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英语阅读与翻译核心词汇A_C

英语阅读与翻译核心词汇A_C
英语阅读与翻译核心词汇A_C

英语阅读与翻译核心词汇(A)

absurdly [Eb5sE:dli] ad. 荒谬地, 悖理地, 愚蠢地【认知】本词的核心含义为“一种从存在主义出发的文

【认知】本词的核心含义为“一种从存在主义出发的文学或哲学观点,指“人生无意义”,“人世无理性”等”

abundance n. 1.[sing]大量,多,丰富,充足2.富有;富裕

【例句】Peasants share meals of autumn ~ with us. 农民们和我们一起吃秋收之后的丰盛饭菜。【认知】前缀为“a-”的变体;“-und-”含义是“在波浪中游荡,溢出”。如“redundant”与其同源。

accommodation] n.1.住处;膳宿2.调和;(社会不同集团之间的)迁就通融

【例句】comfortable overnight ~s for visitors 招待来客过夜的舒适住处。The steamer has berthing ~s for 1500 passengers. 这艘轮船有1500个旅客的铺位。【认知】前缀为“a-”;“mod”意为“措施,测量;方式”(强调方便,精确性)。

acknowledges v. 1.承认(某一事实的存在),承认…的权威(或主张)2.对…作出反应,答谢

【认知】本词词根为“know”(知道,认知)。

acquisition n. 1.取得,获得,习得2.兼并,合并

【例句】The children progressed in the ~ of basic skills.孩子们在掌握基本技术方面取得了进步。

acquisitive a. 1.想获得的, 有获得可能性的, 可学到的2.有贪欲的

adaptability n. (~ to)适应性

adaptation n. (~ to)1.适应2.改编, 改写本

【例句】The films’s director had skillfully overcome the difficulties of adaptation. 那部电影的导演已经巧妙地克服了改编的困难。

adhere v. (~ to) 1.粘附,附着2.遵守,坚持;固执3.追随,依附,拥护

【例句】paper adhering to the wall 墙上贴着的纸

admirer n. 景慕者, 赞赏者, 敬慕者

【例句】He was the sort of admirer she had been having in these latter years.他是她近几年来不断遇到的那种爱慕者。

adolescent a. 1.青春期的2.青少年的

【例句】an ~ outpatient clinic 青春期疾病门诊所。【认知】前缀为“a-”;词根“ole”与“ale”为变体,意为“to feed; to nourish(成长;滋养)”。如“adult”与其同源。

advent n. [sing](尤指不寻常的人或事物的)出现,到来

【例句】the ~ of microwave technology 微波技术的出现。【认知】前缀为“a-”;词根“vent”意为“to come; to arrive”(来到;来临)。

affluent a. 1.富裕的,富足的2.充裕的,丰富的;富饶的

【例句】The new magazine will be directed at a more ~ circulation. 新的杂志将争取更大的发行量。【认知】前缀为“a-”;词根“flu”意为“to flow”(流;富裕的)。

aggravation n. 1. 加重(病情、负担、罪行、危机等的), 更恶化加重2.恼怒

【认知】本词的词根为“-grave-”(承重;重)。如“grave”与其同源。

aggressively ad. 侵略地, 攻势地

【认知】本词的词根为“-gress-”(走;动)。如“congress”与其同源。

agitation n. 1.激动, 兴奋2.煽动, 搅动

【认知】词根“ag”含义为“to act; to drive”。该词核心意义为“to move to and from(开动,驱动;运转)”。

Agonies n.(极度的)痛苦,创痛

【例句】The fiercest agonies have shortest reign. 最剧烈的痛苦持续的时间也最短。

alienation n. (使)疏远,(使)不友好,离间

【认知】本词词根“ali”含义“foreign; other(其他)”。如“alter”与其同源。

alternatively ad. (偶尔作连词)做为选择, 二者择一地;或者,或许

【认知】本词词根“ali”含义“foreign; other(其他)”。如“alter”与其同源。

amateurs n. 1.(艺术、科学等的)业余爱好者2.外行,粗通(某一行)的人

【认知】词根“-ama-”含义为“爱;爱好”。如“amiable”与其同源。

ambiguous a. 1.含糊不清的;不明确的;难以理解(或区分)的2.引起歧义的,模棱两可的

【例句】eyes of an ~ colour 色泽难以确定的眼睛。【认知】词根“ambi”意义为“going around (驱赶,领,行动)”。如“ambition”与其同源。

anticipate v. 1.预期,期望,预料2.早于别人做成(或做);先于…前行动

【例句】The director fished in his pocket for cigarettes. His secretary ~d him by clicking open a cigarette case and holding it toward him. 主任在衣袋里摸烟卷。秘书抢在他前面啪地打开了烟盒,递了过去。【认知】前缀“anti”含义为“before(反对;朝向;在对面)”;词根“cip”为“cap”的变体。核心意义是“to take before; to realize before”(事先进行的;预期的)。

applauses n. 1.鼓掌;喝彩,叫好2.称赞,嘉许

【例句】His efforts were met with unanimous ~. 他的努力得到众口一词的称赞。【认知】前缀为“a-”;词根“plaud”含义是“to clap(鼓掌)”。如“plausible”与其同源。

appraise v. 评价

【例句】to appraise sb. at a low rate 贬评某人。【认知】前缀为“a-”;词根“prais”与“prisi”为变体,含义为“prize(珍视,重视)”。

arbitrarily ad. 武断地, 任意地, 专横地

【认知】核心含义为“不肯定的(即依赖于仲裁人的裁决的)”。

ascent n. 1.上升, (地位, 声望等的)提高2.攀登, 上坡路

【例句】The steepness of the slope forbade ascent. 坡度很陡,没法攀登。【认知】词根“scent”含义为“爬,增加”。如“descend”与其同源。

ascribe v. (~ to)1.把…归因(于)2.把…归属(于)

【例句】to ~ one’s failure to bad luck 把自己的失败归咎于运气不好。【认知】词根“-scribe-”含义为“写”。如“describe”与其同源。

aspiring a. 热心的, 积极的, 有抱负的

【例句】Broadcasters tried to abandon their native regional accents and aspire to BBC pronunciation. 广播员们力图去掉自己的乡音,渴望达到BBC的发音标准。【认知】词根“-spir-”含义为“呼吸”。如“spirit”与其同源。

assert v. 1.肯定地说(出),坚定地断言2.主张,维护,坚持

【例句】He ~ed that man’s nature would never change. 他断言人性决不会变。【认知】前缀为“a-”;词根“sert”与“sere”为变体,意为“to join”。如“desert”与其同源。

assessment n. 1. (为征税对财产所作的)估价2.被估定的金额

【例句】to make a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the investment 对投资的有效性作数量估计

assimilation n. 1.同化, 同化作用2.消化

【认知】词根“-sim-”含义为“相似;相同”。如“simulate”与其同源。

英语阅读与翻译核心词汇(B)

bankruptcies n. (尤指经法院宣告的)破产者;无偿还力的人

【认知】词根“-rupt-”含义为“打破”。如“erupt”与其同源。

bestowed v. (~ on, upon)把…赠与;把…给予

【例句】Praise is bestowed on virtue but vanishes more quickly than frost in spring. 人们赞扬美德,可是赞扬消失得比春天的霜还要快。【认知】词根“-dow-”与“-dot-”为变体,含义为“给;给予”。如“donate”与其同源。

betrayal n. 1.背叛,出卖2.失信于,辜负3.泄露(秘密等)

【例句】From that black day of betrayal onward he vowed to have his revenge. 他自从不幸被出卖的那一天起就立誓要报仇。

bewildered a. 1.迷惑的;胡涂的;被难住的2.迷路的,迷失方向的

【例句】to be ~ by the maze of streets in the town 给城里纵横交错的街道弄得晕头转向

boastful a. 自负的, 喜夸耀的, 自夸的

【例句】It is impossible to win gracefully at chess. No man has yet said ‘Mate!’in a voice which failed to sound to his opponent bitter, boastful and malicious. 赢棋做不到优雅。还没有人

喊“将”的声音在对手听起来不是尖刻、自负和恶意的呢。

bombard v. 炮轰;轰击;大肆宣传

【例句】to bombard customers with a sea of trivialities 用大量的细节信息轰炸消费者

bottlenecks n. 瓶颈(最困难的部分)

breakthrough n. 突破

【例句】The tanks were designated to exploit a breakthrough of the enemy’s defence. 那些坦克被派定用于突破敌人的防御工事。

bribed v. 贿赂,用来买通别人的钱财(或物品、好处等);诱饵

【例句】to use ~s of candy to get a small child to go to bed 用糖果哄小孩睡觉

bureaucracy n. 1.官僚政治;[总称]官僚,政府官员2.官僚主义,官僚作风;官样文章

【例句】Bureaucracy is a giant mechanism operated by pygmies. 官僚政治是一种由侏儒操纵的庞大机构。【认知】核心意义与“遮盖桌子的布—办公桌,办公室”相关。

英语阅读与翻译核心词汇(C)

captives n. 1.俘虏,囚徒;猎获物2.着迷的人;受控制的人

【例句】These ~ will be taken to the rear areas. 这些俘虏将被押到后方。

carefree n. 无忧无虑的, 轻松愉快的(侧重冷静)

【例句】The performer’s carefree style on the ice won her many friends and a gold medal. 演者在冰上那种潇洒的风格为她赢得了许多朋友和一块金牌。

cite v. 1.引用,引证,提出,举出2.表彰,表扬,嘉奖

【例句】He ended his speech by citing his indebtedness to those who helped him. 以对帮助过他的人表示感激来结束他的讲话。

clarity n. 1.清澈,明净2.清晰,明晰

【例句】The ~of the spring water was amazing. 这泉水清澈得出奇。【认知】词根“clar”与“clear (清澈的,清除的)”为变体关系。如“clear”与其同源。

clue n. (~ to)1.(有助于解决疑案,问题等的)线索,提示2.(故事、思路等的)线索

【例句】I think we might find a ~ to the mystery. 我想我们可能找到解开这个奥秘的线索。

clumsily ad. 1.笨拙地, 粗陋地2.不漂亮地

【例句】His rowboat was a clumsy affair made out of old boxes. 他的划艇是用旧箱板制成的粗糙东西。

cognition n. 认识;认知

【认知】词根“-cogn-”含义为认知道。如“recognize”与其同源。

coincidence n. 1.巧合,巧事2.(意见、爱好、利益等的)符合、一致3.同时发生,共同存在

【例句】Can this be merely a coincidence? 这只是一种巧合吗?【认知】词根“-cid-”含义为“fall (发生;落下)”。如“accident”与其同源。

commence vi. 开始;着手

【例句】The play will ~ at eight o’cl ock.戏将在8时开演。【认知】前缀为“com-”;本词“ence”根为“initiate(开始)”的变体。

commend v. 1.表扬,称赞2.(~ to)推荐;把……交托给

【例句】to commend sb. upon his good manners 称赞某人有礼貌

commuters n. 通勤者, 经常往返者

【例句】Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness; natives give it solidity and continuity; but the settlers give it passion. 往来者给予城市潮汐的不知止息,本地人给予它激情。【认知】词根“-mute-”含义为“改变;变化”,如在“mutual”中。

comparable a. 1.(~ with)可比较;类似的2.(~ to)比得上的

【例句】This dinner is ~ to the best French cooking. 这餐饭可与最好的法国烹饪媲美。

compatible a. (~ with)能和睦相处的,合得来的,适合的,协调的

【例句】Cats and birds are seldom ~. 猫和鸟很少和睦相处。

complicated a. 复杂的,难懂的;结构复杂的

【例句】I never blame failures —there are many complicated situa-tions in life, but I am absolutely me rciless toward lack of effort.我从不责备失败——生活中复杂的情况实在太多;但是对于不肯努力,我绝对不讲情面。

conceited a. 自以为是的, 逞能的, 狂想的

【例句】You can confide in your own abilities without being conceited. 你可以自信有能力而不引以自负。

condense v. 1.(使)压缩,(使)凝聚;(使)凝结2.(使)缩短,缩写,使简洁

【例句】Three months of meetings were ~d into just over an hour. 本来要开3个月的会议被压缩为1小时多一点。【认知】前缀为“c om-”;词根“dense”含义为“make thick”(浓缩)。

confer v. 1.商谈,商议,交换意见2.授予,赋予(称号、学位、权力等)

【例句】The university conferred an honorary degree on him.这所大学授予他名誉学位。

confide v. 1.(~ in)吐露秘密(以示信任、求教等)2.托付,委托

【例句】He ~d to me that he had spent five years in prison.他向我吐露说他坐过5年牢。【认知】词根“-fid-”含义为“信赖;相信”。如“fidelity”与其同源。

confines v. (~ to)1.限制,使局限2.(使)不外出,幽禁;关押,监禁n. [常作~s]边界,界限

【例句】She has never experienced life beyond the ~ of her own close-knit family. 她从未经历过她自己那紧密团结的家庭以外的生活。

conformist n. 遵奉者;墨守陈规者

【例句】a conformist image 墨守陈规者的形象

conscientious a. 1.按良心办事的,认真的,勤勤恳恳的2.小心谨慎的;煞费苦心做的

【例句】a diligent and ~ teacher勤劳尽责的教师。【认知】前缀为“com-”含义;词根为“sci”含义为“to know”。如“science”与其同源。

consensus n. 1.(意见等)一致,一致同意2.[常作定语或用以构成复合词]一致同意,一致(或多数人)意见,舆论

【例句】There can be wide differences of opinion on separate issues within a broad ~. 在广泛一

致的前提下,在个别问题上可能有很大的分歧。【认知】前缀为“com-”含义;词根为“sens”含义为“to feel”(认为,主张)。如“sensible”与其同源。

conservation n. 保存,(对自然资源的)保护,避免浪费(或损坏)

【例句】The expensive fuel costs are forcing stepped-up ~ efforts by all airline companies.高昂的燃料费用迫使着所有的航空公司加强为理论上浪费所作的努力。【认知】前缀为“com-”含义;词根为“serve”含义为“监视—保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏(preserve)”。如“preserve”与其同源。

considerately ad. 体贴地,体谅地

【例句】The plan was given a considerate examination. 对这个计划进行了一番周密的调查。

unconstitutional a. 违反宪法的

【例句】the unconstitutional nature of sb.’s 某人行动的违宪法规定性质

constraints n. 1.约束,限制2.(被)强使,(被)强制3.克制;抑制

【例句】The children showed ~ in the presence of the new teacher. 孩子们在新教师面前,显得拘束。

constructively a. 建设性地

contemplative a. 沉思的, 冥想的

【认知】contemplative analysis 沉思的分析

contemptible a. 可鄙的

【例句】contemptible behaviors 可鄙的行为。【认知】词根“-tempt-”为“damn”的变体。如“condemn”与其同源。

Contract v. 1.(使)收缩;(使)缩小;(使)缩短2. 招致某种不想要的结果;感染(疾病)

【例句】contracted brain volumes 收缩的大脑体积

contrast n. (~ to)1.对比,对照2.(对比之下显出的)悬殊差别,比差(程度)3.形成对照的人(或事物)

【例句】The black paint on the door provides a ~ for the white walls. 门上的黑漆与白墙形成对照。

conventionally ad. 按照惯例, 照常套, 照老例

【例句】to conventionally acceptable modes of life 按习俗接受的生活方式

convictions n. 1.定罪,判罪2.说服,信服3.确信,深信;坚定的信仰

【例句】When he first asked her to marry him, he hadn’t done it with any ~. 最初向她示求婚时,他全无把握。【认知】前缀为“com-”含义;词根“vict”与“vinc”为变体,含义为“to overcome; to conquer”(战胜—深信不疑;证明有罪)。

Convincing a. 令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悦诚服的

【例句】An ounce of humor will have more convincing weight than a ton of evidence. 一盎司幽默的说服力比一吨证据的还要大。

corresponds v.(~ to, with)1.相符合,成一致;相配,相称2.相当,相类似

【例句】Fulfilment seldom ~s to anticipation. 成果难得与预期相符。

counselors a. 顾问, 法律顾问

【例句】a Cabinet-rank White House counselor 部长级白宫顾问。【认知】前缀为“com”的变体;本词词根“sel”为“sul”,含义为“召集”。如“consult”与其同源。

courteous a. 彬彬有礼的,殷勤的

【例句】If a man be gracious and courteous to strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the world. 人若对陌生人亲切有礼,这表明他是个世界公民。【认知】词根为“-court-”(宫廷—礼节)。

covetous a. 贪婪的, 妄羡的

【例句】The covetous man cannot so properly be said to possess wealth, as that may by said to possess him. 一个贪婪的人,与其说他拥有财富,不如说财富拥有他。

credit. 1.信任,相信2.(~ to)把…归于;认为…有(某种优点或成就等)

【例句】They ~ him with the discovery.人们认为这一发现是他的功劳。【认知】词根“-cred-”含义为“相信”。如“incredible”与其同源。

cruelty n. 残忍, 残酷

【例句】Such cruelty is a disgrace to humanity. 这种残忍是人性的耻辱。

customarily ad. 通常

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

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Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光,在他们的生活中留下了印迹,并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西,那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家,在这里,人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步,而现在,恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心,惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线,大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险,会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同,“我们是新手,”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说,“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激,适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控,例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说,“经过目前前这些事件,我们将发现,无论是公众,还是法庭,都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步,事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时,领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人?”变成“这边有请,先生。”当我们赶到时,拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时,我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。

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Unit1如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯 1.在人类创造的万物中,语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言,我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实,语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是:语言并不是简单地反映事实,而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。 2.优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具,对于他们来说,如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者,你应该意识到话语的意义,并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言,使其表达清楚,趣味横生,恰如其分。 3.如同数字对于会计的重要性一样,准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前,千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语,一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前,一定要不断地问自己:“我究竟想说些什么?我究竟想表达什么样的意思?”因此,对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说,必须准确无误。 4.语言表达清楚无误,听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此,演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语,这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解;演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语;并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻,哗众取宠。 5.准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象,那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想象。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较,不过有些是相同的:它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻,它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起,暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。 6.另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感:排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起;重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语;头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同;对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起,通常使用排比结构。 7.恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时,恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格,而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分,那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。 8.优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上,熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说,通常有三种论据材料:事例、统计数据和证词。 9.在演说过程中,你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候,你可以罗列好几个简明的例子,借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、

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2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth sai d in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉?华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deli berately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She a dds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

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