大学英语翻译技巧 8
第八单元句子的翻译（4）
分译与合译法
第一部分：分译法
分法译
英语句子的修饰语既多且长，句子结构复杂，特别是长句；而汉语句子的修饰语则较少且短。因此，英译汉时不可死译硬译，必须根据汉语的特点，灵活处理。分译就是一种常用的翻译技巧。所谓分译就是指根据汉语的句法特点，把英语的句子分解成两个或两个以上的单位，以求译文在正确传达原文的意思内容的前提下明白晓畅。分译通常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译三种情况。
单词分译
单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词分译成一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
1．副词
·The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievement.
中国人似乎为他们经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
·They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
2．形容词
·George nodded, thankful that his wife was not the talkative kind.
乔治点点头，他妻子不是那种絮絮叨叨的人，对此他心存感激。
3．名词
·At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不依的态度回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。
·The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.
每个帐篷内怎样布置，这就要看各个使用者的性格了。
二、短语分译
短语分译是原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。1．分词短语
·Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.
这座桥是1192年修建的，已经有七百多年的历史了。
·She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen.
她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
2．名词短语
·I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
·Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
3．介词短语
·Their power increased with their number.
他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
·He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.
他来到华盛顿，就国际形式来说，时机正合适。
三、句子分译
句子分译可分为简单句的分译、并列句的分译、主从复合句的分译和长句的分译。1．简单句的分译
·His wealth enables him to do everything.
他有钱，什么事都能干。
·The wonderful purity of nature at this season is a most pleasing fact.
大自然在这个季节里显得特别纯洁，令人特别赏心悦目。
2．并列复合句的分译
·Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and she sounded puzzled when Alan asked for June.
第一声电话铃响过几秒钟之后，海伦玛琦拿起电话筒。听到艾伦找琼接电话，她的声音流露出迷茫。
·It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the
knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.
从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举的。然而，从书中学得知识并把这些知识运用到实践中去就决不是那么简单的事情。
·The shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope.
鲨鱼在海里翻滚过来。老头儿看见它的眼珠已经没有生气儿了，但是它又翻滚了一
下，滚得自己给绳子缠了两道。
3．主从复合句的分译
·A bankable actor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a film.
所谓“摇钱树”的演员就是指这样一种演员：制片人只需抬出其大名来就可以筹措
到足够摄制影片的经费。
·On December 31, 2001 a dozen members of the European Union switched to the euro — a change which affects 300 million people.
2001年报12月31日，12个欧盟成员国决定起用欧元—这个变化会影响三亿人的生
活。
·Three rains had passed, and it was that lean season when the village’s store of grain and other dried foods from the last harvest was almost gone.
三个雨季已经过去，正到了青黄不接的时节。村子里上一季收成之后储存的粮食和其它干果杂品差不多已食用一空了。
·Because the young man frequently came to the lady’s house, he was regarded as the mistress’s lover.
这个小伙子经常来太太家。因此，别人都以为他是这个女主人的情人。
·Kunta was so worn out, slumped in his rocking chair, staring vacantly at the fire, that he didn’t even notice Bell feeling his forehead and taking off his shoes.
昆塔累积了，他颓然倒在他的摇椅中，凝视着火光发呆。他甚至没有感到贝尔用手摸了摸他的前额，并替他脱了鞋。
4．长句的分译
长句的翻译得视具体情况，结合意群的分布等因素来考虑，通过进行合理的切分，从而使译文层次分明，观点明确，语言规范。
·The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.
在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。（一句译为三句）
·Men with an intolerable air of condolence have appeared, as though drawn by the smell of
death, dressed comfortably, speaking a manipulated tongue, terminally evil.
人们出现了悲哀的样子，这是令人难以忍受的。似乎是死亡的气息把他们引出来的。
他们穿着宽松舒适的衣服，说话字斟句酌，十分谨慎，最后仍然露出险恶的用心。（一句译为三句）
SENTENCE TRANSLATION
1. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
2. At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
3. Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.
4. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
5. Their power increased with their number.
6．The wonderful purity of nature at this season is a most pleasing fact.
7. Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and she sounded puzzled
when Alan asked for June.
8. A bankable actor is one with whose name a producer can raise enough money to make a
film.
9. The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election
results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.
10. The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievement.
第二部分：长句的翻译
长句的翻译
长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。汉语和英语都有长句，
但在句子结构上的差异很大。所以，在翻译时要讲究方法，否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。在处理长句时，要注意如何断句和如何区分主从，正确运用合并法，倒置法和插入法。
一、断句
所谓断句，就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。大凡长句多为复句，而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的表达习惯。另外，现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短，文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。为此，翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。一般来说，在以下几种情况下都可以断句：
1.汉语句子较长，内容较复杂
这种句子如果同样译作一个长句，在结构上有困难，语境也不清楚；断句则便于清晰地表达原意，又符合英语的表达习惯。
·历来只有真正老实的劳动者，才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想，而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动，为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard
practical work.
·如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。
There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.
2. 汉语的总分复句
汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。英译时通常是，先总说后分述的句子，可在句子的开头部分断句，即将最前面的总说或概括部分单独译成一句；先分述后总说的句子，可在句子的结尾部分断句，即将最后的总结或判断部分断开，单独译作一句。
·人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。
The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our
part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
·这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正在促使它们的政府和我们做生意，以致建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。
The Communist Parties and Progressive groups in these countries are urging their governments to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill, this is help.
二、区分主从
汉语复句中往往不用关联词，分句之间的逻辑关系在很多情况下主要依靠排列顺序来表示，即采用所谓“意合法”。同时，汉语动词又没有英语动词那样的词形变化。汉语
复句里接二连三出现的动词，从形式上看，它们都是等立的，没有主从、偏正之分。因此，在翻译时，汉语复句的处理，必须首先从逻辑上仔细分析，弄清各分句间的关系，区分开哪个分句为主，哪个分句为从，然后按照英语表达习惯，适当加以处理。一般来说，应该是：凡是为主的从句，即正句，用英语限定式动词结构来表达；从属的分句，即偏句，则可采用各种非限定式动词短语或介词短语来表达，或增加从属关联词或通过各种从句形式来处理。
·错误和挫折教训了我们，使我们比较地聪明起来了，我们的事情就办得比较好一些。
Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handle our affairs better. “我们……聪明起来了”是主要部分，“错误和挫折教训了我们”是“聪明起来了”的原因，是从属部分。
·我们用自己动手的方法，达到了丰衣足食的目的。
By using our own hands we have attained the objective of “ample food and clothing”.
·这些错误都应该向他们去进行教育，加以纠正，而不是简单地去进行斥责。
These mistakes should be corrected by educating the cadres and peasants and not by simply dressing them down..
以上两例的译文中，在表示目的的部分用动词，而在所使用的手段部分用动名词，和介词一起构成介词短语，作状语，使整个句子主从分明。
三、合并法
合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句。
·中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.
·农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低，使得绝大多数农村人口在国内处于不利的地位。
Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country.
?没有农业，人类便不能生存，社会生产也就不能继续下去。
But for agriculture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed
四、倒置法
在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。
·改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.
·我原来计划今年二月访问美国，后来不得不推迟，这使我感到很扫兴。
It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to U.S. in February.
五、插入法
指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
·如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影响”，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects,” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision.
SENTENCE TRANSLATION
1. 近来人们很重视语言的功能意念，很多作家和教师提出这些功能意念是构成语言学
习大纲的基础，而不是例如象一般现在时、现在进行时和一般过去时等传统的语法项。
2. 在保险中，万一发生损失时，保证他人免受损失或破坏并承担赔偿付款的一方叫做
保险人；得到保证并接受损失赔偿的一方叫做被保人。
III. PASSAGE TRANSLATION
加强和改善金融调控，取消对国有独资银行的贷款限额控制，逐步实行资产负债比例管理，优化贷款结构。继续实行适度从紧的货币政策，搞好适时适度微调。
在稳定银行居民储蓄存款，坚持以间接融资为主的同时，积极发展股票、债券等直接融资，加强对证券市场的监管。
第三部分：合译法
合译法
合译是把英语的复合句译成一个汉语单句。
由于英汉两种语言句子结构不完全相同，有时套用原文的句式往往是行不通的。当原文句子的表层结构与汉语的表达方式不一致时，需要进行句子结构的调整，使译文和原文的内容相一致。将原文中的复合句译成一个汉语单句可以使译文紧凑、简练、语气连贯，合乎汉语的表达习惯。
一、把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句。
·He was very clean. His mind was open.
他为人单纯而坦率。
·There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.
从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。
·These trains had beautiful bedrooms, bathrooms, dining rooms, and sitting rooms. They were like little palaces, really fit for a king.
这种火车上有华丽的卧室、浴室、餐厅和起居室，宛如小型宫殿，真是可供国王使用。
·Y o u’ve probably seen freight trains. There are many kinds. There are trains to carry logs, refrigerator trains to carry food, tank trains to carry fuel, even trains to carry cars.
你可能见过货运列车吧。其种类繁多，有运载木材的列车，运载食品的冷藏列车，运油的油罐列车，甚至还有运载小轿车的列车。
·The building has 36 barn-size bins. The temperature and the amount of water in the air are recorded in the bins. There are machines to heat or cool the air.
这座建筑物有三十六件如谷仓大小的库房，在这些库房里，空气的温度和湿度都作了记录，还配有给空气加温或降温的机器。
·It’s good there. Quiet, fresh-aired. White swans swam around whitely.
那儿景色宜人，环境幽静，空气清新，白天鹅游来荡去，一片洁白。
·I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them.
我把椅子挪过来坐下，起初两腿分开，但我突然觉得这样显得不太尊重，太不拘礼节，便把两膝并拢，把双手随便地放在膝盖上。
·The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.
这个年轻人很惨，已落到身无分文的地步，因为他所有的积蓄都被窃了。
·Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front.
夜幕降临时，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没动摇他上前线的决心。
·That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the moon by spaceshuttle.
那天，总统会见了她的父亲，因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。
·She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.
她在家很忙，又要看孩子，又要下厨房。
二、把原文中的复合句译成一个单句。
·When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.
我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃东西。
·If we do a thing, we should do it well.
我们要干就要干好。
·I d on’t care if at first they look dismayed. As long as they discover there is help.
我不在乎他们起初会不会感到惊愕，只要他们能发现这病是有办法可治愈的就行了。
三、把原文中的并列句译成一个单句。
·The time was 10:30, and the traffic on the street was light.
10点30分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。
·In 1884 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.
在一八四四年恩格斯与马克斯相遇并成了朋友。
四、把简单句与复合句或并列句合译成一个句子。
·The monorail is another kind of train used in busy places. The train hangs from a rail high above the streets and it carries people quickly in and out of the city.
单轨火车是交通繁忙地区所使用的另一种火车，它在街道上空的高架铁轨上行使，迅速地将人们运送进城来或送出城去。
·There are trains to carry people, trains to carry animals, and trains to carry things. There are fast trains, slow trains, trains that go under the ground, trains that go through mountains.
有运送旅客的火车，运载动物的火车，还有运载货物的火车；有快车，慢车；还有地下火车和穿山火车。
·I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore. I have amused myself by now and then finding a smooth pebble or a pretty shell, but the great ocean of truth still lies before me unknown and unexplored.
看来我只像个在海边玩耍的孩子，不时拣起一块小小的光滑卵石，或是一片美丽的贝壳，自娱自乐，而横在我面前的真理的海洋，却还有待于发现和探索。
·A year later, in 1996, I had the operation on my left hand. Now, although my fingers aren’t perfectly straight, they’re supple and work wonderfully. And there’s no more pain.
一年以后，也就是在1990年，我的左手动了手术。虽说现在我的10个手指还不能完全挺直，但已能伸屈自如、行动灵活了，而且也不再感到疼痛。
·One may have to learn to live wit h pain, but there’s one thing you never have to live without. Hope.
一个人可能必须学会忍受痛苦活下去，但有一样东西是你活着决不能缺的，那就是希望。
SENTENCE TRANSLATION
1．It was on the early morning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were briefed in the ready room. 2．I’m blest if I know.
3．When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 4．From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea.
5．There are many people who want to see the film.
6．Oxygen is a gas which unites with many substances.
7．When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.
8．If we do a thing, we should do it well.
9．The time was 10:30, and the traffic on the street was light.
10．In 1884 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.
答案：第一部分：分译法
1．他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
2．现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不依的态度回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。
3．这座桥是1192年修建的，已经有七百多年的历史了。
4．能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
5．他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。
6．大自然在这个季节里显得特别纯洁，令人特别赏心悦目。
7．第一声电话铃响过几秒钟之后，海伦玛琦拿起电话筒。听到艾伦找琼接电话，她的声音流露出迷茫。
8．所谓“摇钱树”的演员就是指这样一种演员：制片人只需抬出其大名来就可以筹措到足够摄制影片的经费。
9．在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。
10．中国人似乎为他们经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
长句的翻译
A
1. With Steven Chu and Cui Qi receiving the Nobel Prize in the last two years, here has been
much discussion in the newspapers and magazines on why there hasn’t been any prizewinning work done on Chinese soil.
2. This is an important issue to be discussed.
3. However, china then was isolated from the rest of the world, thus it did not receive the
Nobel Prize for this feat.
4. I am of the view that this is only a matter of time.
5. I believe that there will be a Chinese Nobel Prize winner in biology and medicine within
the next decade.
6. Modern biology and medicine are vast fields of knowledge with many avenues to explore.
It is not easy to break into these fields.
7. In the near future, I believe we would be elated by the news of an ethnic Chinese scientist
being awarded a biology or medical Nobel Prize.
8. Development in the basic sciences is extremely rapid, but to catch up with and surpass the
world-class research institutes is a difficult task.
9. However, from the history of the development has been achieved in a very short period of
time. With such rapid pace of development, I believe that there will be a Nobel Prize winning work on Chinese soil within the next 20 years.
10. I hope I will live to see that day.
B
1. Recently a lot of emphasis has been placed on the functions (功能意念) of language and many writers and teachers have suggested that they should form the basis for a language
learning syllabus(大纲) rather than the traditional grammatical item such as the present simple, present continuous and past simple, for example.
2. In insurance, the party who insures others against loss or damage and undertakes to make payment in case of loss is called the insurer; the party who is insured against loss and to whom payment covering the lose will be made is the insured.
第二部分：合译法
1．一九七一年四月二日清晨，飞机驾驶员都在待命室接受飞行任务。
2．我一点也不知道。
3．我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。
4．阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨人海。
5．有很多人想看这部电影。.
6．氧是一种能和许多物质化合的气体。
7．我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃东西。
8．我们要干就要干好。
9．10点30分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。
10．在一八四四年恩格斯与马克斯相遇并成了朋友。
新视野大学英语翻译答案
汉译英 Unit1 1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充足的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。（no matter how） No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech ，you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关系吉米一样，吉米也关系他们（just as） Just as all his sister ’ s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them 3.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。（track down）Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。（tell on） If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。（on one’s own） Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。（reckon with） Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. Unit2 1.被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2.总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron . 3正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4.考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并立刻咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. Unit3 1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2..教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划，他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one ’ s study after graduatin g from university instead of going to work directly. 4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5.据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。
上海交大版应用型大学英语综合教程-第3册-unit-1课文翻译与练习答案解读
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大学英语翻译技巧 7
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新视野大学英语第三版第一册课后翻译答案.doc
新视野大学第三版book1英语课后翻译答案 Unit1 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage”. His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analectshas had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years’traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius’thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. Unit2 圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在12月25日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元336年。渐渐地，这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现代流行的圣诞接风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival-the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival, all expressing people’s love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.
应用型大学英语综合教程课后翻译练
Unit 1 1. As she was about to walk into the elevator she noticed two men alreadyaboard. 她正要走进电梯时，看到电梯里已经有两位男乘客。 2.Her hesitation about joining them in the elevator was all too obvious now.Her face was flushed. 要不要进去和他们同乘一部电梯？她迟疑不决的态度已经太过明显了。她涨得满脸通红。 3. The one who said it had a little trouble getting the words out. He wastrying mightily to hold in a belly laugh. 说这话的人有点费力才把话说完，尽力忍住没有放声大笑。 4. How do youapologize to two perfectly respectable gentlemen for behaving as though they were going to rob you? 把两位绝对体面正派的绅士看作劫匪，如何请求他们的谅解？ 5. The woman brushed herself off. She pulled herself together and wentdownstairs for dinner with her husband. 把两位绝对体面正派的绅士看作劫匪，如何请求他们的谅解？ 1. Tom Long _____________________________ (向花园里的一草一木道别) as hewept tears. bid goodbye to everything in the garden 2. She was clear-headed (头脑清醒的) and ____________________________(从不出洋相). never made a spectacle of herself
大学英语六级翻译技巧及专项练习讲解
翻译题应试技巧 汉语主动句译成英语被动句 我们在汉译英时，往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。这是因为：为了保证上下文连贯，使衔接更紧密，句子更自然；或强调动作承受者；或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。具体转换方法有如下两种。 1）把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。 例1 ____________（将领你们去参观我们的新车间）by the secretary. 译文：Y ou will be shown our new workshop. 简评：如果这句话不是划线填内容，你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子，这就给翻译带来了一定的难度，你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分：by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征，"秘书"在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以，题目是暗示我们要把原句中"你们"转换成译句里的主语，这样才符合出题要求。 例2 Y ou __________（我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动）this time. 译文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns. 简评：根据题目可推知全句意思是：我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是：我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头，也就是说"你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动"。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语，这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是：Y ou are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time. 2）当汉语句以"我们"、"人们"、"大家"等泛指性代词作主语时，在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译，并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有know，see，find，say，suppose，estimate，report，suggest，stress，consider，expect，admit，point，understand 等动词。 例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。 译文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged. 简评：这句话是一个条件从句。即：在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下，这个电子带正电荷。"我们就说这个原子带正电荷"可理解为"这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷"。那么根据前面所说的原则，我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语"我们"省略不译，并使用被动语态。 从这个例子里我们还可以看出，在科技文章中，根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态，以强调事物的客观性。 例4 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。 译文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion. 简评：这句话可以按原文译成主动态，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译--All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言，被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施已经付诸实施，all kinds of measures得到强调，而主动态译法只是平铺直叙，重点不突出。
大学英语翻译答案
Unit1 1. 背离传统需要极大的勇气。(departure, enormous) {It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.} 2. 汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。(performance, bold) {Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.} 3. 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 (creative, desirable) {Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.} 4. 假设（assume）那幅画确实是名作（masterpiece），你觉得值得购买吗？(worthwhile) {Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it's worthwhile to buy / purchase it?} 5. 如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。(throw light on , investigate, valid) {If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.} Unit2 1) 该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。(deny, commercial) {The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.} 2) 每当他生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。(stammer) {Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.} 3) 教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。(cherish) {Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.} 4) 手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。(shortly after, go through) {Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.} 5) 与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的需求。(affluent, minimal) {In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.} Unit3 1) 科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？(proof) {Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?} 2) 计划委员会已经将建核电厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。(location, narrow down) {The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.} 3) 任何一个有尊严的人都不会一辈子依靠社会救济过活。(welfare)
应用型大学英语第四册unit2 参考译文
Text: A white heron 白鹭 1 The forest was full of shadows as a little girl hurried through it one summer evening in June. It was already eight o’clock and Sylvia wondered if her grandmother would be angry with her for being so late. 2 Every evening Sylvia left her grandmother’s house at five thirty to bring their cow home. It was Sylvia’s job to bring the animal home to be milked. When the cow heard Sylvia’s voice calling her, she would hide among the bushes. 1 六月的一个黄昏，森林里树影婆娑，一个小女孩正在其中匆匆穿行。已经是晚上八点了，西尔维娅想，这么晚回家，外婆会不会生气呢？ 2 每天傍晚五点半，西尔维娅就离开外婆家去把母牛牵回家。她的活就是把这头牲口赶回家挤奶。母牛听到西尔维娅叫她的声音时，老是躲到灌木丛中去。 3 This evening it had taken Sylvia longer than usual to find her cow. The child hurried the cow through the dark forest, toward her grandmother’s home. As the cow stopped at a small stream to drink, Sylvia put her bare feet in the cold, fresh water of the stream. 4 She had never before been alone in the forest as late as this. Sylvia felt as if she were a part of the gray shadows and the silver leaves that moved in the evening breeze. 3 这天晚上，西尔维娅花了比平时更长的时间才找到母牛。小女孩赶着牛，匆匆穿过阴暗的树林，向外婆家走去。母牛在一条小溪边停下来饮水时，西尔维娅就把她的光脚浸在冰凉清澈的溪水中。 4 她以前从未这么晚还独自一人呆在林子里。西尔维娅觉得自己仿佛与灰暗的树影和在晚风中摇曳的银色树叶融为一体了。 5 It was only a year ago that she came to her grandmother’s farm. Before that, she had lived with her mother and father in a dirty, crowded factory town. One day, Sylvia’s grandmother had visited them and had chosen Sylvia from all her brothers and sisters to come help her on her farm in Vermont. 5 她是一年前才来到外婆的农场。之前，她和父母住在一个肮脏拥挤的工业小镇。一天，西尔维娅的外婆来看望他们，在西尔维娅所有的兄弟姐妹中挑中了她，把她带回佛蒙特州的农场做帮手。 6 The cow finished drinking, and as the nine-year-old child hurried through the forest, the air was suddenly cut by a sharp whistle not far away. Sylvia knew it wasn’t a friendly bird’s whistle. She forgot the cow and hid in some bushes. But she was too late. 7 “Hello, little girl,”a young man called out cheerfully. “How far is it to the main road?”Sylvia was trembling as she whispered “two miles”. She came out of the bushes and looked up into the face of a tall young man carrying a gun. 6 母牛喝完水后，这个九岁的小女孩继续在林中匆匆前行。突然，不远处传来一声尖锐的口哨声，打破了林中的宁静。西尔维娅知道，这不是鸟儿亲切的啼鸣。于是她不顾母牛，躲进了一丛灌木，但是已经太晚了。 7 “嗨，小姑娘，这儿离大路有多远啊？”一个年轻人高兴地喊道。西尔维娅浑身颤抖，低声嗫嚅道：“两英里。”她从灌木丛中钻出来，抬头看到一个高高的小伙子，手里拿着一杆枪。 8 The stranger began walking with Sylvia as she followed her cow through the forest. “I’ve been hunting for birds,”he explained, “but I’ve lost my way. Do you think I can spend the night at your house?”Sylvia didn’t answer. She was glad she could see her grandmother standing near the door of the farm house. 8 西尔维娅继续赶着母牛穿过森林，陌生人跟着她走。“我是来寻找鸟的，”他解释道，“但
大学英语翻译教学_现状与对策
大学英语翻译教学:现状与对策 李忠华 (东莞理工学院外语系,广东东莞 523808) 摘 要:基于对不同版本5大学英语教学大纲6之解读,文章对当前我国面向大学英语的翻译教学之现状进行了综合性分析,针对目前翻译教学中存在的问题探讨了相应的对策。 关键词:大学英语翻译教学;问题;对策 Abstr act:This paper i ntends to present a comprehensive analysis of the present situation i n the teaching of trans lation to non-English majors in Ch i na on the basis of analyzing different versions of College English Teaching Syllabus,and to discuss current problems in the teaching of translation to non-English maj ors and constructive countermeasures. Key Wor ds:teaching of translation to non_English maj ors;problems;countermeasures 中图分类号:H059 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-6038(2007)09-0047-03 1.引言 英语翻译教学中存在的问题随着英语学习者的反应、翻译水平和能力测试的反馈信息以及用人单位的反馈意见而逐渐浮现。罗选民(2002)按照学习者的专业属性把翻译的教学对象分为大学翻译教学和专业翻译教学两大类别。为了避免概念混淆,笔者把前者称之为大学英语翻译教学,后者为英语专业翻译教学。目前,英语翻译教学关注的焦点集中在后者,即英语专业翻译教学,而前者却处于翻译教学与研究之边缘地带。本文拟就我国大学英语翻译教学的现状进行分析,并探讨其对策。 2.大学英语翻译教学现状 目前,大学英语翻译教学处于英语翻译教学研究之边缘地带。此现状从我国翻译界学者们关于德利尔(Jean Deli sle)所提出的/翻译教学0(Pedagogy of Translation)与/教学翻译0(Pedagogical T ransla 2tion)之辩论即可窥其一斑。关于上述争议,普遍的观点是:翻译教学的重心为翻译技巧与知识之传授,旨在培养翻译之专才;而教学翻译被视为外语教学手段之一,旨在帮助学生掌握相关语言点,从而提高其外语水平。诚然,翻译教学与教学翻译在关注的重点方面的确存在差异。然而,在我国翻译教学研究领域普遍存在的一种观点是:/教学翻译指语言教学中的中外互译,它对译文的要求较低,比较适合与翻译专业课之外的其他形式的外语教学;而作为教学目的的翻译教学则是专业的,它对译文的要求较高0(罗选民,2002)。众所周知,在我国的英语教学中,教学翻译主要应用于大学英语教学而很少应用于英语专业教学。笔者以为,译界学者之重翻译教学而轻教学翻译的态度有将教学翻译边缘化之嫌。事实上,教学翻译的确被边缘化,甚至有研究者有失偏颇地将翻译教学之不良影响归咎于教学翻译(裴剑波,2003)。 教学翻译边缘化的直接影响之一就是大学英语翻译教学在翻译教学领域的边缘化。不仅如此,在大学英语教学领域,翻译教学也被边缘化了。首先,作为指导及检查大学英语教学的纲领性文件5大学英语教学大纲6,对于翻译教学并没有给予足够的重视。我国大学英语教学发展的进程中主要有四部教学大纲:即5大学英语教学大纲6(高等学校理工本科用)(1985年版,后简称5理工科大纲6)、5大学英语教学大纲6(高等学校文理科本科用)(1986年版,后简称5文理科大纲6)、5大学英语教学大纲(修订本)6(高等学校本科用)(1999年版,以下简称5新大纲6)和5大学英语课程教学要求(试行)6(2004年版)。在上述四部教学大纲中,5理工科大纲6指出大学英语教学目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力,一定的听和译的能力,并根据大学英语教学基础阶段和专业阅读两个阶段的差异,对学生在翻译能力 方面给出了具体的规定。然而,1986年版的5文理科大纲6则只是强调语言基础教学,强调培养学生的阅读和听的能力,而对学生在翻译方面的能力却没有提出任何要求。1999年版的5新大纲6在其教学目的中重新提及了培养学生的翻译能力,其重点仍然为培养学生具有较强的阅读能力和一定的听、说、读、写、译能力,尽管在翻译能力方面它要求兼顾到学生英译汉和汉译英两方面的能力。5新大纲6的一个亮点是针对大学英语教学的不同的阶段对学生的翻译能力提出了不同的具体的要求。2004年版5大学英语课程教学要求(试行)6的教学目标集中在培养学生的英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力方面。它与5新大纲6在对学生翻译能力培养方面的一个共同之处就是根据大学英语教学的一般要求、较高要求和更高要求等三个层次的不同分别提出了不同的具体要求。从上述教学大纲内容分析不难看出,翻译教学在大学英语教学中处于边缘化地位。 3.大学英语的翻译教学中存在的问题 翻译教学在大学英语教学中的边缘化,使得大学英语翻译教学所面临的问题日益凸现。 1翻译课程的设置处于尴尬的境地。据笔者不完全统计,面向作者简介:李忠华(1972-),讲师,硕士,研究方向:应用语言学,翻译研究收稿日期:2007-04-25(修改稿) 2007年第9期总第222期外语与外语教学 Foreign Languages and Their Teaching 2007,l 9 Serial l 222
(完整版)大学英语翻译答案-1
大学英语（B）1翻译练习参考译文 1、元宵节是春节后的第一个重要节日。元宵节的习俗在全国各地不尽相同，其 中赏花灯（lanterns exhibits）、猜灯谜、吃元宵等是几项最常见的民间习俗。据说， 吃元宵的习俗起源于汉代，唐宋时期开始盛行。如今，元宵已成为人们的日常饮 食之一，在超市一年四季都可以买到。 The Yuanxiao Festival is the first important festival after the Spring Festival. Although customs of the festival vary from region to region, the most common ones include appreciating lantern exhibits, trying to solve riddles written on lanterns, and eating yuanxiao. It is said that the custom of eating yuanxiao originated from the Han Dynasty and became popular during the Tang and Song periods. Nowadays, yuanxiao has become a food in people’s daily life, which is available in supermarkets a ll the year round. 8、如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好的工作。造成这一现象的原因如下： 首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科的学习上，只有当他们开始 找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的专业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也 越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。 Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons f or this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. 7、杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一，已有两千多年的历史。这个城市不仅以自 然美闻名于世，而且有着传统的文化魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客（men of letters） 的题咏，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。一般来说，游览杭州西湖及其周边景 点花上两天较为合适。到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受。 Hangzhou, one of China’s six ancient capital cities, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of cultural traditions. Besides many poems and inscriptions by men of letters through the dynasties, it also boasts local delicacies and pretty handicrafts. Generally speaking, a two-day tour of West Lake and scenic spots around it is advisable for a tourist. As a tourist, you will find it a pleasant and culturally rewarding trip to Hangzhou. 6、说到中国古代的科技文明（civilization），人们自然就会想到“四大发明”，即 指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。这四种发明是古代先进科技的象征，具有重大 的历史意义。它们对中国古代政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用， 也对世界的文明进程产生了巨大影响。 Speaking of ancient Chinese civilization in science and technology, people will naturally think of the Four Great Inventions, namely the compass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing. These four inventions are symbols of ancient China’s