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(完整版)常见英语翻译解析

(完整版)常见英语翻译解析
(完整版)常见英语翻译解析

原文:It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

译文:世事皆利弊并存。

赏析:原句结构比较特殊("It is ... that ..."),理解起来有点困难。“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”,也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处,在引申一步就是成了上面的译句。林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中(第68页)还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。翻译的前提是理解。有人指出。市面上见到的翻译作品,有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误,“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”!初学翻译的朋友,在理解原文上当不遗余力。

2.原文:Their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence.

译文:他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么,全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。

赏析:如果硬译,译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。译者本其译,化其滞,将原句一拆为二,充分运用相关翻译技巧,译文忠实、通顺。

3.原文:Get a livelihood,and then practise virtue.

译文:先谋生而后修身。(钱钟书译)

赏析:原句是祈使句,译句也传达出了训导的意味。用“谋生”来译“Get a livelihood",用“修身”来译“practise virtue",可谓精当。巧的是,原句七个词,译句也是七个汉字。

4.原文:I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support ofwater.

译文:我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉,也喜爱那清亮的流水把我的身体托浮在水面。(章振邦译)赏析:"voluptuousness"不会"clean",是"breeze""clean","support"不会"cool",是"water""cool",这种“甲乙两项相关联,就把原属于形容甲的修饰语移属于乙”的修饰手法叫“移就”(transferredepithet)(《英语修辞赏析》,第145页)。在翻译带有移就修辞手法的英语句子时,有时需要按照汉语习惯将属于甲的修饰语还给甲,章振邦先生在这个译例里就做了这种处理。除此之外,译者还进行了结构上的调整,将原句拆译为两个排比句,加强了译句的表现力。译句的选词也极为考究,整个译句读来音韵流动,口齿生香。

1.原文:I’m not the first man who has made mistakes.

译文:自来出错的人多了,我又不是头一个。(黄邦杰:《译艺谈》)

赏析:译成“我又不是第一个出错的人!”也很忠实、通顺,只是平淡了一点。译成如上的汉语句子,说话人“死不悔改”的态度就活灵活现了。翻译是不应仅仅满足于达意,还要追求传神。

2.原文:The clear heaven overhead was emptied of all its gold.Dusk spread over it,abruptlydarkening the Seven Hills.

译文:天宇澄清,余晖尽散,夜幕降临,罗马七丘顿时昏暗。(翁显良译)

赏析:读这样的译文,是否让您想到了盛行于汉魏六朝时期的赋?一般说来,过多的美化译

文很容易歪曲原文的意义和精神,而此处译文却同原文在意义和精神上丝丝相扣,这就是见译者功力的地方了。

3.原文:There are books and books.

译文:书有种种,好坏不一。

赏析:一个看似简单的英文句子,要正确理解确需一番想象力和推理。理解正确了,还有表达的好坏,比如译成“(世上)有各种各样的书”,就没有“书有种种,好坏不一”来的整齐上口。

4.原文:These alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome.(EdithWharton:Ethan Frome)

译文:她这样一会儿一种情绪,叫伊坦时而灰心,时而高兴。赏析:将"alternations of mood"掰开译为“一会儿一种情绪”后面跟上叫伊坦时而如何、时而如何,自然、流畅。对比原文和译文,在水平上体现了不同的层次.

1.原文:Paula didn’t need any lessons when it comes to officepolitics.

译文:说到办公室里明争暗斗那一套,保拉可算是无师自通。

赏析:坊间可见的翻译教程在论及词的翻译时,大多谈到了词义的引申,学习翻译的朋友对这一技巧也烂熟于心,但如何引申却是个大学问。"office politics"引申译为“办公室里明争暗斗”,不能不让人佩服:没有对"officepolitics"词义的深刻理解,是断然不敢这么大胆的;"didn’t need any lessons"译为“可算是无师自通”。也颇值得称道;再加上句子结构的适当调整,佳译便诞生了。

2.原文:...while his father and mother had written a rather sad letter,deploring his precipitancy inrushing into marriage,but making the best of the matter by saying that,though a dairywoman wasthe last daughter-in-law they could have expected,their son had arrived at an age at which hemight be supposed to be the best judge.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d’Urbervilles)

译文:父母倒是有信,不过信上写的,未免叫人听着不受用,只埋怨他,说他不该这样急不能待地就结婚;但是事情既是没法更改了,他们又说,虽然万没有想到,会娶一个挤牛奶的女孩做儿媳妇,但是儿子已经长大了,也许自己明白是非好歹了,当爹妈的也就不用跟着瞎操心了,用此自遣。(张谷若译)

赏析:“万没有想到”、“没法儿”、“明白是非好歹了”、“用不着跟着瞎操心了”等,都是明白如话的语言,也许同原文比较正式的文体不是很吻合,但考虑到父母给子女的信所用的就应是谈家常的语言,译文反而较原文更合情理,况且上下文所用的也都是这种明白如话的语言句(可惜此处无法抄录),放在这样的上下文中也显得很自然。

3.原文:The result of this was that believers still believed and doubters remained doubtful.译文:此事的结果是信者自信之,疑者自疑之。

赏析:"信者自信之,疑者自疑之",是何等地道的汉语,何等贴切的表达。

4.原文:He had left a note of welcome for me,as sunny as his face.

译文:他留下一封信,对我表示欢迎;那信写得热情洋溢,一如其人。(黄邦杰:《译艺谈》)赏析:原句看来简单,也很好理解,但就是不好译,关键在于"sunny"一词,既同前面的"note"呼应,又照后面的"his face",译成“热情洋溢”就解决了这个问题。"as his face"译为“一如其人”,也颇具匠心。

1.原文:Paula didn’t need any lessons when it comes to officepolitics.

译文:说到办公室里明争暗斗那一套,保拉可算是无师自通。

赏析:坊间可见的翻译教程在论及词的翻译时,大多谈到了词义的引申,学习翻译的朋友对这一技巧也烂熟于心,但如何引申却是个大学问。"office politics"引申译为“办公室里明争暗斗”,不能不让人佩服:没有对"officepolitics"词义的深刻理解,是断然不敢这么大胆的;"didn’t need any lessons"译为“可算是无师自通”。也颇值得称道;再加上句子结构的适当调整,佳译便诞生了。

2.原文:...while his father and mother had written a rather sad letter,deploring his precipitancy inrushing into marriage,but making the best of the matter by saying that,though a dairywoman wasthe last daughter-in-law they could have expected,their son had arrived at an age at which hemight be supposed to be the best judge.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d’Urbervilles)

译文:父母倒是有信,不过信上写的,未免叫人听着不受用,只埋怨他,说他不该这样急不能待地就结婚;但是事情既是没法更改了,他们又说,虽然万没有想到,会娶一个挤牛奶的女孩做儿媳妇,但是儿子已经长大了,也许自己明白是非好歹了,当爹妈的也就不用跟着瞎操心了,用此自遣。(张谷若译)

赏析:“万没有想到”、“没法儿”、“明白是非好歹了”、“用不着跟着瞎操心了”等,都是明白如话的语言,也许同原文比较正式的文体不是很吻合,但考虑到父母给子女的信所用的就应是谈家常的语言,译文反而较原文更合情理,况且上下文所用的也都是这种明白如话的语言句(可惜此处无法抄录),放在这样的上下文中也显得很自然。

3.原文:The result of this was that believers still believed and doubters remained doubtful.译文:此事的结果是信者自信之,疑者自疑之。

赏析:"信者自信之,疑者自疑之",是何等地道的汉语,何等贴切的表达。

4.原文:He had left a note of welcome for me,as sunny as his face.

译文:他留下一封信,对我表示欢迎;那信写得热情洋溢,一如其人。(黄邦杰:《译艺谈》)赏析:原句看来简单,也很好理解,但就是不好译,关键在于"sunny"一词,既同前面的"note"呼应,又照后面的"his face",译成“热情洋溢”就解决了这个问题。"as his face"译为“一如其人”,也颇具匠心。

1.原文:They come out on to the village green and photographeach other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Artila. (Nancy Mitford: The Water Beetle)

译文:踏上村中草地,看到一张石椅,听说是匈奴王阿提拉的宝座,就要照相;一个个登上大位,你给我照,我给你照。(翁显良译)

赏析:名词在英语中占优势,英语句子倾向于多用名词和介词。现代汉语中动词占优势,一个句子不限于只用一个动词,可以连续使用几个动词,即所谓的动词连用,这是现代汉语句法的显著特征之一。请看这里的原文和译文,原文里只用了两个动词(过去分词"said"这里不计),而译文中确有六七个动词之多,前面几个动宾结构连用,中间不用任何连接词,纯靠动作发生的时间先后而产生语义上的关联,读来顺畅、自然。“一个个登上大位,你给我照,我给你照”,颇能描情绘景:追名逐利,是人的天性,争不到名利,能跟有名望的人沾点边,也好像成了一大快事。从另一个角度来看,原文信息焦点在"photograph each other",如将原文后半部分译为“互相在据说是匈奴王阿提拉的宝座的石椅上照相”,未免有些头重脚轻之嫌,用“一个个登上大位,你给我照,我给你照”稍稍展开一下,既弥补了这种缺陷,又使叙述更加生动、形象。

2.原文:Zorro: You’ll kill no more, Colonel, no more.

译文:佐罗:你恶贯满盈了,上校。(电影《佐罗》)

赏析:如果让蹩脚的译者来译这一句,恐怕只会在“再也没有机会杀人了”这个意思上打转转,跳出这个圈子,想象自己就是仗剑走天下,为百姓除暴安良的侠客佐罗,细心去感受佐罗彼时彼地的心情,“恶贯满盈”便会脱口而出了。演员演戏要投入角色中去,翻译电影对白,同样需要投入到角色中去。

3.原文:Is it necessary to shout?

译文:说话就说话,非得叫唤不可吗?(吕叔湘译)

赏析:简简单单、普普通通的英文句子,一到吕叔湘先生手里,他总能译出特色。"It is necessaryto shout"句子本很简单,换作另一个人来译,八九不离十是类似这样的一句:“有必要大喊大叫吗”或者更通俗一点“干吗吵吵嚷嚷的”也可以说是“信、达、切”了,而吕先生却并不甘心,为了译出说话人含蓄、委婉的口气,他将原句译成“非得叫唤不可吗”并

在前面加上“说话就说话”这么一句,将说话人不愿或不敢张扬事态,想好言好语同听话人交流的心理曲曲折折的传达了出来。

4.原文:This film is a dramatic treatment of a threatened stoppage in a factory.

译文:本片用戏剧手法,表现一家工厂面临罢工威胁的情况。

赏析:汉语句子多较短,结构较松散,所以英译汉时常要进行拆句处理,即将原文中具有相对独立意义的一个单词或短语,拆译成一个小句来表达。此处译者就遵循了这一原则,将"dramatictreatment"这一具有相对独立意义的短语抽出来,独立成句,较好的避免了硬译(“影片是对一家工厂的一场受到威胁的罢工的戏剧的处理”)的出现,受到了文从字顺的好效果。

1.原文:You might drop the "sir" in private.

译文:在私下里,你就不要“阁下、阁下”的啦。

赏析:回想一下,日常生活中遇到类似的情况,我们不就是用这样的汉语说话的吗?

2.原文:I am never at a loss for a word, Pitt is never at a loss for the word.

译文:我从来不愁找不到一个词来表达思想,而皮特则从来不愁找不到最恰当的那个词来。

赏析:理解是翻译的基础,在理解时,译者必须注意分析原文中的每一个细节,即小如冠词者也不可轻视。"a word"译为“一个词”,"the word"译成“最恰当的那个词”,都是正确理解的结果。如果对这个译文不满意,马红军在《翻译批评散论》一书中还提供了一些译法,可资比较:(1)我总能找到一个词,而皮特总能找到那个绝妙好词。(2)我总能找到一个觉得妙的词,而皮特总能找到那个绝妙的好词。(3)我总能找到一个意思相当的词,而皮特总能找到那个意思恰当的词。(4)我和皮特都能出口成章,但我用的词大都不可言妙,而他用的总是妙不可言。(5)我总是滔滔不绝,而皮特总是字字千金。

3.原文:"Sitting still at home is the heavenly way; the going out is the way of the world."(by AbuMusa, taken from Henry David Thoreau’s "A Winter Walk")

译文:“在家安居者天之道也,出外奔波者人之道也。”(夏济安译)

赏析:原句出现在亨利.大卫.梭罗的“冬日漫步”一文中,是出自更古的阿部.穆萨之口,用古色古香的语言将句子译出来,体现了阿部.穆萨和亨利.大卫.梭罗不同时代的语言特点。原句是个颇具有警策意味的句子,译句采用了排偶结构,排偶结构同文言语素结合在一起,警策意味就出来了。

4.原文:He sought the distraction of distance.

译文:他想远走高飞,免得心烦。

赏析:"sought...distance"引申为“想远走高飞”,将"distraction"抽出来,正说反译,这样

一处理,译文便自然、流畅了。

1.原文:...but he had still at intervals a kind listener inMrs.Philips,and was ,by her watchfulness,most abundantlysupplied with coffee and muffin.(Jane Austen:Pride andPrejudice)

译文:不过,菲利普斯太太间或还好心好意地听他说说话,而且亏她留心关照,总是源源不断地给他倒咖啡,添松饼。(孙致礼译)

赏析:对比原文与译文会发现:原文主语是"he",译文中主语改成了“菲利普斯太太”,原文中作宾语的名词"listener",译成汉语后成了动宾词组“听他说说话”,在译句作谓语,当然,"kind"也就译成了副词“好心好意地”,修饰谓语动词。后面的介词宾语"watchfulness",在译句中也化成了动词,作谓语。原文中只用了一个"supplied",译成汉语成了“倒”和“添”两个动词,后面各自带自己的宾语。这些翻译技巧的使用都是为了表达上的需要,形势虽然变了,内容却不变,而且译文同原文一样文从字顺。

2. 原文:He would carry a fowling piece on his shoulder,for hours together,trudging throughwoods and swamps,and up hill and down dale,to shoot a few squirrels or wild pigeons.(Washington Irving:"Rip Van Winkle")

译文:有时他还会为了打几只松鼠或野鸽子,掮着一支猎枪,穿林越泽,上山入谷,一连跋涉好几个钟头。(万紫、雨宁译)

赏析:目的放前,行为放后,这是汉语的一种行文习惯。"carry"译成“掮着”,而不是“扛着”,味道更足。“穿林越泽,上山入谷”译得更简洁明了,且暗含一点幽默的意味。用“跋涉”一词来形容RipVan Winkle为了打猎不辞辛苦地到处跑,颇能传神,也是为了传达那么一点点的幽默。

3.原文:Let us go into this deserted woodman’s hut,and see how he has passed the long winternights and the short and stormy days.(Henry David Thoreau:"A Winter Walk")

译文:那边有一座樵夫的小屋,樵夫本人不在,但我们也不妨进去看看。冬夜漫长,冬日苦短而多风雪,这种生活真是够那樵夫忍受的。(夏济安译)

赏析:原文只一句话,用"and"将两个动词谓语连在一起,译成汉语,成了六个小句。译文以“那边”开头,是为了承接上文;"deserted"只是一个词,在译文中化成了一个句子(“樵夫本人不在”);“我们也不妨进去看看”,译得委婉,同时与“樵夫本人不在”形成照应。译文的后半部相对于原文结构上调整较大,两个名次词组("the long winter nights","the short stormy days")都被译成了小句,并列在一起,烘托出樵夫生活的艰辛。整个译文虽在结构上与原文有很大不同,但意思准确,表达自然、流畅。

4.原文:He was not mean in friendship nor in ambition.

译文:他讲友谊,有抱负。

赏析:莎士比亚有言:"Brevity is the soul of wit",写文章也好,搞翻译也好,简洁都是可贵的品质。这里的译者将原文的否定正译,用了两个结构相同的动宾词组,形成并列,干净、利索。

1.原文:Thus the initiative to partition Poland completely,todeny the Polish people any independent existence of their ownwhatsoever,came from the Russians.But the Germans did notneed much urging to agree.

译文:由此可见,首先提出完全瓜分波澜,不许波兰人成为一个独立民族存在的,是俄国人。德国人当然求之不得。

赏析:"Thus"译为“由此可见”,表现了译者在译词时的灵活性;"partition"在英文中本为中性词,译者根据句子内容的语义,译为“瓜分”,表达出了作者的倾向性;"did not need much urging toagree"字面意思是“不需要催促就同意了”,译者引申为“当然求之不得”,符合作者写作时的感情倾向,即对强国欺辱弱小国家的愤怒。好的译文总是能译出原文背后的“情”。

2.原文:Chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh dispeopled the streets.

译文:阵阵寒风,带着雨意,街上冷冷清清,几乎没有什么人了。

赏析:英文是形合的文字,英语句子讲究结构严谨;汉语重意合,遣词造句推崇形散而神不散。请看这里的英文句子,主、谓、宾一目了然,原因和结果清清楚楚,如果按这样的顺序、结构直译成汉语,势必凝滞不化。为了使译句能够体现汉语句式的特点,译者大胆地进行了结构调整,将原文一句切分成四个短语(小句),充分利用句子内部语义上的联系,不用任何关联词,由风到雨,到街再到人,用白描的手法将一幅寒夜凄雨图呈现在读者面前。

1.原文:On this board,thirsty strangers deposited their cups asthey stood in the road and drank,and threw the dregs on thedusty ground to the pattern of Polynesia,and wished they couldhave a restful seat inside.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of thed’Urbervilles)

译文:患酒喝的客人,都站在路上买醉,往这块隔板上放空酒杯;他们把酒渣儿洒在满是尘土的地上,做成玻里尼西亚群岛的花样。他们很想能在屋子里面,有一个安身落座的地方。(张谷若译)

赏析:"thirsty"是“口渴的”的意思,用在原文中当然不是指“客人”渴了想喝水,译成“患酒喝得”恐怕是最好的选择。“站在路上买醉”,似乎不是很忠实于原文,但转念一想,既然爱酒都爱到"thirsty"的地步,那么终于寻找到了一个喝酒的机会,不喝个半醉不醉,反而不可想象了,所以“买酒”即“买醉”。

2.原文:No greater misfortune can befall a country than to be governed by an old tyrant.

译文:国之横祸,莫过于暴君当政。

赏析:现代汉语是在古汉语的基础上发展起来的,相当于现代汉语来说,古汉语有它自己的优势,如词汇丰富、语法有弹性、表情表意能力强等等,在写作和翻译时,适当的运用一些古汉语的语素或词,能给文章带来一种书卷气,显得庄重典雅。上面这个译例就体现了这种特色,译者灵活套用了古汉语的句子结构,使用了古汉语的个别语素(词语),译出的句子简洁、庄重,读者好似看见了一个学识渊博的老学究在摇头晃脑地评说历史。

3.原文:Hearing Debs was an experience.

译文:听德布斯演讲可真带劲。

赏析:如果说上一译句让我们看见了一个学识渊博的老学究在摇头晃脑地评说历史的话,读了这一句译文,我们看到的是另一种场面:一个求知若渴、激情满怀的青年学子在听了一场演讲后,眉飞色舞地对没有去听演讲的同伴大谈特谈演讲人演讲艺术之高超。译者使用了口语体“可真带劲”来译"was an experience",准确、生动。

4.原文:Charity begins at home,they say.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d’Urbervilles)

译文:人家不是说,行善得由己及人吗?(张谷若译)赏析:“行善得由己及人”,在形式上颇像哲言警句,在意义上非常忠实于原文。

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译文:大都市是一国的财富集中之地,时髦风尚的观瞻所系。

赏析:动词"absorb"在译文中化成了名词词组“集中之地”和“观瞻所系”,这种英译汉时“动”变“名”的小花招,对翻译有兴趣的朋友恐怕已烂熟于心了吧?译句工整的结构也值得提及。

2.原文:Friendship and play shorten the day.

译文:好朋友,共游玩,日子过得欢。

赏析:原句出自一首儿歌,为了让译句容易为少年儿童接受,丰华瞻先生以效果对等为翻译原则,不受原句形式上的束缚,打破原句的结构,创造性地将原句切分为三个部分,分别处理。针对原句中"play"同"day"押韵,译者选了“玩”和“欢”两个字,韵母相同,读来流利、上口,也便于记忆。

3.原文:She has beauty still, and, if it be not in its heyday, it is not yet in its autumn.

译文:她依然很美,如果不是芳华正茂,也还不到迟暮之年。(黄邦杰)赏析:"heyday" "autumn"都是比喻的用法,原句后半部还有对仗,翻译时不能不考虑这些因素,译成如上的句子,“不论从意思、文字或对仗来比较,中译都可与原作旗鼓相当”

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译文:周围一切,只是一片空旷的荒寒,一团漆黑的僻静,一股劲风,在上面吹动。(张谷若译)

赏析:“一片”、“一团”、“一股”,量词的准确使用增强了疑问的表现力。

2.原文:She denied it,denied everything,bone and stone.

译文:她矢口否认,死不认账。

赏析:原文中的"bone and stone"形象生动,但将其直译成“语气硬得像骨头和石头”,去不一定能为我国读者所接受,改译成“死不认账”,就自然、生动的多。翻译本来就是一个有得有失的过程,完全传达原文的意义、精神、意韵、形象实不可能,好的译者总是善于抓住原文的精髓,在译文中尽力将其传达出来,而将原文那些相对而言不甚重要的且又无法传达的割舍开去,借用依据哲学的术语,就是“抓住要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面”,至于哪些是“主要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面”,哪些是“次要矛盾或矛盾的次要方面”,取决于翻译的目的、翻译语境以及译者的理解能力。

3.原文:The reverberation of fighting between the forces of India and Pakistan are reaching us inincreasing volume.

译文:印度和巴基斯坦两国部队的杀伐声一阵紧似一阵传到我们这里来。(黄邦杰:《译艺谭》)

赏析:黄邦杰先生说:“对一个译者来说,译一个词,不仅要正确的把词义译出,而且要把这词所具有的特色、词义的细微差别以及作者褒贬的态度和正反的说法,不温不火、不多不少地加以体现。”"The reverberation of fighting"译为“杀伐声”,"in increasing volume"译为“一阵紧似一阵”,绘声绘色,活灵活现,让人不能不佩服。

4.原文:The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century didmore than any other single person to hold back China’s progress.(Lin Yutang:Moment in Peking)

译文:那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治了十九世纪后五十年,使中国不能进步,她可算功劳第一。(张振玉译)

赏析:“她可算是功劳第一”,反语的使用,辛辣无比

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英汉互译

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