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible. 3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In ，Grandpierre and a collaborator，Gábor ágoston,calculated that magnetic fields in the sun's core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature. 4 Ehrlich's model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out，some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the sun's core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100,000 or 41,000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the sun's magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.

雅思阅读模拟试题

雅思阅读模拟试题：钱币 In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose. At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready. Thus the

雅思模拟试题3-阅读

Reading Test 3 ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET. The test is divided as follows: Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 14 Reading Passage 2 Questions 15 to 28 Reading Passage 3 Questions 29 to 40 Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one, YOU can return to it later. ￥ TIME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTES NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40 \ '

# Reading passage 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1.

Stanley Bolanowski, a neuroscientist and associate director of the Institute for Sensory Research at Syracuse University. ‘When the nerve cells are stimulated, physical energy is transformed into energy used by the nervous system and passed from the skin to the spinal cord and brain. It’s called transduction,and no one knows exactly how it takes place.’ Suffice it to say that the process involves the intricate, split- second operation of a complex system of signals between neurons in the skin and brain. G This is starting to sound very confusing until Bolanowski says: ‘In simple terms people perceive three basic things via skin: pressure, temperature, and pain.’ And then I’m sure he’s wrong. ‘When I get wet,my skin feels wet,’ I protest. ‘Close your few days, but my little self-repair is almost complete. Likewise, we recover quickly from slight burns. If you ever happen to touch a hot burner, just put your finger in cold water. The chances are you will have no blister, little pain and no scar. Severe burns, though, are a different matter. Questions 1-4 The passage has 10 paragraphs A-J. Which paragraph contains the following information Write the correct letter A-J in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案

2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案 It's never too late to mend.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! THE GAP of INGENUITY 2 Ingenuity, as I define it here, consists not only of ideas for new technologies like computers or drought-resistant crops but, more fundamentally, of ideas for better institutions and social arrangements, like efficient markets and competent governments. How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society requires depends on a range of factors, including the society's goals and the circumstances within which it must achieve those goals——whether it has a young population or an aging one, an abundance of natural resources or a scarcity of them, an easy climate or a punishing one, whatever the case may be. How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society supplies also depends on many factors, such as the nature of human inventiveness and understanding, the rewards an economy gives to the producers of useful knowledge, and the strength of political opposition to social and institutional reforms. A good supply of the right kind of ingenuity is essential, but it isn't, of course, enough by itself. We know that the creation of wealth, for example, depends not only on an adequate supply of useful ideas but also on the availability of other, more conventional factors of production, like capital and labor. Similarly, prosperity, stability and justice usually depend on the resolution, or at least the containment, of major political struggles over wealth and power. Yet within our economics ingenuity often supplants labor, and growth in the stock of physical plant is usually accompanied by growth in the stock of ingenuity. And in our political systems, we need great ingenuity to set up institutions that successfully manage struggles over wealth and power. Clearly, our economic and political processes are intimately entangled with the production and use of ingenuity. The past century’s countless incremental changes in our societies around the planet, in our technologies and our interactions with our surrounding natural environments have accumulated to create a qualitatively new world. Because these changes have accumulated slowly, It’s often hard for us to recognize how profound and sweeping they've. They include far larger and denser populations; much higher per capita consumption of natural resources; and far better and more widely available technologies for the movement of people, materials, and especially information. In combination, these changes have sharply increased the density, intensity, and pace of our inter actions with each other; they have greatly increased the burden we place on our natural environment; and they have helped shift power from national and international institutions to individuals and subgroups, such as political special interests and ethnic factions. As a result, people in all walks of life-from our political and business leaders to all of us in our day-to-day——must cope with much more complex, urgent, and often unpredictable circumstances. The management of our relationship with this new world requires immense and ever-increasing amounts of social and technical ingenuity. As we strive to maintain or increase our prosperity and improve the quality of our lives, we must make far more sophisticated decisions, and in less time, than ever before. When we enhance the performance of any system, from our cars to the planet's network of financial institutions, we tend to make it more complex. Many of the natural systems critical to