新世纪大学英语系列教材(第二版)阅读教程 4 Unit 1-8 答案

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 8

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.A

2. D

B. Reading to find major details

3.C

4. A

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5.C

6.B

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 Katia Eliad, a Paris-based artist, was stuck in a rut. She felt blocked in her creativity, out of touch with herself and for some inexplicable reason unable to use green or blue in her abstract paintings.

巴黎艺术家凯蒂亚·艾利亚德陷入停滞。她的创造力受阻，不能发挥自己的才智，不知何因无法在抽象画中用绿色和蓝色。

2 This year will be filled with his music, but it will also be a time to re-examine the contradictions and conflicting interpretations of his brief 35-year life.

今年会充满莫扎特的音乐，但今年也会重新审视莫扎特短短35年的一生带来的矛盾和冲突的看法。

3 That notion was first given scientific support in a 1993 article in Nature, which found that college students who listened to the first movement of Mozart’s Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos performed better on a spatial reasoning test that involved mentally unfolding a piece of paper.

《自然》杂志1993年的一篇文章首次给这个说法提供了科学依据，该文章指出，在一项要求在大脑里想像如何展开一页纸的空间推理测试中，听了莫扎特“D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲”第一乐章的大学生取得了更好效果。

4 In the decade since, these studies have sparked an academic storm, with many of Rauscher’s peers either refining or debunking her findings.

在随后的十年里，这些研究引起了学术界的轩然大波，罗切尔的许多同行对她的发现要么进行补充完善，要么进行反驳。

5 Today, she’s even revising her own initial conclusions in the light of subsequent research by others, working on a

book tentatively titled Music and the Mind Beyond the Mozart Effect.

目前，罗切尔甚至正在根据其他人后来做的研究修改她最初的结论，她在写一本书，书名暂定为《音乐以

及莫扎特效应之外的心灵》。

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1. This year will celebrate the 250th anniversary of a music genius — Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who has been cast in many roles ever since his childhood.

2. Yet people’s fever about Mozart is bey ond music. Over the past decade, Mozart has been placed in a very controversial role: a healer of mind and body.

3. It is claimed that Mozart’s music can help treat ailments ranging from acne to Alzheimer’s disease. Such claims, however, lack substantial support.

4. A 1993 article in Nature first gave scientific support to the notion— perhaps by far the most disputed— that Mozart can enhance your brain power.

5. The study and its main author Frances Rauscher sparked a storm in the academic community. Nevertheless, Rauscher’s work attracted widespread media attention and made possible a pop-psychology trend known as the “Mozart effect.”

6. But people don’t under stand why music can have powerful influence on the brain. Scientific studies only show that many different areas of the brain are activated when one listens to music. Some of these areas overlap with those used in spatial reasoning.

7. Then why should Mo zart’s music become the focal point of the debate, rather than that of other classical composers? The answer, according to neurologist John Hughes, lies in the way Mozart repeated his melodies.

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 7

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.C

2. C

B. Reading to find major details

3.A

4. D

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5.D

6.B

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 There are equally empathetic, if more sober, nods when Grace Chang Lucarelli, 32, speaking in a soft Texan drawl, recalls “people making fun of me”because she was one of the few Asian Americans in her town.

32岁的格雷丝·张·卢卡莱丽拖着长腔、用柔和的得克萨斯口音回忆说：由于她是镇上为数不多的亚裔美国人之一，因此“受到人们的嘲笑”，对此同伴们也是同情地、但更为严肃地点了点头。

2 And it was there that their kids, now 20 to 40 years old, grew up, straddling two worlds —the traditional

domain their recently arrived parents sought to maintain at home and the fast-changing Western culture of the society outside the front door.

正是在那儿(与外界隔绝的郊区)他们的孩子长大成人，如今年龄在20至40岁之间，他们生活在两种社会之间：一个是不久前移民至此的父母在家中极力维持的传统文化，另一个是大门外社会里飞速变化的充满着西方文化的社会。

3 In doing so, they have updated the old immigrant story and forged a new Asian-American identity, not wholly recognizable in any of their parents’native lands but, in its hybrid nature, vibrantly American.

如此，他们更新了古老的移民故事，塑造了全新的亚裔美国人身份，这种身份在他们父母的祖国没有获得完全的认可，但就其混合性而言，洋溢着美国式的活力。

4 If you were to draw a diagram of acculturation with the mores of immigrant parents on one side and society’s on

the other, the classic model might show a steady drift over time, depicting a slow-burn Americanization, taking as long as two or three generations.

如果你绘制一个表示文化适应的图表，一边是父辈移民的风俗习惯，另一边是生活其中的社会的风俗习惯，标准的图表也许会显示一个稳定的趋势：需要两三代人才能慢慢实现美国化。

5 But at Villanova University in Philadelphia, Ahmed found friends from all different backgrounds who welcomed diversity and helped her, she says, become “a good balance of East meets West.”

但是在费城的维拉诺瓦大学，阿莫德找到了来自不同背景的朋友，他们赞同多样性，帮助她——用阿莫德的话说——成为“融合东西方文化的人”。

6 “I chose to embrace both holidays instead of segregating myself to one,”she says.

她说：“我选择同时接受两种节日，而不是只接受一种，从而把自己孤立起来。”

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1 The children of parents who immigrated to the U.S. from Asian countries share the same sense of feeling like the hyphen in between the Asian and the American in Asian American.

2 Asian American has become an identity since 1965 when President Johnson endorsed the Immigration and Nationality Act, which unleashed a wave of immigrants who came to the U.S. to further their education or get a better job.

3 It is by no means easy, however, for Asian immigrants to assimilate into American society. For one thing, they look so distinctively different.

4 Many Asian immigrants do not cluster in urban ethnic communities. Instead they live in isolation in suburbs, where their children grow up under the influence of both the traditional values their parents try to maintain and the fast-changing Western culture.

5 Yet over the years there has been a steady trend that more immigrants have been Americanized. The more recent process of Americanization bears a distinctive characteristic: early isolation, rapid immersion and assimilation and then re-appreciation of ethnic roots.

6 Though born and growing up in America, the kids of Asian immigrants are always viewed as foreigners, which distresses them so much that some of them would do anything to repel the feeling of alienation.

7 It is commonplace that immigrants kids, especially those of Asian immigrants, experience social exclusion because they mostly live in neighborhoods that lack social support structures —people that they can identify with.

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 6

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.B

2. D

B. Reading to find major details

3.A

4. A

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5. C

6.D

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 Our blood holds the secrets to who we are. Human genomes are 99.9 percent identical; we are far more similar than diverse.

我们的血液藏有我们是谁的秘密。人类的基因组99.9%是一样的；我们的相似之处远远多于相异之处。

2 Our most recent common ancestors —a genetic “Adam” and “Eve” — have been traced back to Africa, and other intriguing forebears are being discovered all over the map.

离我们最近的共同祖先——基因上的“亚当”和“夏娃”——已经被追溯到非洲，在世界各地也发现了其他让人感兴趣的祖先。

3 The DNA in each of our cells not only dictates the color of our eyes, it also contains the footprints of our ancestors. A child’s genome is almost entirely a mix of genetic material created by the union of mother and father.

我们每个细胞中的DNA不仅决定了我们眼睛的颜色，而且含有我们先辈的印迹。一个小孩的基因组几乎完全是其父母结合所产生的基因混合体。

4 The science does have its limits. Since resear chers don’t have any actual DNA from the likes of Genghis Khan, proving direct descent from certain historical figures is virtually impossible.

科学的确有其局限之处。既然科研人员并没有真正采到成吉思汗之类人物的DNA，那么要想证明是否为某些历史人物的嫡系后代几乎是不可能的。

5 Indigenous populations have had their share of colonialist pillaging, and many, still distrustful of the dominant culture, are wary of handing over their blood and the information it contains.

土著民众已经遭受殖民掠夺，许多人依然对主流文化不信任，惟恐交出自己的血液样本及其里面含有的信息。

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1 In the light of genetics, human genomes are 99.9% identical, but it is the tiny 0.1% difference that reveals clues to our ancestries.

2 Population geneticists are seeking to tell the larger story of humankind by collecting a large number of DNA samples from indigenous populations around the world.

3 According to genetics, the DNA in each of our cells both dictates the color of our eyes and contains the footprints of our ancestors.

4 Though science can uncover links to ancient cultures, even religious heritage, it does have its limits. For example, since researchers don’t have any actual DNA from the likes of Genghis Khan, proving direct descent from certain historical figures is virtually impossible.

5 Before DNA testing, scientists had debated whether humans originated in Africa or in a number of different places around the globe. Now, recent findings support the theory that humans descended from a small group of people who lived in Africa tens of thousands of years ago.

6 Though a great number of individuals support the Genographic Project, many indigenous populations are wary of handing over their blood and the information it contains, for these populations have had their share of colonialist pillaging and are thus distrustful of the dominant culture.

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 5

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.B

2. D

B. Reading to find major details

3.C

4. A

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5. A

6.C

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 Their favorite topic of conversation is, of course, relationships: men’s reluctance to commit,

women’s independence, and when to have children —or, increasingly, whether to have them at all.

当然，他们最热衷的谈资是人际关系：男人不愿意承诺、女人的独立、什么时候生孩子，或

者是越来越多地讨论究竟要不要孩子。

2 Greece was known as one of Europe’s most traditional societies, where the Orthodox Church’s strict commandment to marry and multiply held sway.

希腊曾被认为是欧洲最为传统的国家之一，正教会要求人们结婚生子的严格戒律占主导地

位。

3 In Britain, there’s a growing market for books such as Child-Free and Loving It, which journalist Nicki Defago says she wrote “to let women deciding against children know that their feelings are perfectly normal.”

在英国，像《无子无女享人生》这样的书市场越来越大。身为记者的尼克·德华格说，她写这本书的目的就是“让决定不生小孩的女人知道她们的感情生活绝对正常”。

4 In fact, demographers say it was the family-happy 1950s and 1960s that defied the historical norm. 事实上，人口学家说，是家庭生活幸福的20世纪50年代和60年代改变了历史准则。

5 And while child-free households have long been common in the big cities ofAmerica and Western Europe, they’re fast gaining acceptability in more-traditional rural societies as well.

在美国和西欧的大城市，成家不要孩子长期以来都很常见，这种家庭模式在更为传统

的农村地区也正快速地得到人们的认可。

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1 Just a few decades ago, childlessness might have been considered odd in Greece, where the Orthodox Church’s strict commandment to marry and multiply held sway . Powerful social and religious taboos labelled childless women as barren spinsters, and cast suspicion on the sexual preferences of single, middle-aged men.

2 Today, to young Greeks, babies are great — if the timing is right. But they’re certainly not essential. As a matter of fact, having kids is no longer a given among a growing swath of the population.

3 In a rapid shift occurring in countries as disparate as Switzerland and Singapore, Canada and South Korea, young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s, or even 40s and beyond.

4 The trend has spawned a new culture of childlessness. Some businesses even capitalize on the trend by turning out goods or providing services that cater to the childless.

5 In the past, childlessness was usually the product of poverty or upheaval, of missing men in times of war; infertility strikes 3 percent of couples at most. Today the decision to have — or not have — a child is the result of a complex combination of factors , including relationships, career opportunities, lifestyle and economics.

6 While child-free households have long been common in the big cities of America and Western Europe, they’re fast gaining acceptability in more-traditional rural societies as well.

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 4

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.D

2. B

B. Reading to find major details

3.C

4. A

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5. C

6.A

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 Free agents work with multiple clients on a variety of projects based on their unique set of abilities. 自由职业者凭借自己独特的能力为多个客户的不同项目工作。

2 Companies are hiring more free agents than ever before because they save money and acquire niche expertise to solve specific business problems. This is different from full-time salaried workers who get benefits and are generalists in their fields.

各公司比以往任何时候雇用更多的自由职业者，因为这样它们既可以省钱又能获得解决具体商业问题的合适专业技术。这些自由职业者与全职拿薪水的工作人员不同，后者享有各种福利，在各自领域是通才。

3 The social contract that employers have with workers is evolving to one where “it’s less about loyalty and more important to focus on projects.”

雇主和工作人员之间的社会契约逐步发展为“较少关注忠诚度而更多关注项目”。

4 Gigs that pay well and are in high demand include online marketing, writing specialized material for businesses and media outlets, computer programming and copywriting.

报酬丰厚且需求量大的工作包括网络营销、为企业和媒体撰写专门的材料、计算机编程以及编写文案。

5 You want as many people to know about you as possible because they will be the word-of-mouth engine that builds your business.

你要让更多的人知道你，因为这些人的口口相传将成就你的事业。

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1 Free agents are also referred to as contract workers, consultants and freelancers. They don’t re ceive health care benefits, unemployment insurance or collective-bargaining rights.Instead, they work with multiple clients on a variety of projects based on their unique set of abilities.

2 From 1997 to 2011 the number of free agents grew from approximately 25 million to 44 million in the U.S., as people desired more freedom, flexibility and ways to get paid for their professional skills. It is projected that there could be as many as 70 million free agents by 2020, creating a workplace environment with more free agents than full-time employees.

3 By hiring more free agents companies can save money and acquire niche expertise to solve specific business problems. Another benefit of hiring freelancers is that during slow periods, companies don’t have to hold onto them.

Therefore, companies are now moving toward a “hire at will” recruiting strategy and away from a “hire for life” one.

4 It is likely that some day you’ll find yourself out of your full-time salaried job in the current economy. So if you are a free agent or aspire to be one, there are several things you need to keep in mind.

5 It is important to bond together with other like-minded free agents and share resources with them. When you refer jobs to other free agents, they might reciprocate in the future.

6 Make good use of websites where you can bid on new projects, blogs with their own job boards and aggregation sites that compile opportunities for you.

7 What is equally important is whenever you’re not working on a client project, you should be getting your name out there. For example, you can create a website that shows case studies, your bio, a client list and samples of your work.

8 One third of all freelancers are looking for full-time work. And some free agents may prefer a full-time salaried job with benefits. In that case, you need to make known your interest and make extra efforts to turn your projects into a full-time position.

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 3

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.D

2. B

B. Reading to find major details

3.A

4. C

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5. C

6.B

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 She is weak, and rising from a sitting position is an ordeal, so she remains in place, sitting on a special pad to protect her thin body from the pressure of sitting.

她很虚弱，从坐姿中站立起来是件痛苦的事，所以她在原地，坐在一种特殊的垫子上,以使身体免受坐姿带来的压力之苦。

2 She is a favorite of the staff, so sweet and sharing, careful of the feelings of others.

她温柔和善且乐于分享，又很体恤别人的感受，深受工作人员的喜爱。

3 Her real home, her husband of 65 years, her children, her profession, her hobbies and skills, even her green thumb —these have all faded from her life.

她自己的家、相伴65年的丈夫、孩子、职业、爱好以及技能，甚至她的园艺技能，这一切都从她的生活中消失了。

4 Even if told of my visit by her caregivers, she would not retain the information.

即便护理人员事先告知她我的到访，她也记不住。

5 She has lost nearly everything, except what is in the immediate here and now.

她几乎失去了所有的记忆，只知道眼前、当下发生了什么。

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1Mom was diagnosed with advanced dementia. Dad was forced to commit her to a facility; he was her same age and in failing health, and he could no longer cope with her care.

2 Dad is now gone for two years. For mom, her real home, her adoring husband, her children, her profession, her

hobbies and skills, even her green thumb—these have all faded from her life.

3 I visit mom every three months. I space my visits like this so that I can see definite changes in her memory with each visit. I am a physician and I can tell that she is slipping each time I see her.

4 When we have a walk together, we talk about the weather and our immediate surroundings. She has lost nearly everything, except what is in the immediate here and now.

5 I overhear a fellow patient ask my mom who I am, and I almost cry when I hear the answer. My mom says I am some lady from church.

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 2

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.C

2. B

B. Reading to find major details

3. D

4. A

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5. B

6.C

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 Hold it! I don’t care who cuts that pie into two pieces, but whoever does has to give the other the right to select the piece they want.

等等!我不管谁把那块馅饼切成两块，但不论谁切，都得给另一方挑选的权力。

2 There are many situations in which the needs of the protagonists are not really in opposition. If the focus shifts from defeating each other to defeating the problem, everyone can benefit.

很多情况下，冲突双方的需求并非对立。如果关注点从击败对方转向解决问题，那么每个人都能受益。

3 If the union wins, the wages lost during the strike will exceed the benefits gained. Conversely, with the strike, management will lose more than the cost of granting the demands without the strike. So both lose with the strike.

如果工会赢了，罢工期间损失的工资将超过争得的利益。相反，由于罢工，资方的损失将超过为避免罢工而答应其要求的成本。所以，罢工必两败俱伤。

4 Instead, we should see our true interest as complementary and in effect ask each other, “How can

we get together in a way that will make the total pie bigger, so there’s more to go around?”

相反，我们应该认识到我们真正的利益是互补的，进而彼此相问：“我们该怎样协作, 使馅饼更大，大家分得的份额更多?”

5 If he’d been a decent, reasonable, compassionate person, he’d have permitted them the pleasure and self-satisfaction of bargaining up to $497. By saving them $247, he’ll eventually cost them three times that amount in irritation bills.

如果那卖主宽容和气、通情达理又富有同情心, 他就该把价格谈到497元，使那对夫妇得到快乐和满足。为他们省了247美元却最终令他们付出了三倍于此数目的怒火账。

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1 Everybody negotiates all the time. Some people seem to be born negotiators, but for others, negotiation can be a painfully difficult and embarrassing process. To conclude a negotiation to mutual satisfaction, we should view conflict as a problem to be solved, and shift the focus from defeating each other to defeating the problem.

2 If we see our needs as in opposition and start to argue back and forth making demands, counter-demands, there is no likelihood of producing a creative outcome. Instead, we should see our true interest as complementary and collaborate to reach effective settlement for mutual benefit.

3 The uniqueness of each person is an accepted fact. Since nature does not create all human beings alike, your needs and my needs are usually not identical. Therefore, both parties in a negotiation can appear victorious.

4 A negotiation is, in effect, an activity in which parties are trying to satisfy their needs. Yet their real needs, sometimes unconscious and unacknowledged, are seldom what they seem to be. Negotiators may not want to put them on the table or even don’t recognize them. Consequently, negotiations are never totally over the open conflict.

5 A negotiation is not merely an exchange of material objects. It involves a lot more, including the manner of your approach, the tone of your voice, the attitude you convey, the methods you use, and the concern you show for the other party’s feelings. All these things constitute the process of negotiation. Hence, the way you go about trying to obtain your objective may in and of itself meet some of the other party’s needs.

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）

Unit 1

Part I

Exercises

I. Reading for information 。

A. Reading to find main ideas

1.A

2. D

B. Reading to find major details

3 . C 4. A

C. Reading to find relevant facts

5. B

6. D

II. Translation

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 I got into life insurance and did reasonably well. By a fluke, I was put on a committee with several of the biggest salespeople in the industry. I was terribly intimidated.

我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会委员。一时间我吓得要命。

2 Average achievers stay glued to their chairs and postpone pleasure so they can reap future dividends. Many fast-trackers, on the other hand, expect too much too soon. When rewards don’t materialize instantly, they may become frustrated and unhappy.

一般的成功人士为了将来的收获，甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。反观诸多快速成功者，他们期望太多且渴望一蹴而就。当回报不能立刻兑现时，他们就变得灰心丧气，愁苦不堪。

3 I always sought out people who were talented, who had self-discipline. Then I developed their affection and loyalty. I recruited them, motivated them, and when we achieved something, I shared the credit with them.

我一直在找寻那些有天赋、能自律的人。然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。我招募他们，激励他们，每当我们取得成绩时，我与他们一起分享荣誉。

4 Once, with a grand opening scheduled for the end of the week, and much of our furniture still on a truck somewhere between here and the wholesaler, several days’drive away, we went out and bought $5,000 worth of items at retail prices. That ate up most of our profit, but we couldn’t let the builder down.

有一次，一场盛大的开幕典礼定于周末举行,而我们的大部分家具还在商店与批发商两地之间的卡车上，距这里有数天的车程，于是我们便到外面以零售价购买了价值5,000美元的货品。这样做吞噬了我们大部分的利润, 可我们不能让建筑商失望。

5 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln could have been destroyed by his seeming ordinariness. He came from a poor background and had an ungainly appearance. Instead, he went on to greatness —while

giving new meaning and dignity to what the world considered “average.”

美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯本可能被他貌似的平凡所击垮。他出身贫寒，外表丑陋，然而却颇有建树，给世人眼中的“平凡”予新的涵义和尊严

III. Summary

Complete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms.

1 Successful people are actually no more geniuses than average people. They are just ordinary people who have set their sights high, then found a way to achieve their goals.

2 Researchers have found school performance is little related to job competence. Qualities like “steady and dependable”and “practical and organized”are more important. Blue-collar workers with only

secondary-school diplomas may achieve more than university-educated fast-trackers simply by applying self-discipline and postponing gratification.

3 Many fast-trackers cannot tolerate getting help from others or sharing success, often because of an overpowering ego. Average achievers, on the other hand, know how to seek out people who are talented and, more importantly, how to bring out the best in people.

4 Average achievers are not looking at the top job, as many fast-trackers tend to do —but at the job one step above. So they often broaden their knowledge base in a way that many fast-trackers don’t.

5 The best ability is dependability, which plays a crucial role in achieving success. People trust you and stick with you sometimes simply because they know you’ll go to great lengths to keep your word.

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requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

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