研究生英语阅读教程第三版(提高级)课后翻译

1 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have.

说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。

2 Lest you should ever forget the smallness of being human, the iconic Mount Fuji, instantly

recognisable yet somehow different on every viewing, is an extinct volcano.

唯恐你会忘记作为人类的渺小，标志性富士山，一眼即能认出但不知何故每次观看又呈现出不同景象，就是一座死火山。

3 It surprised me, over the following months that the gas attack seemed to dominate the national media coverage, whereas Kobe, after the initial weeks of horrifying footage, slipped somewhat int o the background.

在随后的几个月里，让我吃惊的是毒气攻击似乎占据了国家媒体报道的主要内容，而阪神大地震经过了最初几周骇人听闻的电视报道后，已经退居次位了。

4 Rather than immersing ourselves in the language of horror films and the end of the world, when the time is right to try to glimpse this new territory, we might for thought reach for a book by Japan's most popular contemporary novelist.

我们不能沉浸在恐怖片和世界末日的语言中，在适合的时间，如果想要了解这一新的领域，我们可以考虑看看日本最流行的现代小说家的一本书。

5 But we should resist the temptation to imagine panicking hordes buying up all the food and fleeing the capital as the next part of our horror narrative.

但是，我们不应该总想着成群结队恐慌的人们抢空所有食物，远离首都，把这些当初恐怖故事的下一个情节。

1 Bill Clinton was hard to miss in the autumn of 1970. He arrived at Yale Law School looking more like a Viking than a Rhodes Scholar returning from two years at Oxford.. He was tall and handsome somewhere beneath that reddish brown beard and curly mane of hair. He also had a vitality that seemed to shoot out of his pores.

1970年秋天，你想不注意比尔-克林顿也不容易。他来到耶鲁大学法学院时,看上去像一个北欧海盗，而不像一个在牛津大学呆了两年后回国的罗兹奖学金获得者。他身材高大，他那棕红色的胡子和卷曲而浓密的头发使他显得很帅气。他浑身充满了活力。当我第一次在法学院的学生休息室里见到他时，正对着一帮全神贯注的同学滔滔不绝地讲着什么。

2 The way bill tells the story, he couldn’t remember his own name.

在比尔讲述这段事情的版本中他说他当时都想不起来自己叫什么名字了。

3 To this day, he can astonish me with the connections he weaves between ideas and words and how he makes it all sound like music.

直到现在我还常为他敏捷的思维和恰如其分的用词，以及他如何能够将要表达的思想说得那么动听而感到惊讶不已。

4 One of the first things I noticed about Bill was the shape of his hands. His wrists are narrow and his fingers tapered and deft, like those of a pianist or a surgeon. When we first met as students, I loved watching him turn the papes of a book. Now his hands are showing signs of age after thousands of handshakes and golf swings and miles of signatures. They are, like their owner, weathered but still expressive, attractive and resilient.

我首先注意到的是比尔的手的形状。他的手腕不粗’手指修长而灵巧，就像一双钢琴家或外科医生的手。学生时代我们第一次见面时，我就喜欢他用手翻书的样子。如今他的手已因成千上万次的握手,打高尔夫球和无数次的签名而增添了岁月的痕迹。它们和他们的主人一样’虽经历风雨却依然充满表现力,魅力与活力。

5 I still didn’t know where I would live and what I would do because my interests in child advocacy and civil rights didn’t dictate a particular path.

我还不知道自己将来会住在哪里和要做什么，因为我在儿童权益促进和民权方面的兴趣尚未为我指明一条明确的道路。

6 The prospect of driving from one southern state to another convincing democrats both to support McGovern and to oppose Nixon’s policy in Vietnam excited him.

一想到能够驾车穿梭在南方各州之间来说服民主党人既支持麦克戈文，又反对尼克松的越战政策就使他非常激动。

7 We both had to work to pay our way through law school,on top of the student loans we had taken out.

尽管我们都获得了学生贷款，但是我们俩还是不得不打些工来完成法学院的学习。

1 John Forbes Nash, Jr.---mathematical genius, inventor of a theory of rational behavior, visionary of the thinking machine---had been sitting with his visitor, also a mathematician, for nearly half an hour.

小约翰?福布斯?纳什---数学天才、|理性行为理论的缔造者、预见思想机器出现的预言家---已经和来访者，也是一位数学家，共坐了将近半个小时。

2 He had been staring dully at a spot immediately in front of the left foot of Harvard professor George Mackey，hardly moving except to brush his long dark hair away from his forehead in a fitful, repetitive motion.

他一直目光呆滞地盯着哈佛教授乔治麦克恩左脚前方不远的地方，除了一次次重复着将垂在前额的略长的黑发拨开的动作，他几乎一动不动。

3 Over the next decade, a decade as notable for its supreme faith in human rationality as for its dark anxieties about mankind’s survival, Nash proved himself, in the words of the eminent geometer Mikhail Gromov, “the most remarkable mathematician of the second half of the century”.

在未来十年，在那既以对人类理性抱有无尚信念而著称，又以对人类生存怀有无尽忧虑而闻名的十年，纳什，用知名几何学家米克哈尔格罗莫夫的话说，证明了自己是20世纪后半叶最杰出的数学家。

4 Geniuses, the mathematician Paul Halmos wrote, “are of two kinds: the ones who are just like all of us, but very much more so, and the ones who, apparently, have an extra human spark. We can all run, and some of us can run the mile in less than 4 minutes; but there is nothing that most of us can do that compares with the creation of the Great G-minor Fugue”. Nash’s genius was of that mysterious variety more often associated with music and are than with the oldest of all sciences.

数学家保罗?哈莫斯写道，天才“分为两种：一种就像我们大家一样，只是更为出色；另一种则是那些明显具备超凡人类灵感的人。我们都能跑步，有些人还能在四分钟内跑完一英里；但是我们所做的一切无论如何也无法与创作出G小调赋格曲相提并论。”纳什的天分就属于那种常与音乐和艺术而非与最古老的科学紧密相连的神奇异禀。

5 Compulsively rational, he wished to turn life’s decisions---whether to take the first elevator or wait for the next one, where to bank his money, what job to accept, whether to marry---into calculations of advantage and disadvantage, algorithms or mathematical rules divorced from emotion, convention, and tradition.

他具有一种难以抑制的理性，希望将生活中的决定---是搭乘第一部电梯还是等待下一部，到哪里存钱接受什么样的工作是否结婚---都转化为利弊得失的计算，转化为完全脱离感情、习俗和传统的算法法则或数学规则。

6 His remoteness was punctuated by flights of garrulousness about outer space and geopolitical trends，childish pranks，and unpredictable eruptions of anger. But these outbursts were，more often than not, as enigmatic as his silences. “He is not one of us” was a constant refrain.

他一贯冷漠，但一时兴起也会喋喋不休地谈论外太空和地缘政治趋势，或做出孩子般的恶作剧，或者毫无征兆地勃然大怒。这些情感的迸发总是和他的沉默一样神秘莫测。他和我们不一样。是人们常说的一句话。

7 Nash’s insight into the dynamics of human rivalry---his theory of rational conflict and cooperation---was to become one of the most influential ideas of the twentieth century, transforming the young science of natural selection, and Newton’s celestial mechanics reshaped biology and physics in their day.

纳什对于人类竞争动态变化的洞察---他的理性竞争与合作理论---将会成为20世纪最具影响的思想理论之一.这一理论改变着新兴的经济学，其作用无异于孟德尔的基因遗传，达尔文的自然选择模式和牛顿的天体力学再造了当时的生物学和物理学。

1 This Christmas season finds us a rather bewildered human race. We have neither peace within nor peace without. Everywhere paralyzing fears harrow people by day and haunt them by night. Our world is sick war; everywhere we turn we see its ominous possibilities. And yet, my friends, the Christmas hope for peace and goodwill toward all men can no longer be dismissed as a kind of pious dream of some utopian.

今年圣诞时节，人们困惑惶恐，内心无法宁静，外部没有和平。无论身置何处，恐慌昼夜萦绕于胸，无论走到哪里，战争的阴霾时时笼罩天空。我们这个世界已烟卷了战争，无论何处都危机四伏。各位教友，即便如此，我们不能把祈求和平、善待众人的基督圣训视作不切实际的虔诚美梦。

2 If we don’t have goodwill toward men in this world, we will destroy ourselves by the misuse of our own instruments and our own power. Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete. There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the very destructive power of modern weapons of warfare eliminates even the possibility that war may any longer serve as a negative good.

如果不能友善待人，我们所有和所能必将由于使用不当而使我们走向自我毁灭。历史的经验告诉我们，战争早已过时。曾几何时，战争或有以毒攻毒之效，可以遏制邪恶势力的蔓延与发展，然而正是现代战争利器的巨大破坏力，使它再不能被视作匡扶邪恶的正义之举。

3 Now let me suggest first that if we are to have peace on earth, our loyalties must become ecumenical rather than sectional. Our loyalties must transcend our race, our tribe, our class, and our nation; and this means we must develop a world perspective.

现在，我首先要说的是，要想世界和平，我们就必须忠于芸芸，而不是忠于一隅。我们的忠心必须超越我们的种族和部落，超越我们的阶层和国家；这就意味着我们必须放眼世界。

4 Now let me say, secondly, that if we are to have peace in the world, men and nations must embrace the nonviolent affirmation that ends and means must cohere. One of the great philosophical debates of history has been over the whole question of means and ends. And there have always been those who argued that the end justifies the means, that the means really aren’t important. The important thing is to get to the end, you see.

其次，我呼吁，要实现世界和平，所有众人、所有国家必须坚守非暴力信念，坚信目的、手段必须互渗互连。手段与目的的关系一直是历史上颇有争议的重大哲学问题。总有人认为只要目的正确，可以不择手段，重要的是要达到目的。

5 Now let me say that the next thing we must be concerned about if we are to have peace on earth and goodwill toward men is the nonviolent affirmation of the sacredness of all human life. Every man is the somebody because he is a child of God. And so when we say ” Thou shall not kill, ”we’re really saying that human life is too sacred to be taken on the battlefields of the world.. Man is more than a tiny vagary of whirling electrons or wisp of smoke from a limitless smoldering.

再之，我要说，若想世界和平、世人和睦，必须以非暴力申明所有人的生命都是神圣的。每个人都很重要，因为他们都是上帝之子，因此，我们说“勿杀生”，是指人的生命是神圣的，不应在战场上被轻易夺走。人的生命远非旋转电子构成的奇妙之物，也不是无尽燃烧的焖火中升起的一缕轻烟。

1. Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence. And the moon has gifts to bestow upon those who watch.

但无论怎样，月亮依旧牵动我们的心灵。倘若我们偶尔遇见一轮黄灿灿的满月高悬中天，谁都会禁不住停下来凝神仰望她尊贵的姿容。而月亮也向注视她的人赐予厚礼。

2. But as the moon lifted off the ridge it gathered firmness and authority. Its complexion changed from red, to orange, to gold, to impassive yellow. It seemed to draw light out of the darkening earth, for as it rose, the hills and valleys below grew dimmer. By the time the moon stood clear of the horizon, full chested and round and color of ivory, the valleys were deep shadows in the landscape.

然而当月亮缓缓升起，离开山头，它变得坚定、威严；它的面孔也由红变成了橘红，又变成金色，最后是平静的明黄色。它似乎从渐暗的大地中吸取了光明，因为随着它的升起，下面的丘陵山谷愈来愈黯淡朦胧。待到皓月当空，满月如盘，闪烁着象牙般乳白的清辉，山谷便成了风景中一片片幽深的阴影。

3. Moonrise is slow and serried with subtleties. To watch it, we must slip into an older, more patient sense of time. To watch the moon move inexorably higher is to find an unusual stillness within ourselves. Our imaginations become aware of the vast distances of space, the immensity of the earth and the huge improbability of our own existence. We feel small but privileged.

月出是缓慢的，充满神奇。观看月出，我们得回到过去那种对时间的耐心中去。观看月亮不可阻挡地升到空中就能让我们内心安宁，我们的神思能让我们看到宇宙的广漠和大地的宽阔，能让我们忘掉自己。我们觉得自身渺小，却又深感大自然的厚待。

4. Moonlight shows us none of life’s harder edges. Hillsides seem silken and silvery, the oceans still and blue in its light. In moonlight we become less calculating, more drawn to our feelings.

月色下，我们看不到生活中坚硬的棱角。山坡在月光下如同笼上了柔和的轻纱，一片银白；海水在月光下碧蓝而静谧；我们在月光下也不再像白日那般精于算计，而是沉醉于自然的情感中。

5. I return often to the rising moon. I am drawn especially when events crowd ease and clarity of vision into a small corner of my life.

后来我常回到山上观月，尤其是在接踵而来的事使我身心疲惫、头晕眼花时。

6. Lovers and poets find deeper meaning at night. We are all apt to pose deeper questions-about our origins and destinies. We indulge in riddles, rather than in the impersonal geometries that govern the daylit world. We become philosophers and mystics.

恋人和诗人在夜里能找到生活更深刻的意义。其实我们都爱问一些深刻的问题——我们的祖先是什么？我们的命运在哪里!我们不喜欢那些统治着白天世界的刻板的几何教科书，都愿意沉溺于永远找不到答案的谜团中。在夜里，我们都成了哲人和神秘主义者。

7. At moonrise, as we slow our minds or the pace of the heavens, enchantment steals over us. We open the vents of feeling and exercise parts of our minds that reason locks away by day. We hear, across the distances, murmurs of ancient hunters and see anew the visions of poets and lovers of

月出之时，当我们放慢自己的思想，让它跟随天国的脚步，一种心醉神迷的感觉就会流遍全身。我们会打开情感的窗口，会让白天被理智锁住的那部分思绪尽情奔涌。我们有越过遥远的时空，听见远古猎人的低语’再次看到很久以前的恋人与诗人眼中的世界。

Lesson 11

1 Take another look at those cables: They snake into the back of the computer and then out again, terminating in a cap on the monkey’s head, where they receive signals from hundreds of electrodes buried in its brain. The monkey is directing the robot with its thoughts.

再看看那些电缆。电缆弯弯曲曲地进入计算机后盖，然后又出来，最后到达猕猴头上的帽子里。电缆从埋在猕猴大脑里的数百个电极接收信号，猕猴用思维向机器手臂发出指令。

2 For decades scientists have pondered, speculated on, and poor-poohed the possibility of a direct interface between a brain and a machine---only in the late 1990s did scientists start learning enough about the brain and signal-processing to offer glimmers of hope that this science-fiction vision could become reality.

几十年来，科学家就一直在思索、推测大脑和机器直接联系的可能性，但都认为这不切实际。只是到了20世纪90年代末，科学家才开始充分地了解大脑与信号处理的有关知识，从而出现了使科幻小说的幻象变成现实的希望的曙光。

3 The notion of decoding the brain’s commands can seem, on the face of it, to be pure hubris. How could any computer eavesdrop on all the going-on that take place in there every moment of ordinary life?

解码大脑指令的想法乍看起来可能像是十足的狂妄自大。计算机怎么能窃听日常生活每时每刻发生在大脑甩的全部活动呢？

4 But most researchers assumed that each type of movement was governed by a specific handful of the brain’s billions of neurons---the need to monitor the whole brain in order to find those few would make the successful decoding a practical impossibility.

但是，大多数研究人员认为，每种类型的运动都是靠大脑几十亿神经元中一些少数特定的神经元来控制的---为了找到那些少数神经元而需要监测整个大脑则会使成功的解码变为实际办不到的事。

5 Thus everything that was known at the time suggested that brain-machine interfaces were a fool’s errand. Everything, it turned out, was wrong.

因此，那时知道的一切表明，使脑-机联系是徒劳无益之举。结果证明，那一切都是错误的。

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Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。

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Lesson 8 IV. Translation Put the following into Chinese. 1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it. 每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices. 结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas? 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established. 一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 V. Oral Practice and Discussion 1. How was music used during World War II and during the Vietnam War? 2. Describe peacetime uses of music. 3. List the major effects and functions of music. 4. Identify the basic issues in the FCC regulatory position. 5. What problems do you foresee in the development of record labeling plans? 6. Adaptation of popular or favorite songs is a persuasive tactic. Where is this technique used today? Cite several examples. (Hint: Advertising commercials) 7. If music shapes our perceptions and attitudes, then, should we be forced to listen to music in public places such as restaurants and shopping malls? 8. Are there other effects of music not included in this article?

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