2015北外高翻英汉互译(英汉同传)真题

北外英汉同传2015年考研英汉互译真题

一、英译汉

1.“Millions of people belonging to national,ethnic,religious and linguistic minorities are trapped in a cycle of discrimination,exclusion,poverty and underdevelopment from which they cannot break free without targeted attention being given to their situations,”said UN Independent Expert on minority issues,during the presentation of her latest report to the Human Rights Council in Geneva.

“Disadvantaged minorities should be among the first targets of development strategies,yet too often they have been among the last,”she insisted,challenging States and development actors to do more to ensure that the new post-2015development goals and strategies respond to the situation of the most deprived minorities.

Her report singles out lack of attention to the situation of minorities as one of the most serious deficiencies of the Millennium Development Goals,a set of targets agreed by world leaders at the start of the new century to drastically diminish the number of people affected by a raft of poverty,health and development challenges by2015.

“The rise of inequality has severely undermined the achievements in many States,”she warned.“Future development goals must include dedicated attention to minorities to contribute to closing the inequality gap.”

2.Rapidly declining fertility–especially if rates go very low–does pose challenges.Yet it also can provide substantial benefits that have received less attention.

First,as noted,fertility decline is associated nearly everywhere with greater rights and opportunities for women.The deferral of marriage and the reduction of births to two,one or none across so much of the world–and,again,in countries that are still far from rich–are broadly consistent with the higher educational attainment and career aspirations of young women.It is no surprise that the hand-wringers over fertility decline are usually men.

Second,the workforces of societies with low-to-moderate fertility rates often achieve higher levels of productivity than do higher fertility societies.This is one reason China’s economic

growth far outstripped India’s from1970to2010–a period when fertility declined rapidly in China(though only partly because of the one-child policy,now being relaxed),but did not decline as much in most of India.

Third,by enhancing the employment and career experiences of young adults,lower fertility can also bring about greater social and political stability.High-fertility societies commonly produce large numbers of young adults who have trouble finding productive employment–many experts have attributed everything from terrorism to the Arab Spring to this“youthquake”of disaffected young adults in the Middle East and North Africa–but this begins to change20to30 years after fertility rates start to decline.

Finally,lower fertility rates may gradually reduce the incentives that have led a surprisingly large number of governments to encourage the emigration of their own young citizens,both to find work and send home hard-currency savings,as well as to remove them from potential political activism at home.

二、汉译英

1.中国在加强本国文化建设的同时，希望扩大自己对外的文化影响和"软实力"。加强国家文化软实力就是将本国、本民族的文化传统同其他国家和民族分享。加强中国的文化软实力，并不意味着要削弱其他国家的软实力。中国首先是建设国内和谐社会，促进民族和宗教群体之间的相互包容。同时，还要同在社会制度和价值观方面有差异的国家扩大共识，增加相互理解。中国的经济开放与文化开放同时并举，中华文明就能在各个文明相互融合的历史长河中发挥独特的作用。

2.伴随着2014年亚太经合组织(APEC)领导人会议周临近，北京进入APEC时间。北京及周边5省市采取的一系列措施逐渐显效，11月以来，北京的空气质量明显好转，监测数据显示，11月3日上午8点，北京市城六区PM2.5浓度为每立方米37微克，接近一级优水平。天空也逐渐变蓝，被市民称为“APEC蓝”。“雾霾确切说应该是灰霾，雾没有问题。现在的灰霾还是燃烧煤炭导致的，中国每年燃烧35亿吨~40亿吨煤炭，相当于世界燃煤消耗量的一半，它排放二氧化碳、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、汞等物质，现在处理的措施跟不上。”为保障APEC会议期间空气质量，河北省预计将对2386家企业实施停限产措施，同时有2445处工地停止施工，实现污染物比去年同期减排30%的目标。尽管通过多省联防，终于给北

京带来了蓝天，居民受惠的同时也担忧着这样的蓝天可否持续?然而，短期治霾的成效反而突显了长期治理的困境。

小学英语三年级下册翻译句子专项练习

(1) 翻译句子 ( )1、Please don ' t listen to the parrot A.请听鹦鹉的 B.请听鸟的。 C.请不要听鸟的。 ( )2.1 ‘ m sorry Mr green ' A.对不起，格林先生。 B.对不起，李老师。 C.对不起，格林老师。()3.鸟在哪里？ A. Where are the bird? B. Where is the bird? ( )4.Is this your schoolbag?. A .这是你的书包吗？B。这是你们的书包吗？ ()5.很高兴遇见你. A. Nice to meet you B. What' s your name? ( )6..Don t sleep ,Li u Tao A.不要睡觉，刘涛。 B.不要吃东西，刘涛。 (2) 情景对话 )1.如果在晚上你去Mike家，你应说： A Good morni ng. B. Good eve ning. C. Good after noon. ()2.如果你想知道是不是对方铅笔？ A Is this your pencil? B.Is that your pencil? C.What' s your pencil? ()3.如果你把Amy介绍给你的朋友，你应说： A. She is Amy. B. This is Amy. C. This Amy. ()4.如果你想向对方介绍自己，你可以说： A.. Hi, I ' m Bai Li ng. B. Hi, This is Bai Li ng. C. Am I Bai Ling? ()5、当你告诉同学这是你的英语书应该如何问？ A. It ' s an English book B. It ' s my English book. ()6、你想问：这是什么？”时，应这样说： A. What' s this? B. What' s that? ()7、你刚买了新的水彩笔，想给你的朋友看，你应该说：________________ A.Look at my new cray ons. B. Can you find my cray ons? ()8.、你想让别人不要喝牛奶你应该怎么说： A . Don' t drink the milk. B.Do n' t drink my milk. ()9.当告诉别人这不是你的钢笔时： A. This is my pen. B.This isn ' t my pen. ()10.当别人Look，a bird!你应回答_ A.How beautiful! B.What a nice! ( )11 当别人说I have a new robot你应说_______ A. Oh, It' s beautiful. B. Oh, I’ m sorry. ( )12.当别人说Here you are你应说__________ A. OK. B. Tha nk you. ()13.当你想知道照片上的这个男人【他】在哪？，应说_____________ A. Who, s this boy? B. Where is he？ 14. 当你想让别人看一看你的小熊时，说： A. Have a look at my bear. B. May I have a look ? C. Look at my bird. 15. 当你想向别人展示你能表演像猫一样做动作时，说： A. I can act like a cat. B. May I have a look ? ()16、有一天，你的一位朋友生日，你应该说：

英汉翻译词汇搭配

英汉翻译中的词汇搭配问题 Collocation in the Translation Between English and Chinese 代绍荣许芳 摘要：在英汉翻译中，词汇搭配问题不容忽视。本文试图通过一些实例说明词汇搭配的规律，并探讨解决词汇搭配问题的办法以及考虑这个问题的角度。 关键词：英汉翻译词汇搭配现象分析解决办法考虑角度 Abstract: Collocation is highly worth special attention in the translation work between English and Chinese. This article attempts to illustrate some general principles for collocation in translation , and proposes solutions to this problem and the seven angles from which to consider this problem. Key words: translation between English and Chinese collocation phenomenon analysis solution consideration angles 在翻译活动中，对原文的正确理解是做好翻译工作的基础，而对原文中词汇的恰当翻译是做好翻译工作的重点。在词汇翻译过程中，我们会不可避免地遇到词汇搭配问题。这个问题不解决好，翻译活动就没法进行下去，或者就不会译出好的作品来。本文拟就英汉翻译活动中经常遇到的各种词汇搭配问题作一分析，并提出解决的办法，以供参考。 一 在英汉两种语言当中，都有一些可以直接对译成目的语的词汇，包括简单的词、短语和习语等。它们的意义比较容易理解和把握，在目的语中有比较明显的对应词汇。这种直译不影响原文的意义和风格，是词汇翻译中最简单的一种，例如： He is a diligent student。 他是个勤奋的学生。 也因为如此，这类翻译中的词汇搭配问题比较容易解决，又例如： I bought a bunch of red roses for my girlfriend. 我买了一束红攻瑰送给女朋友。 这种搭配大多是因为下面的原因： （1）词汇本身意义不复杂，如diligent, bunch等。 （2）两个词汇经常搭配使用，形成惯用法。如：a lucky dog（幸运儿）, watch TV（看电视）, crude oil (原油) 等。 （3）涉及专用词汇，如in China 等 虽然这种情况下的翻译比较简单，但我们还是要注意弄清原文中每个词汇的含义，选择恰当的目的语词汇来翻译。 二 大多数情况下，词汇的翻译并不是那么容易的，需要我们动一番脑筋。词汇的搭配对所涉及的每个词汇的具体含义起相当大的限制作用。特别是有些词，本身含义比较广泛，词性也比较多，当它们和不同的词搭配时，具有不同的含义，这就需要我们熟读原文，弄清原文的准确含义、文体风格、表现手法，然后在目的语中捕捉最贴切的词汇来翻译。下面举一个例子： free competition 自由竞争free room 空房间 free medical care 公费医疗free goods 免税货物 free bloomer 开花多的植物free state 游离状态 free gait 从容和步伐free wind 顺风

4英语翻译技巧-直、音、意译

英语翻译方法：直译与意译 这里所讲翻译方法是指通过英、汉两种语言特点对比，分析其异同，阐述表达原文的一般规律。英、汉语结构有相同一面，汉译时可照译，即所谓“直译”——既忠实原文内容，又符合原文结构形式,能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。但这两种语言之间还有许多差别，如完全照译，势必出现“英化汉语”，这时就需要“意译”，在忠实原文内容前提下，摆脱原文结构束缚，使译文符合汉语规范。特别要注意是：“直译”不等于“死译”，“意译”也不等于“乱译”。试比较： 1、直译与死译 原文结构与汉语结构是一致，照译即可。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致，仍然采取直译方法，就成“死译”了。如： ①、In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂，电子计算机控制整个生产线。（直译） ②、The earth acts like a big magnet．地球作用着像一块大磁铁。（死译） ③、Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。（死译） 例②、例③既不忠实原意，又不符合汉语表达方式。因此，必须运用“词类转换”广成分转换”、“词（语）序调整”等手段使译文通顺。例②、例③应分别译为：“地球作用像一块大磁铁。”…“锰像硅一样会影响钢强度。” 2、意译和乱译 只有在正确理解原文基础上，运用相应翻译方法以调整原文结构，用规范汉语加以表达，这才真正做到“意译”。翻译实践证明，大量英语句子汉译都要采取“意译法”。 如果把“意译”理解为凭主观臆想来理解原文，可以不分析原文结构，只看词面意义，自己编造句子，势必造成“乱译”。如： It is easy to compress a gas，it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules. Like a liquid a gas has no shape，but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.气体是很容易压缩，这正是压缩分子之间距离根据。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它容器。（乱译） 例句中“乱译”是由主观臆想（不正确选择词义、任意转换成分）造成。在这里，将matter译成“根据”在物理学上是讲不通，因为“压缩气体也就是减少分子之间距离”，两者是一回事。matter应作“事情”、“问题”解。 将will expand任意转换为时间状语，致使不符合原义。will expand and fill应译为“会扩张并充满”。综上所述，原译文可改为“气体很容易压缩，那只不过是缩小分子之间距离而已。气体和液体一样没有形状，但又不同于液体，因为气体会扩张并充满任何盛放它容器。” 就翻译方法而论，总来说，就是“直译法和意译法相结合”，又可细分为“照译”、“词义引伸”、“成分转换”、“句转成分”等译法。 英语翻译训练方法-直译 直译是一种重要的翻译方法，它有不少优点，例如能传达原文意义，体现原文风格等。据估算，大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理，所以直译广为译者采用，由此可见直译法之重要。但是，直译具有一定的局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆，晦涩难懂，有时不能正确传达原文意义，有时甚至事与愿违。所以，如果不顾场合条件，不顾中外两种语言的差异，一味追求直译，就必然闯红灯，进入误区，造成误译。直译之所以有误区，是因为语言的形式与内容，句子的表层结构与深层意义有时不统一；另一方面，中外文化历史背景不同，造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译，指出过直译有局限性，但是直译到底有哪些局限性，它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区，明确这些误区，就要在翻译中避免一些错误，就可在直译行不通的地方采用意译。 一、否定句型中的直译误区

2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。

小学英语300句(中英文翻译)

小學英語300句 Unit One 1.I’m Eda.我是艾达。 2.Hello！你好！ 3.Good morning! 早上好！ 4.This is Kaide. 这是凯德。 5.This is Miss Daisy, your English teacher. 这是戴西小姐，你们的英语教师。 6.How do you do? 你好！ 7.Hi! 你好！ 8.Good bye! 再见！ 9.So long! 再见! 10.Bye-bye! 再见！ Dialogue A: A: Hello, I’m Eda. B: Hello, I’m Mr. White. C: I’m Bobby. D: I’m Kate. Dialogue B: A: Good morning, Mr. White. I’m Bobby. B: Good morning. C: Good morning. I’m Eda. D: I’m Miss Daisy. Good morning. Dialogue C: A: This is Kate. This is Ellen. B: How do you do? A: This is Miss David, your English teacher. C: How do you do? Dialogue D: A: Hello! Bobby. B: Hi. Eda. A: Good bye,. B: Bye-bye. A: Hi. Kate. B: Hi. Bobby. A: So long. B: Bye-bye. Unit Two 11.Is this your football?这是你的足球吗？ 12.Yes, it is. 是的。 13.Thank you.谢谢！ 14.May I use it？我可以用它吗？ 15.Please. 请吧。 16.Sure. 当然。 17.No, it isn’t.不是。 18.It is my hat. 它是我的帽子。 19.Here you are. 给你。 20.Thank you very much.

汉英翻译中的词类转换

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