2012版自考英语二课文中英文对照

第1课Text A

Text A Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

批判性地阅读

批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。

Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value(完全地, 以面值/表象). Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if (=whether) the author has integrated the work of authorities.

质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。

Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。

Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the

assumption is valid.

分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。

Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。

Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with "a grain of salt" （有保留地）.

甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。

第1课Text B

The Language of Confidence

The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.

自信的语言

语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。

Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.

再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。

"Try"

It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that", you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into(全身心投入于) it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?

“尽力”

这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事，甚至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用了“尽力”这个词?你是否说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?

Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to… " and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do…" and see how you feel.

想一件你想完成的事情，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说“我会尽力去做……”，然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我要做……”，然后看你又会有什么感受。

The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try, notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.

后一种方式给你的感受要比前一种好，不是吗?它给你一种坚定感，一种事情一定会完成的感觉。听听你身边的人怎么说，如果他们说他们会尽力，看看事情最后是不是完成了。从你的词典里删除“尽力”这个词，看看你的生活会如何改善。

"Can't"

This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.

“不能”

这又是一个简单却影响巨大的词。它让我们失去力量，让我们感到脆弱与无助，让我们的自尊心受到伤害。它限制了我们无限的才能，扼杀了我们的创造力。把这个词从你内心的词典里擦去吧，换一个让你感到伟大的词。

Instead of (=Rather than) saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose…" or "I choose not to…". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.

不要说你“不能”，为什么不换一个别的说法，比如“我选择……”或者“我选择不……”。使用这些词能让你恢复力量，掌控自己的生活。

Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.

一些词语或许看似简单、微不足道，却能对我们产生深刻而持久的影响。掌握你的语言能让你获得力量去实现你渴望的生活。

What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous(极好的), not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!

你使用过哪些让你失去力量的词? 列出你常用的这类词，然后在旁边写出它们的替代词。让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧!

第2课Text A

Spilt Milk

Have you heard of the story about spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.

打翻的牛奶

你是否听过打翻的牛奶的故事?我们都知道为已经打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。不过这次的故事不同。我希望所有父母都能作出如此回应。

I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?

最近我听到一个故事，故事的主角是一个在医学领域取得多项重大突破的知名科学家。在一次报社记者对他的采访中，记者问他为什么他比普通人更富有创造力，是什么让他如此与众不同。

He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother

that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor — a veritable (十足的) sea of milk!

他回答道，在他看来，这全部源于他两岁时和妈妈的一次共同的经历。他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是——白花花的一片。

When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, "Robert, what a great wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"

他妈妈走进厨房时，没有对他大吼大叫，没有训斥他或惩罚他，而是对他说：“罗伯特，瞧你把地板弄得，多么的壮观啊!我几乎从未见过这么大的一摊牛奶。噢，既然损失已经造成了，你要不要下来玩一会牛奶我们再打扫?”

Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.

他真的在一地的牛奶上玩了一会儿。几分钟后，妈妈又说：“罗伯特，你要知道，每次像这样搞得一团糟，最终还是要收拾干净，让一切恢复原位。所以，你看该怎么打扫好呢?我们可以使用一块海绵、一条毛巾或者一个拖把。你喜欢用哪一个呢?”他选择了海绵，并和妈妈一起把地板上的牛奶打扫干净。

His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!

他妈妈接着对他说：“你知道，今天我们实际上做了个实验——如何用两只小手稳妥地端一个大的牛奶瓶，可惜我们的实验失败了。那我们去后院继续做实验吧，给瓶子里装上水，看看你能不能发现用什么方法端这个瓶子它不会掉。”于是这个小男孩学会了用双手抓住瓶子上面靠近瓶盖的位置，这样端的时候瓶子就不会掉。多么美妙的一堂课!

The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about(真谛). Even if the experiment " doesn't work", we usually

learn something valuable from it.

这位著名的科学家谈论道，正是在那一刻他明白了无需害怕犯错误。相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。’即使实验“行不通”，我们往往也能从中得到一些宝贵的经验。

Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond （in）the way Robert's mother responded to him?

如果所有家长都像罗伯特的妈妈那样对待孩子该有多好啊。

第2课Text B

Text B The Cake

Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.

蛋糕

辛迪紧张地瞥了一眼挂在厨房墙壁上的时钟，还有5分钟就到午夜了。

"They should be home any time now," she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake she was frosting. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn't exactly an aesthetic triumph. The cake was…well, lumpy. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.

“现在，他们随时都会回来。”她一边想着，一边在巧克力蛋糕上抹上最后一些糖霜。这是她从小到大12年来第一次尝试制作蛋糕，完全是从头学起。不过说实话，蛋糕至少从审美角度说不算成功。这块蛋糕……嗯，看起来凹凸不平。糖霜是苦的，好像她把糖或者别的什么东西都用光了。当然，糖的确是用光了。

And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine a huge blender filled with all the fixings for chocolate cake —including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on. High speed. With the lid off. Do you get the idea?

再看看她把厨房搞成什么样了。想象一个巨大的搅拌机，里面盛着制作蛋糕的全部原料——包括必备的锅、碗及其他器皿。再想象一下这个搅拌机开动了，高速运转，盖子是打开着的。你能想象出这是什么样的场景吗?

But Cindy wasn't thinking about the mess. She had created something, a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE

to exploding.

但辛迪没有考虑这些混乱。她创造了某件东西，一只用面粉和糖做成的十足的凤凰正从厨房的一片狼藉中升起。她焦急地等待着父母约会后回来，以便她能将自己的周年纪念礼物送给他们。她关掉厨房的灯，在黑暗中兴奋地等待着。终于，她看见汽车头灯在闪烁，她在厨房门口站定。当她听到钥匙插进前门锁孔的声音时，她的心激动得几乎要蹦出来了!

Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that(不接受). She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: “Ta-daaa!" She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.

父母尽量放轻脚步，悄悄地走进门来，但辛迪可不管那些。她激动地用手指按下电灯开关，大声叫道：“看!”她庄严地向厨房的餐桌打了个手势，一个稍微有点不平衡的双层蛋糕正在等待着他们的检阅。

But her mother's eyes never made it all the way to the table. "Just look at this mess!" she moaned. "How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?"

但是母亲的眼睛压根儿就没有向餐桌那边看去。“看看你搞得什么啊!”母亲埋怨道，“我给你说了多少次吃完饭要随手收拾干净?”

"But Mom, I was only… "

"I should make you clean this up right now, but I'm too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right," her mother said. "So you'll do it first thing in the morning."

"Honey," Cindy's father interjected gently, "take a look at the table."

“可是妈妈，我只是……”

“我现在就想让你立刻收拾干净，但是今天太累了，没法熬夜监督你干活，”母亲说，“你明早起床第一件事就是收拾厨房。”

“亲爱的”，辛迪的父亲小声提醒道，“看看餐桌。”

"I know —it's a mess," his wife said coldly. "The whole kitchen is a disaster.

I can't stand to look at it." She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.

“我知道——餐桌上一团糟”，母亲冷冷地说，“整个厨房简直就是一场灾难。我实在是看不下去。”她气冲冲地上了楼梯，进了房间，砰的一声把门关上。

For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say（独立主格结构）. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. "She never saw the cake," she said.

辛迪和父亲静立片刻，两人都不知该说什么。最后辛迪抬头看着父亲，发红的眼睛里含着泪水。“她根本没看到蛋糕”，她说。

Unfortunately, Cindy's mother isn't the only parent who suffers from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma（青光眼）—the occasional inability to see the forest for the

trees. From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seems awfully important right now, but isn't. Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place among life's frustrations. But what's a little mud —even on new carpet —compared to a child's self-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster's emerging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?

不幸的是，辛迪的母亲不是唯一一个这样的父母，他们患有情景性森林青光眼——临时性地只见树木不见森林。由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情，我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。沾上泥的鞋、丢了的午餐费、脏乱的厨房，这些东西是很讨厌，值得让人沮丧一阵子了。但是和孩子的自尊心相比，一个泥点——哪怕是粘在了新铺的地毯上——又能算什么呢?丢失的一美元难道比一个孩子成长中的尊严更宝贵?厨房的卫生固然重要，可是值得为此牺牲温柔的亲情吗?

I'm not saying that our children don't need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequences of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we're not just teaching lessons —we're teaching children. That means there are times when we really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only （need）to see the cake.

我不是说我们的孩子不需要学会负责任，不需要有时为自己错误的选择付出痛苦的代价。这些道理也很重要，需要认真教授于他们。但是作为父母，我们不要忘了我们一不仅仅是在教课——我们是在教孩子。这意味着有时候我们确实要看到厨房的脏乱，而有时候我们只需看到蛋糕。

第3课Text A

Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty

How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.

关于友情和忠诚的思考

我们之中有多少人能在朋友中识别出真正的忠诚? 忠诚包括无论何时都会支持你的朋友。一直对你坦诚、从不撒谎背叛你的朋友才是忠诚的朋友。如果你有一位忠诚的朋友，你一定在他身上发现了真正的美德。

The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have

a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.

如今网络上流行的趋势是你可以和任何一个想成为你朋友的人做朋友。然而，这种新的趋势有可能会引发灾难。在网络上拥有一大批共同好友可能是比较流行，但是一个真正忠诚的朋友可能是你需要的唯一的那一个。

A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, "Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?" If the answer to that is, "I don't know", more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.

广受欢迎的脸谱网站上有一个词叫做B．F．F。这个缩写词的意思是“永远的最好的朋“友”。他们真的是你永远的最好的朋友吗?你可能会问自己：“他们会把我的私事发布在脸谱网页上与他人分享吗? 甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗? 但愿永远不会。”如果答案是“我不知道”，那么很有可能，他们不是你永远的好朋友，甚至连一天也没可能是。

I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.

在这个科技和快速交谈发展的时代对可能会面临使用缩写语的你们来说，我更想要一个B．L．F．，忠诚的好朋友。

Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, your deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare.

A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.

朋友间的忠诚就像是在银行账户里存款一样。通常你的存款会获得利息，关乎你幸福安康的利息。忠诚的朋友吸引另一个忠诚的朋友。本质上，水自然会向下流——朋友间总是惺惺相惜。

If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.

如果你早在脸谱网赢得恶名之前就是个B．L．F．的话，我相信你一定明白忠诚的朋友的前提。你不该利用自己的B．L．F．来结交更多的朋友或者让你自己看起来更加重要。这些不是忠诚的好朋友的特质。

A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.

忠诚的最好的朋友不会在意你宴会上都请了谁。他们会来参加你的宴会并向你表示祝贺，就像忠诚的最好的朋友应该做的那样。

Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, " A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend." Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.

在脸谱网上和忠诚的好朋友联络来得容易得多。然而，一个虚拟的朋友无法向你保证其忠诚。我给你的告诫是，你最好注意那些脸谱网站上的笑脸们。在80年代我们就在歌谣中被告知“笑脸是反着的苦恼的脸，我的朋友”。这在我们这一代也是不争的事实。

第3课Text B

A Tribute to the Dog

The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.

狗的赞歌

在这个世上一个人最好的朋友也可能与他反目成仇，他呕心养育的儿女也可能对他忘恩负义。那些我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和名誉信任的人，也可能背叛他们的忠诚。

The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.

一个人所拥有的财富也可能失去。它可能在最被需要时随风而逝，名声也可能因一念之差而损毁殆尽。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝，极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。而一个人在这充满私欲的世界里的一个绝对无私的朋友，一个永不抛弃他的朋友，一个绝不忘恩负义与背信弃义的朋友，则是他的狗。

A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper（贫民）master as if （=as though）he were a prince.

一个人的狗无论其主人贫穷富贵，生老病死，都会和他站在一起，永不分离。只要能留在主人身边，它宁愿睡在冰冷的地上而不顾寒风凛冽，大雪纷飞。它会吻主人的手，哪怕主

人手里没有一丁点食物；它会抚慰主人在艰难时世中遭遇的身心创伤；它也会如同护卫王子一般，守卫熟睡中潦倒的主人。

When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings（飞走）and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant（不变的） in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast（被遗弃者）in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks (for) no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away(=buried) in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even to death.

当所有的朋友都弃你而去时，它留了下来。当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。即使被好运拒之门外，没有朋友，无家可归，他那忠实的狗也会义无反顾地陪伴着他，与他共渡险境，同仇敌忾。如果他的生命被死神夺走，长眠于冰冷的地下，这时，哪怕所有的朋友都离他而去，在他墓旁，那忠诚的狗也会守在那里，将头伏在爪子上，睁开悲伤但充满警惕的双眼，直到死都依旧忠贞，寸步不离。

第4课Text A

Work Is a Blessing

I grew up in Lakeland, LA, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents' subsistence farm(自耕自给农场). We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, and chickens and had a large garden, but it didn't bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.

工作是一种福气

我在路易斯安那州的莱克兰长大，是家里12个孩子之一。我们所有人都依赖父母的农场勉强维持生活。我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养猪、养鸡，还有一个大花园，但农场没办法让我们有多少收入，所以我在12岁时在马路旁边的一个奶牛场里找了一份兼职工作——帮忙挤牛奶。我要在早晨5点钟为65头奶牛挤奶，下午2点钟还要挤一次，一周工作七天。

In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, "Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing."

在一个周六的黎明之前，我记得我在厨房里跟父亲和爷爷抱怨自己一大早还要去给那些奶牛挤奶，父亲说：“儿子，你要知道，能工作是一种福气啊。”

I looked at those two men who had worked harder than I ever had — my father eking out(=making/earning) a living on that farm and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in(完全被弄懂).

我看着这两个男人，知道他们比我有生以来工作得要更努力——父亲靠那个农场竭力维持生计，而爷爷在大萧条期间既开农场又当木匠。我那时有一种感觉，父亲跟我说了一些非常重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解了其中的含义。

Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I'd always look forward to my work. But he also added, "Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all." I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.

对莱克兰的孩子来说，上大学是一种珍贵的待遇。父亲跟我说，如果我学了自己喜欢从事的内容，我便会一直期待找到适合自己的工作。但他也补充道：“就算从事了自己不喜欢的工作，那也比什么工作都没有要好。”我当时想做一名农夫，但为了减少学费负担，我参加了预备军官训练项目，当初的义务从军便成为我以后的生活方式，我在部队服役长达37年3个月零3天。

Serving in the U.S. Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I have come to believe(逐步相信) that people without jobs are not free. They are victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and the street gang members. I have seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community, and even help others. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed.

在驻海外的美军部队服役时，我看到许多人都和孟加拉国那个女人一样，于是我开始相信，没有工作的人是不自由的。他们遭受着犯罪、恐怖主义、疾病、经济萧条和社会动荡的侵害，于是这些受害者变成了非法移民，沦为人口贩卖的囚奴、贩毒者和街头帮派的成员。这种景象我一次次地在美国边境、索马里、刚果、阿富汗以及新奥尔良目睹过。有工作的人可以建立家庭，将孩子送到学校上学，内心树立起一种自豪感，增加对社区的积极影响，甚至去帮助他人。当我们有事可做时，我们身心自由，身处幸福之中。

I don't think I will ever quit working. I'm retired from the Army, but I'm still working to help people be prepared for disaster. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I'm not going to stop. I believe in my father's words. I believe in the blessing of work.

我觉得我不会停止工作。如今我已从军队退役，但我仍在致力。于帮助人们在灾害来临前做好准备，可能哪天我也要去做点儿农活。我不会停下来的。我相信父亲的话。我相信工作是一种福气。

第4课Text B

How to Start Your Own Business

The paradox(悖论) of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it. By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for（期望）. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged

（=honored/lucky）to share with you.

如何开始自己创业

和其他的经历不同，自己创业的矛盾之处在于挑战和收益并存。很多企业倒闭，而大多数企业家则能全身而退。然而残酷的现实是，跟着企业一起倒下的，还有创业的激情。然而在准备过程中的一些忠告则会让你比预计的少一些损失。最近我也在创业，并且在其中学习到了一些重要的经验教训，我很荣幸与你分享。

1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them. When you see them listed, you might see a pattern（风格，特色）in that you're just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn't the answer.

1．明确你的动机所在。你为何要创业?为了有更多的时间?为了赚更多的钱?为了自己当老板?为了能有创造性地掌控你喜欢做的事情?写出所有激励你的因素，并排出先后顺序。当你列好以后再看。如果发现你只是对现在的工作不满意，那么创业绝不是你想要的。

2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table（拿得出手）? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. If you keep your passion in plain sight（显而易见）, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics（后勤）.

2．明确你的激情所在。你喜欢做什么?你有什么样的独门绝技?什么能让你对你的工作很兴奋?把激情置于你的商业计划、营销策略和日常生活之前。如果你能保持激情，你就能更加专注于创办公司的目的，而不仅仅是运营。

3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, research your competitors. Determine if there is room(余地，空间) in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirements for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there are enough

potential clients to keep your business alive.

3．明确你的市场所在。如果你想在本地创业，关注你的竞争对手。确定市场是否有你的立足之地。你能用什么不同的方式来吸引客户?其他公司缺少什么样的市场定位?如果你打算开创一家网络公司，研究一下你的公司存在的特别之处。客户是你的公司存在之本，因此提前做足研究，确保有足够的潜在客户能维持你的公司。

4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations（债务）extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener, light fixtures and landscaping equipment（景观美化设备）, and before you know it, you've far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive （详尽的）financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future. 4．明确你的财政状况。如果你刚买了房，你必须清楚随首付和月供而来的财政义务。你还要添置家具、垃圾桶、车库门遥控开关、灯具和绿化设备。在你反应过来之前，这已经远远超过你的财政预算了。这在创业中是很常见的。做详尽的财政规划。找个财政顾问或者银行专员，核算你在启动和运营公司的时候财务上的可行性。理智规划，做最坏的打算。为经济损失提前做好准备，咨询如何减轻未来可能承受的财政负担。

5. Identify your support system. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even those in your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound（=right）advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.

5．明确你的支持体系。向经验丰富的企业家求教，包括同领域的。和那些能提出可靠建议和批评的人搞好关系。如果你周围或者朋友圈里有你钦佩的企业家，研究学习他或她的业务实践以及他们如何处理各种情况。做重大决策前多多请教，甚至在规划和启动过程中设立临时董事会来帮助出谋划策。

Once you have all of these elements in place（准备好）, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence（营销实体）, etc. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.

一旦你已经对上述问题成竹在胸，那么你就可以开始制定商业计划、申请执照、在市场中崭露头角了。能在专业领域拥有自己的公司美不堪言，如果你能时时听取明智的建议，那么你就可以每天激情满满地工作了。

第5课Text A

Life Is Difficult.

This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is

difficult--once we truly understand and accept it--then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that（引出同位语从句） life is difficult no longer matters.

Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.

生活是艰难的。

这是一条真理，是众多伟大真理之一。一旦我们真正认识了它，才会超越其本身。一旦我们真正认识到生活的艰难所在，真正理解并接受它，生活将不再如那般的艰难，生活是艰难的这一事实，也不会再影响到我们。

大多数人并未真正认识到生活是艰难的这一事实。

Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that （引出同位语从句） their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction（痛苦）that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon（施加，造成，使遭受）them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.

相反，他们不停地无病呻吟，或是聒噪地，或是微弱地，絮叨着他们所遭遇的种种问题、所承受的负担以及所忍受的苦难，好像生活应该是一帆风顺的。他们或高声抗议，或微弱地嘀咕，认为他们的苦难代表一种特殊的不幸，它不应加诸于他们，现在却降临在他们身上，或是他们家人身上、或是他们的部落、他们的阶级、国家、种族、甚至于他们这一特种身上，而不是别人。我深谙这种埋怨，因为我也曾参与其中。

Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?

Discipline（磨练）is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. Without discipline，we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.

生活是由一系列的问题组成的。我们是抱怨它们还是解决它们?我们想教育我们的孩子去解决它们吗?

磨练是我们解决生活问题所需要的一套基本工具，没有它我们什么也解决不了。部分磨练只能解决部分问题，历经磨练，我们才能解决所有问题。

What make life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. And since life poses（提出）an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

生活的艰辛在于面对和解决问题的痛苦过程。不同性质的问题会让我们产生复杂的情绪：沮丧、悲伤、寂寞、内疚、遗憾、愤怒、恐惧、焦虑、痛苦还有绝望。这些情感上的痛苦和身体上的痛苦一样，有时同最深刻的肉体疼痛一样，让人难受，难以释怀。事实上，正是由那些经历或挣扎冲突在我们的内心引起的疼痛才产生了我们称之为问题的东西。由于生活总会给我们提出一系列无穷无尽的问题，生活才总会充满苦难，带给我们痛并快乐着的体验。

Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge（尖端/优势）that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth（引发）our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity（能力；容量；生产能力） to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct." It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems. 然而，正是在面对和解决这些问题的过程中才让生活有了意义。问题是区别我们成败的界限，也召唤出我们的勇气与智慧，事实上，还创造了我们的勇气与智慧。只有经历了这些问题，我们才会得到精神上和心理上的成长。当我们渴望鼓舞人类精神的时候，我们会挑战自我，振奋精神去解决问题，如同我们在学校里故意设置难题让孩子们来解决一样。只有在经历了对抗和解决的痛苦过程后我们才会学有所得。正如本杰明?富兰克林所言：“这些困难会伤害你，也会教导你”。也正因为此，聪明人才不畏痛苦，迎难而上。

第5课Text B

Begin Again

To begin again means that you won't give up.

To begin again means you're trying.

You can either start over（=start again）and live your life

Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying.

It is never the falling that makes us fail.

It is never the pain or the crying.

You can never fail in life, my friend,

Unless you give up trying.

---- Bob Perks

重新开始

要重新开始就意味着你不会放弃

要重新开始意味着你正在努力

你可以重新开始过你的生活

也可以慢慢地陨落，度过余生

让我们失败的永远不会是挫折本身

也不会是痛苦或是哭泣

你永远不会失败的，我的朋友

除非你放弃了尝试

——鲍勃?珀克斯

It seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives. A few have lost their jobs and some have failed marriages. All too many(太多的) have health issues or are battling cancer. 最近似乎有越来越多的朋友们都面临着生活中一些看似不可克服的挑战。有几个已经失去了工作，有几个遭遇了失败的婚姻，还有许多有着健康问题或正在与癌症抗争。

I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship. But it is difficult, to say the least（至少/起码可以说）, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand（魔杖）, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again.

我不知道，是绝望迫使他们向我寻求建议，还是他们来考验我们之间的友谊的。但当他们所能感受到的尽是绝望时，我很难为他们说上几句充满希望的话语。他们期望答案，期待着魔杖挥舞的奇迹或者是可以让他们重新振作起来的一张路线图。

I have often struggled with what to say. Mostly because I have faced many of the same challenges in my own life, I remember how empty I felt after someone cheerfully offered words like, "Keep your chin up（别灰心/别丧失勇气）!" "Things will get better!" "Hang

in（坚持下去）there!" "It's always darkest…," etc.

我经常纠结不知道说什么才好。大多是由于我自己的生活中也曾面临过许多相同的挑战，我至今还记得，当别人善意地安慰我“振作一点”“一切会好起来的”“坚持住”“人生总会有某些最黑暗的时刻……”等话语时，我是多么的空虚。

Yes, even those who were quick to quote the Bible to me found me quite unreceptive （不易接受的） at the time.

Now, as an inspiration（励志，激励，灵感）writer, being thought of（认为，想起） as a resource of hope or a good (or bad) example of what to do in life, I have even more people contacting me.

即使是那些能迅速地从《圣经》里引用原话来安慰的人也发现我当时是多么的无动于衷。

如今作为一名励志作家，被人当作生活中希望的源泉或模范化身的我，要接触更多联系我寻求帮助的人群。

So, what do I say?

"What can I do, Bob? I've lost my job. What do you suggest?"

"Begin again."

"He walked out on（抛弃，离开）me. My whole world just ended. What should I do?" "Begin again."

"Bob, I know both your son and your wife had cancer. I found out my wife does, too. What did you tell them?"

"Begin again."

所以，我该说什么呢?

“我能做什么呢，鲍勃?我失去了我的工作。你有什么建议吗?”

“重新开始!”

“他抛弃了我。我的整个世界都塌了。我该怎么办?”

“重新开始!”

“鲍勃，我知道你的儿子和你的妻子都得了癌症。我发现我盼妻子也得了癌症。你当时怎么告诉他们的?”

“重新开始!”

It almost sounds too simple. I imagine in the darkest hours of one's life, those words would seem useless or uncaring. But it is indeed the answer.

All life challenges bring about（导致）an ending - and the chance for a beginning.

A job loss presents an opportunity to start over somewhere else and maybe even in another career.

这个答案似乎听起来过于简单。我设想，在人生最黑暗的时刻，这些话似乎毫无用处或显得漠不关心。但它确实是答案。

所有的人生挑战都会带来一个结束，也会带来一种重新开始的机遇。失去工作为你提供了在别处重新开始的机会，或许是让你重新开始另一种职业生涯的机会。

A failed marriage does not mean you are through（with结束，完成） loving or being

loved. It means there are others just like you needing to be loved. Find them.

A life-threatening disease does not mean giving up. It means starting a new path to recovery and discovering within yourself the ability to fight back(抵抗，反击，强忍) and win.

婚姻失败并不意味着你没有爱或被爱的能力。它意味着还有其他许多像你一样的人需要被关爱。去找他们吧。

一种致命的疾病并不是要你放弃。它意味着开始一段崭新的康复之路，从中发现自己抗击并打败它的内在潜能。

And if you are a person of faith, even death does not mean it's over. It means, "to begin again."

如果你是一个有信仰的人，死亡对于你而言也不会意味着结束。它意味着“重生”

第6课Text A

Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely

School-going children need pocket money for food, stationery and bus fares. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved. On the other hand, the children's spending habits may affect how pocket money is given. 教孩子们理性地使用零花钱

正上学的孩子们需要零花钱来买吃的、买文具，还有支付公交费用。父母们采用不同的方式来给予他们零花钱。有的父母会在月初或每周之初一次性给予孩子们一笔钱，有的更倾向于每天给一些。然而，零花钱的给予方式却影响着孩子们花钱或省钱的方式。另一方面，孩子们的消费习惯也会对父母给予零花钱的方式产生影响。

Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as "food money". Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending. Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time（将来，迟早）they can be trusted with（托付）larger sums of money. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.

按天来给零花钱有时被称作“零食钱”。下午有学校活动的孩子们通常会用这些零花钱在课间或午饭时间买些吃的东西。他们从中学到了如何管理好一小笔钱。因为钱的数目有限，他们只能有节制地花费。一些家长用这种方式给孩子零花钱，是为了防止他们的孩子过度消费，并期待日后可以放心地给孩子们一大笔钱来支配。按天领取薪资的父母，由于经济拮据，也会选择这个方法。

Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of the child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being shortsighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds. （承上启下的句子） They may develop the mentality that money is meant to（被打算）be spent.（承上句）Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like（想要；有…感觉）indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems.（承上启下的句子）In such instances, the purpose of rationing(配给) is defeated.

按日来给孩子们零花钱把预算的责任加在了父母身上，而没有锻炼到孩子。孩子可能会沉迷于垃圾食品而花光每一分钱，因为他们知道第二天又会得到一笔零花钱。这导致孩子们养成了目光短浅的消费习惯。省钱的观念从来不会出现在他们的大脑中。他们可能会形成“钱就是用来花的”心态。有些孩子花的钱比得到的多。当他们想要放纵自己时，就会向兄弟姐妹或同学借钱。然后，他们再要钱来偿还这些债务。这种借钱的习惯造成孩子们在解决问题时依赖他人。从这些案例来看，定额分发零花钱的做法没有达到培养孩子理性花钱的目的。孩子们应该学会如何规划自己的钱。有些父母亲奉行“在实践中学习”这一理念，在月初一次性给孩子们一笔钱，结果到这个月的第三周时这笔钱便已经被花光了。

Children need to learn how to budget their money. Some parents go by the "learning by doing" principle and give their children lump sums at the beginning of the month, and by the third week of the month their account is already dry.

孩子们应该学会如何规划自己的钱。有些父母亲奉行“在实践中学习”这一理念，在月初一次性给孩子们一笔钱，结果到这个月的第三周时这笔钱便已经被花光了。

On the other hand, some learn to budget their pocket money very well and even have savings at the end of the month. They do not borrow money unnecessarily. In other words, they learn to spend within their means. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ourselves only if there is money left. （承上启下的句子） This habit, when inculcated（灌输）since young, stands them in good stead（对…很有好处） when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of "buy now and pay later" schemes.（承上总结的句子）

另一方面，有些孩子学会了如何规划自己的钱，做得很好，甚至月末还有结余。他们基本上不需要借钱。换句话说，他们学会了如何量入为出地花钱。要做到这一点，关键在于区分自己需要和想要的东西。首先买必需的东西，倘若尚有结余，才可以买自己想要的。在孩子们幼年时就灌输给他们这样的理念，让他们养成习惯，这样当他们开始工作挣钱时会有很大的益处，能让他们抵挡住“先买后付”观念的诱惑。

Formation of any habit starts at a tender age（幼年）. There is no better way to teach

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精选文库 8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起 9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的 10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的 11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动 12. despite prep. 即使；尽管 despite / in spite of that fact that … 13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的 14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试 attempted 15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉 16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地 17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函 18. receptionist n. 接待员 19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上） attach …to… attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的 attachment 依恋；附件 20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪 emotional emotionless 21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情） 22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然

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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit11CyberWorld I.Newwordsandexpressions Newwords 1.chatlinen.（消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2.variety?n.（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 varyvaryfrom…to… 比较：range/shiftfrom…to… various 3.romance?n.恋爱；爱情 romantic https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5e8712745.html,arreadj.极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5.potentialadj.潜在的；可能的 6.scriptn.剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7.intimacy?n.亲密；关系密切 intimate 8.initialadj.最初的；开始的 9.perceivev.将…视为；认为 10.avalanchen.雪崩；山崩 11.literary?adj.文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary literate liberal

12.versen.诗；韵文 13.animatedadj.栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14.inclination?n.倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15.sweatyadj.满是汗的；汗津津的 16.palmn.手掌；手心 17.varyv.相异；不同 18.conveyv.表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19.polishv.修改；润饰；润色 20.intellectn.（尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21.personalityn.性格；个性；人格 22.sequencen.顺序；次序 23.reversev.颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24.veil?v.掩饰；掩盖 unveil揭露，揭开 25.intellectualadj.智力的；脑力的；理智的 26.familiarity?n.熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize 27.appearance?n.外貌；外表 28.intensity?n.强烈；紧张；剧烈 intense 29.stirringn.（感情、想法或发展的）开始，出现，萌发

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2

Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿

[整理版]自考英语二上册课文翻译

Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,A,,,,,,,,,,怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 “学习一门语言很容易，即使小孩也能做得到。” 大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。对他们来说，学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。他们需要数百小时的学习与练习，即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。 语言学习不同于其他学习。许多人很聪明，在自己的领域很成功，但他们发现很难学好一门语言。相反，一些人学习语言很成功，但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。 语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议：“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”，“每天练习说这种语言”，“与说这种语言的人住在一起”，“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”，“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”，“放松地去学习语言。” 然而，成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢,,,,,语言学习研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。 首先，成功的语言学习者独立学习。他们不依赖书本和老师，而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。他们不是等待老师来解释，而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论，从而做出正确的猜测。如果猜错，他们就再猜一遍。他们都努力从错误中学习。 成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。因此，成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。他们找到（说）这种语言的人进行练习，出错时请这些人纠正。他们不失时机地进行交流，不怕重复所听到的话，也不怕说出离奇的话，他们不在乎出错，并乐于反复尝试。当交流困难时，他们可以接受不确切或不完整的。对他们来说，更重要的是学习用这种语言思考，而不是知道每个词的意思。 最后，成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易，因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。 你是什么样的语言学习者,,,,,如果你是一位成功的语言学习者，那么你大概一直在独立地，主动地，目的明确地学习。另一方面，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不妨试试上面提到的一些技巧。 Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,B,,,,,,,,,,语,,,,,言 当我们想告诉别人我们想什么时，我们不但可以借助于词语，还可以用其他表达方法。比如，当我们想说“是”时，我们有时会上下点头，而当我们想说“不”,,,,,时，我们会左右摇头。那些既听不见也不会说话的人（也就是聋哑人）借助于手势相互交谈。那些彼些不懂对方语言的人也用这种方式交谈。下面这个故事就说明了人们有时是怎样借助于手势进行交谈的。

2012新版自考英语二教材翻译00015

第1课Text A 批判性地阅读 批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。 考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。 质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。 与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。 分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。 鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。 甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。 成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。 第1课Text B 自信的语言 语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。 再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。’ “尽力” 这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你

山东自考(00015)英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia，there has been foreign languages fervor in China，with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．Parents hire private tutors for their school children；adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses． 从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．Take the Chinese English learners for example．" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not．It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet. 讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。以学英语的中国人为例，"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history．Consequently， the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few． 中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我 们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、 吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、 羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说，为 这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易 事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死 记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说， 学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习 使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英 语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英 语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉 字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之 处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上 很少接触。所以，在中国，英语背景 知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使 许多人丧失信心。 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English．Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she"，for the two words sound the same，though，different in written forms in Chinese．As a result， some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes．But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins．The confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values，to a certain extent， affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he／she reads and hears．Only by developing an understanding and tolerance（忍受）of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers． 英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相 互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语 中"他""她"的用法，因为这两个字尽管 字形不同，读音却相同，他们因此常 常抱怨。结果有些英语母语的人得出 结论，认为中国人不区分两种性别。 但是在涉及表亲的时候，英语母语的 人更是混淆性别。东西方价值观的冲 突造成的语言上的混淆，在一定程度 上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读 或所听到的内容的理解.学习英语的中 国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的 理解和宽容，才能达到与英语母语者 交流的目标。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of Eng1ish unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(not all，of course!)in learning English．Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write．This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech， the amount of information conveyed， and，above all，the quality of communication． 学习英语的中国人，只有在学习英语 的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌 握英语。(当然不可能是克服全部文化 障碍!) 很多中国人说话或写作的时 候，将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英 语，这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、 传达的信息量，最重要的是，影响交 流的质量。 The above is，not wholly，how difficult English is．Some native speakers might have said，"You foreigners don't use good English! " at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying．"Why should l?"1 would protest，though．Still，I have to keep asking myself：Is it possible for a foreigner to command English? 尽管不完全，以上就是学习英语的困 难。英语母语者被外国人误解的时候 可能会说："你们外国人不懂地道的英 语!" 我要反驳："我们为什么要懂?"我还要 问：一个外国人可能精通英语吗? Text B Learning a Language 学 语言 Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this．Linguists are working on this problem in two ways．First，they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language． 大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地 学好一门语言，大部分语言学家和语 言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。语言学 家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面， 他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母 语、理解母语的。另一方面致力于研 究人是如何学习第二语言的。 Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak．Some linguists think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage．This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that， along with many other things，they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language，and a little help from their parents，they are able to learn to speak．Another group of linguists does not think this is correct． 语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话 的。一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有 学习和使用语言的能力。这并不是指 一个人的母语是与生俱来的；而是指 一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力， 这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的 能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的 语言有一定接触，在父母的些许帮助 下就能够学会说话。另外一派语言学 家则对此持有异议。 This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a 1anguage from their parents．They believe that parents teach their children to produce sounds and words in their language．When children know some words，their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences．These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way that adults are taught a second language．Instead， parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of 1anguage. These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment . In this case，the environment is their family and their home. As you see，the first group of linguists disagrees． 持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟 着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父 母首先教孩子发声、吐字。当孩子掌 握一定词汇以后，父母就开始教他们 如何组织句子。但是他们认为，父母 教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第 二语言的方法。相反，父母是通过与 孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教 孩子说话的。这一派语言学家认为， 儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言 的。这种情况下，语言环境是家庭和 生活环境。可以看出，第一派语言学 家对此并不赞同。 There are some other theories about how children learn a language．Many people are studying the process of language learning by children．This work is being done in many countries．Linguists are not the only people who are interested in this process．Many psychologists，doctors， and parents are also interested．People who teach foreign languages are interested, too． 关于儿童如何学习语言还有一些其他 理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研 究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学 家，许多心理学家、医生和父母都对 儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。外语教 师也对这一过程很感兴趣。 Foreign language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their native language for a very important reason．If they knew how children learn their native language，perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults， as well as children, a second language．This is a very interesting idea．Some foreign language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language . These teachers try to make their students' learning similar to that of children．These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom．They will not talk to students in the native language．They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible．They do not teach them any rules for using the language．Most parents don't teach their children rules for language usage，either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly．Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students，this method is successful．They learn to speak quickly and easily．They seem to enjoy using the language，and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say．Some students, however，cannot learn a language this way．Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language． 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴 趣，有其很重要的原因。他们如果知 道儿童如何学习母语，就可能找到一 种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第 二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。 有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语 言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相 同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习 语言的过程组织教学：课堂上只讲外 语，不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽 可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式， 不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师 采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母 在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言 使用规则，而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话 是正确的。对一些学生来说，这种方 法是成功的，他们能够轻而易举地、 很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很 喜欢去用所学的语言，并不很在意是 否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些 学生则不适合这种方法，语言学家着 手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 A second method，the rule-learning method，sometimes works better with these students．Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one's native language．They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly．These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn．Then they give them many sentences in the language to say over and over again．The students are encouraged to make up new sentences， using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know． 另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适 合这部分学生。一些语言学家认为学 习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通 过记忆来学习语言使用规则，必须练 习使用这种语言，练习正确地使用这 些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的 语法规则，再给学生一些例句让他们 反复练习，同时鼓励学生使用所学过 的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。 Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method．They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language and can speak the language and understand it，too．For many students, this is the best way to learn a foreign language．For some students, both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class， hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and "pick up" the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it．These people are rare． 一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效 果非常好，他们学得很快，用得也好。 他们掌握了语言使用规则，能够使用 所学的语言，也能够理解别人的话。 对一些学生来说，这是学外语最好的 方法。对另外一些学生来说，两种方 法都行之有效。有时候，老师在课堂 上将两种方法结合起来用，目的是让 每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国 外通过倾听，与人交流等手段自然而 然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟 是少数人。 Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily．Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language．Perhaps language 1earning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language． 大多数人还是通过课堂或者其他方式 来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同 的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一 门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力 于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言 的。也许在解决了这个问题之后，语 言学习会变得容易一些。 Unit 2 Text A Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States．I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about． 我是土生土长的香港人。六年来一直 生活在美国，是一家大百货商店的女 售货员。目前我正经历人生中一段痛 苦，自己也很难讲述。 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit．It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States．I was eager to see my parents， my brothers and sisters，and my friends． 几个月前，我回香港探亲，这也是我 到美国后第一次回家探亲。我期待着 见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 I really got a shock when I arrived．Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago．Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it．My elementary school was gone．The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings． 到达时，我确实大吃一惊。香港已经 不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 这儿发生了巨大的变化，一些地方都 认不出来了。我读书的那所小学已经 不复存在。曾经住过的那条街上的房 子已被拆掉，代之而起的是办公大楼。 The shock from the physical changes in the city，however，was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents’ home．My family greeted me warmly when I arrived．While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor，the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States．I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after，but then I began to feel that something was wrong．I noticed that my family， especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking．They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me，and I became uncomfortable and confused as to（至于）why they were behaving that way. 但是，我到了父母亲家里不久，就发 现了一些令我想不通的问题，情感上 也受到了挫伤。与之相比，香港外观 上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。我 的家人热情地迎接我回家。我母亲忙 着备饭为我接风，家里其余的人迫不 及待地问我在美国的生活。那天和之 后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我 就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。我 注意到，在我讲话的时候，我的家人， 尤其是我母亲，会以一种奇怪的目光 看我。渐渐地，大家对我疏远起来， 不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到 不舒服，弄不明白他们为什么这样对 待我。 I decided to talk to my mother．She asked me，“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?”I asked her what she meant．She said．“You’ve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home．You talk when you should remain silent．You speak on matters that are of concern only to men．You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires．That’s not the way of a Chinese woman．We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves．” 我决定和母亲谈一谈。她问我：“你忘 了中国的规矩了吗?”我问她指的是什 么。她回答说：“你忘了中国家庭里女 人的地位了。应该保持沉默的时候， 你却在讲话。你就那些只与男人有关 的事情发表见解。你直言不讳你的内 心感受和愿望，这不是中国女人的做 法。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” As my mother spoke，I realized what had happened to me．American including American women，are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings．Also American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject．They don’t take a silent back seat during a discussion．I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six years，，I had gradually adopted some of their ways． 听着母亲这样讲，我意识到了是怎么 回事。美国人，包括美国女性，都非 常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美 国男女一样，对任何问题都自由地发 表见解。在讨论中，她们不会做一个 沉默的旁观者。我想，过去六年和美 国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的一 些做法。 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman．But it didn’t work．My family remained distant from me．They could no longer accept me fully as one of them．I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider,a stranger in my own country． 接下来的几天，我尽力作一名中国女 性，可是没用。家人和我疏远。他们 无法完全把我当作自己人。身在家乡 却被视为外人，这使我更加不自在， 感觉受到了深深的伤害。 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States．But coming back here didn’t lessen the confusion and pain．In fact，I feel more confused than before．I now feel homeless．I don’t feel like an American．Americans haven’t accepted me．The women I work with at the store are polite enough，but they don’t try to get close to me or let me get close to them．During the morning coffee break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping．On Fridays they talk about the disco place they’re going to that night．My accent，my name，and 1