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2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析

真题：

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）

The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. （46）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.

If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable comp onent of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.

（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. （49）In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. （50）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

解析：

1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. be viewed as 被视为

institutions 大学，学院

educated 受教育的

legal learning 法律学习；学习法律

the special preserve（of lawyers）律师的特权；律师的特有领域

intellectual equipment 知识体系；知识储备

【译文】长久以来，法律知识在这类大学里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、并列连词和后置定语。

【技巧补充】

（1）被动语态的翻译

若被动句中的主语承载着句中的主要信息（如本题中的legal learning）,在翻译时可以仍然将它译作主语，其翻译方式有两种：

①用汉语主动句表达被动意义，如：In the meeting this question will be discussed briefly.在会议上，这一问题将进行简要地讨论。

②译为汉语被动句，采用“被……”，“为……所……”的结构如：Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history. 希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。

该句谓语后的介词短语in such institutions 在语法上作状语，但在含义上，其为动作的出发者，即主语。翻译此类句子，还可将英语原文中的by, in, for 等作状语的介词短语转换成名词，译成汉语句子的主语，同时将英语原文中的主语译成宾语。例如：A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。

（2）并列连词的翻译

并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或分句。由于他们的使用习惯与中文相似，因此翻译时只需准确的译出并列连词的含义即可。常见的并列连词有：

①表示转折：but 但是，while 然而，whereas 然而。②表示选择：or 或者，either... or 要么......要么∕......或者......,neither...nor 既不...也不∕......和......都不，rather than 而不是。③表示联合：and 和,both and .....和.....都，not only...but also 不仅...而且，等等。

2、On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

manner 方式

forge 形成联系

cover news 报道新闻

everyday realities 日常生活

be parallel to 就像；与......相似；与......一样

on a daily basis 每天的做法

【译文】另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。

【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句。

【技巧补充】嵌套式定语从句的翻译

嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。当定语从句较长，不适合作前置定语时，可以采用分译法，即将嵌套式定语从句拆分成两个句子，分别进行翻译。

例如：Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks（塞尔柱突厥人）（1）who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire（2）where they were employed as mercenaries （雇佣军）。译为：同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，（1）他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；（2）在那里被雇为雇佣军。

3、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

more profoundly 更深刻；更深入；更深

rest on 建立在......上；立足于

the established conventions 已确定的约定；建立起来的规定

【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、后置定语。

译文：但是新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻的理解法律，这种观点基/依赖于新闻媒体对惯例和特殊责任的理解。

4、In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

the basic features 基本特征、基本要点

have a clear grasp of 清楚地理解；清楚地了解；清楚地把握

a competent jo

b on political stories 做好政治新闻的报道工作

【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是:形式主语it、多重复合句、词性转换。

事实上，很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚了解的记者是如何胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

5、While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. enhance stories 提升报道质量；为报道增色；加强报道效果；提高新闻水平

it is preferable for journalists... 对记者来说是好事

rely on 凭借；依靠；根据

nations of significance 对重要性的理解

【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是形式主语it、让步状语从句。

尽管律师们的见解和反映会提高新闻报道的质量，但记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的了解做出自己的判断。

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II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.

英译汉模拟试题30篇参考答案

英译汉模拟试题30篇参考答案 Passage 1 1.参考译文：尽管世界上3350万艾滋病病毒携带者/患者中的大多数人都生活在非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区"~每年还有另外400万人感染艾滋病病毒，但上周召开的非洲统一组织首脑会议的主要议题却仍是解决沖突和发展经济。 2.参考译文：然而这一流行病对于经济发展，或者更确切地说对于经济发展目前所缺乏的因素产生的影响比许多政治家想像的更大。 3.参考译文：南非大都市人寿保险公司保险统计员迪恩莫尔认为，管理人员在工作场所如何对待艾滋病将决定他们的公司在21世纪的头几年能否继续存在。 4.参考译文：在南非，因种族隔离我们有过失落的一代，新的失落的一代将是因艾滋病而变为孤儿的一代。 5.参考译文：津巴布韦薄弱的国民经济在很大程度上依赖于非正式企业和小型商业，而随着艾滋病夺去雇主和雇员的生命，许多企业都自身难保。 Passage 2 1.参考译文:申请基因专利的最大问题就是当科学家们对于基因编码的特定股起什么作用至少有一个大体想法时,它常常就只是大体上的。 2.参考译文：这些所谓的已表达的序列标签可能携带有真正的基因信息，但确定这些小块在什么地方及它们的结构是什么样子需要更多的挖掘探究。 3.参考译文：比确定如何申请基因组专利更令人烦恼的是一个更大的问题，任何人到底该不该对人类DNA提出专利要求。 4.参考译文：专利申请者的支持者坚持说，他们可以提出同样有说服力的理由，即进行基因组绘诗作的大型团体需要专利保护以使他们的工作对他们来说是值得的。 5.参考译文：这种论点不是立足于法律，而是立足于对做人意味着什么的理解上——这是一个连联邦最高法院都不太可能解决的问题。 Passage 3 1.参考译文：重商主义学说与制度之所以重要是因为它们被具有影响力的商人和政府首脑们信奉，而正是这些人强有力地影响着国家公共政策与制度的变革。 2.参考译文：如果促进国内产业发展所需的物资难以获得，则最好是通过建立殖民地或友好的国外商栈来进口。 3.参考译文：重商主义者认为，这些增强国力的手段可以由通过并严格执行规范经济生活的法规来实现。 4.参考译文：几乎在弗吉尼亚的烟草刚开始大批运往英国时，英王詹姆士一世便对此征税，同时同意禁止在英国竞争性地种植烟草。 5.参考译文：凡殖民地的贸易，其所用船只必须是英国制造和拥有，船长和至少3/4的船员也必须是英国人。 Passage 4 1.参考译文：网上的东西目前正毫无管制地进入人们的家中，世界各国得找出一种办法，通过某种国际条约或联合国行动，对此加以控制。 1

1991年考研英语翻译真题

The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base.（71）The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. （72）New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty first century opens. （73）The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States. By 2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.（74）This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavoring additives.（75）Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all，people will have to accept more unnatural food.

商务英语翻译试题(一)试卷及答案-1

(4) to approve A. to abide by C. to have a positive opinion (5) obviate A. to violate C. to allow sb to do B. to comply with D. to come up with B. to remove a difficulty, to avoid D. to be apparent C. to obey a law (7) with respect to A. comply with C. conform to (8) to entertain a client A. to cater for 2.( 1-5)CBCBD (6-10)BCABA ) I 词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分） 1． 该组有 10 个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行 解释。 请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语 规范。（ 10 分） （1） to conclude A. to give one's place to each B. to end or judge after some consideration C. to explain D. to contain （2） to enforce A. to break or act against a law B. to cause a law or rule to be obeyed C. to prevent movement from happening D. to direct something into a particular place (3) to appoint A. to take back property B. to meet someone's needs C. to choose someone officially for a job D. to claim for something (6) to violate A. to break or act against a law, principle B. to beat or threaten someone D. to cause a rule to be obeyed. B. in relation to