英语论文翻译的各种技巧

1.增译法1）抽象名词后加词使其具体化2）增加一个适当的名词。3）增加数量词。4）增加形容词5）不及物动词后增加宾语。6）增加连词。7）增加表示时态的词。8）增加一个适当的动词。9）增加英语中省略的词。10）增加一些适当修饰词语。

2．减译法:由于英汉两种语言在语法结构、表达方式以及修辞手段上的不同，有些词语或句子成分在英中是必不可少的，但若搬到译文去，就会影响译文的简洁和通顺。因此在英译汉的过程中，为了使译文更加简练，更符合汉语的表达习惯需要省略一些可有可无或翻译后反嫌累赘的词语。但必须注意，减译不是删掉原文中的某些内容，在不易减译的情况下，不要随便减。1) 省略代词。2) 省略冠词。3) 省略连词。4) 省略介词。5) 省略名词。6) 省略动词。

4．分译法: 英语长句子比较多，汉语句子相对而言比较短。在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。

5.合译法:和分译法不同，合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起，使其更符合汉语的表达方法。

6．反译法:一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。1) 否定译成肯定。2)肯定译成否定。

7.顺序调整法:一般来说，翻译时应该按照句子原来的顺序进行，但由于英汉两种语言中定语、状语和一些其他成分的位置不完全相同，翻译时需要做一定的调整（例如采用倒译法），使其符合汉语的习惯。9．被动语态翻译法1) 变为汉语的主动形式。2) 被动结构的表化，将其翻译成"是……的"、"由……的"等3) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。4) 增添"人们"、"大家等适当的词做汉语译文的主

语。

对中英谚语的研究与英语学习初探

对中英谚语的研究与英语学习初探 组员：冯勤兴、林月敏、叶嘉仪、冯敏仪 指导老师：肖可琦 (培英中学) Abstract: We do research on the similarity and difference between Chinese sayings and English sayings. From so many examples around us，we have found that the little sayings play an important part in a co untry’s culture history, custom, and so on. We try to find out if the English sayings can help students know more about western culture and thus study English in a better and easier way. （一）课题的提出： 谚语之所以能在“民间”广泛流传，最重要的是其内容来自与我们息相关的日常生活中。既然谚语是由下层农民所创，语言当然是通俗易懂，也挺趣顺口和口语化的，有些即使是几岁的小朋友也容光焕发易理解或记住。 我们之所以选择“中西谚语的区别”这一研究性课题，与上述有莫大的联系。“兴趣是最好的老师”因为我们喜欢通俗且幽默的谚语。例如：1. Glad it’s all over! 2. Learning to speak English is a piece of cake.这些谚语在引我们发笑后留下更深刻的印象。我们想通过两者的对比，从中培养我们的语感，同时能提高我们的阅读能力，而且若能掌握中英谚语特点，从中了解所涉及的文化、风俗习惯等，不仅能开阔眼界，而且在作文中适当用一两句，也是挺惹人欢喜的。这种轻松而又不经意的提高，无论对我们现在还是以后有帮助的。 （二）研究目的： 谚语最大的特点就是“言简意深”，引用它既可以节约语言，用很少的话，就能表达深刻的意思。而且它引用了比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法，富有生动性和趣味性。列宁曾说过：“谚语以惊人的准确性，道出了事物十分复杂的本质。”还有鲁迅也说过：“在方言土语里，很有些意味深长的话，我们那里叫‘炼话’，用起来是很有意思的，恰好文言的用古典，听者也觉得趣味津津。”终止上述，足以让人知道研究其的价值性。 而最令人提起兴趣的是，从谚语中可以看到一个民族的智慧、处世哲学和其他特点，也可以看到社会制度、风俗习惯、生产方法等发展变化的历史痕迹。而这也是我们能从中摄取中英谚语分别的原因，并且借此我们就能很明了地分析出中西谚语的区别，让人们更加了解中国的谚语与说英语的国家的谚语的精髓，提高对这种文化的重视。 （三）课题成果 以下几例中英谚语都有是围绕相同的事物来展开分析的

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毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

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索绪尔提出的语言符号任意性，近些年不断受到质疑，来自语言象似性的研究是最大的挑战。语言象似性理论是针对语言任意性理论提出来的，并在不断发展。象似性是当今认知语言学研究中的一个重要课题，是指语言符号的能指与所指之间的自然联系。本文以中国诗歌英译为例，探讨象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用，从以下几个部分阐述：（1）象似性的发展；（2）象似性的定义及分类；（3）中国诗歌翻译的标准；（4）象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用，主要从以下几个方面论述：声音象似、顺序象似、数量象似、对称象似方面。通过以上几个方面的探究，探讨了中国诗歌翻译中象似性原则的重大作用，在诗歌翻译过程中有助于得到“形神皆似”和“意美、音美、形美”的理想翻译效果。 关键词：象似性；诗歌；翻译

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Infrared Remote Control System Abstract Red outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique,drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos etc.characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission, at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage.Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature, the cost descend, red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application. The purpose that design this system is transmit cu stomer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with receive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provide to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to high frequent load wave whose frequent is 38 kHz, then modulate infrared transmit dioxide and radiate space outside when it attian enough power. The receive circuit receive the signal and demodulate original information. The original signal was decoded by PT2272, so as to drive some circuit to accomplish