写作教程3 unit1 答案

Part A GRAMMAR

Subject- Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement is a very complicated issue and it is not our intention to cover all the ground in this unit. What we attempt to do here is to bring students' attention to some points particularly tricky and let them learn by practice. The method we use in the grammar section of this book is the discovery approach -- to let students find out their own answers. We hope this can raise students' interest in learning grammar and sharpen their inductive skills.

The question of subject-verb agreement is very complicated. Generally speaking, there are three basic principles: grammatical agreement, notional agreement, and the principle of proximity. In his unit, we are going to approach this issue in four contexts:

When the subject is compound

Reference for the Classroom Activities

Summary:

1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it

expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.

2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not …but,the

verb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.

3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not

affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositional phrases such as well as, as much as, rather than, along with in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.

When the subject expresses quantity

Reference for the Classroom Activities

All the sentences are correct.

Summary:

1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take a

singular verb.

2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singular or

plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.

3.Phrases lik e lots of, heaps of , loads of take singular or plural verbs depending on

the form of the nouns that follow.

4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject nouns, the verb

should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.

When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1). He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.

He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges

2). What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.

What one thinks and says are not always the same.

3). There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.

There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.

Summary:

1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person and

number as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)

2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular,. But if the what-clause is in a

compound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.

3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number of

the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.

Others

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1). Nobody in town admits seeing him.

2). Does anyone want to go with me?

3). Are any of you going to the exhibition?

4). None works/work so hard as he does.

5). Books are her chief source of enjoyment.

6). The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting

7). The jury is finally complete.

8). The jury were divided in their Opinions.

9). New York Times is his bible.

10). Semantics is the study of meanings.

Summary:

1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,

and somebody generally require a singular verb.

2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.

3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.

4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as a

unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.

5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take a

singular verb.

6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take a

singular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news, statistics,and whereabouts.

Part B Keys to the FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES

1. 1). The little boy was chicken-hearted.

2). That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.

3). We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake

4). We need to drink the milk before it sours.

5). The child had difficulty finding his way to school.

6) The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.

7). My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.

8). Our university can accommodate 4,000 students.

9). Social customs vary greatly from country to country.

2. The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences

3. (1)experienced (2) elapsed

(3)attempting (4) with

(5)take up (6) made

(7)endeavor (8) true

4. 1). The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.

2). We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested

3). Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.

4). We must pursue this matter further.

5). The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.

6). Al1 the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.

7). The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches

8). The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.

9). (correct)

10). He was awaked to the risk.

5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland.

Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.

6. 1). Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.

2). The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.

3). Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.

4). Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.

5). Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.

6). The instructor as well as the students was at fault.

7). He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.

8). The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial

9). Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display

10). The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.

11). He believes that athletics improves school morale.

12). Up goes the starter's gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.

13). Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.

14). The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.

15). She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.

7. As a way to wind up the unit, ask students to write a note for each of the situations. This can be done as homework.

Part C Complementary of Notes

(12) Notes of Suggestion

Below is an example of a note of suggestion

Part D Assignment for this week Assignment: The question 7 of Page 27 in your text book. Please finish both of questions and hand in next time.