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新编汉英翻译教程附录

新编汉英翻译教程附录
新编汉英翻译教程附录

3.重要机构名称英译

学校各部门:

校医院university hospital

保卫科security section

财务处finance section

基础部basic training department

教材科teaching material section

教导处educational setion

教务处the dean’s office

教研室teaching and research room

科研处scientific research department

膳食科catering section

外事科foreign affairs office

学生科student affairs section

学术委员会academic committee

研究生院graduate school

招生办公室admission office

政教处political education section

总务处general affairs office

政党及党组织:

九三学社The Jiu San Society

台湾民主自治同盟The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League

政治局Political Bureau

中共中央对外联络部International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee

中共中央统战部United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee

中国共产党The Communist Party of China

中国共产主义青年团Communist Youth League of China

中国国民党革命委员会The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang

中国民主促进会China Association for Promoting Democracy

中国民主建国会China Democratic National Construction Association

中国民主同盟The China Democratic League

中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party

中国致公党China Zhi Gong Party

中央办公厅General Office of the Central Committee

中央党校Party School of the Central Committee

中央顾问委员会Advisory Commission of the Central Committee

中央候补委员Alternate Member of the Central Committee

中央纪律检查委员会Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee

中央军事化委员会Military Commission Under the Central Committee

中央绿化委员会Greening Commission of the Central Committee

中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee

中央委员会Central Committee /C.C.

中央政法委员会Commission of Politics and Law of the Central Committee

中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee

中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee

中央组织部Organizing Department of the Central Committee

国务院所属各部、委、局的名称

兵器工业部Ministry of Ordnance Industry

财政部Ministry of Finance

城乡建设环境保护部Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environment Protection

地质矿产部Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources

电子工业部Ministry of Electronics Industry

对外经济贸易部Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

纺织工业部Ministry of Textile Industry

工商局Industrial and Commercial Bureau

工商行政管理总局General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration

公安部Ministry of Public Security

广播电影电视部Ministry of Radio, Film and Television

国防部Ministry of National Defense

国防科学技术工业委员会the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security

国家安全部Ministry of State Security

国家标准总局State Bureau of Standardization

国家测量制图局State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography

国家档案局State Archives Bureau

国家地震局State Seismological Bureau

国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission

国家海洋局State Oceanic Bureau

国家计划生育委员会the State Family Planning Commission

国家计划委员会the State Planning Commission

国家计量总局State Bureau of Metrology

国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System

国家经济委员会the State Economic Commission

国家民族事务委员会the State Nationalities Affairs Commission

国家商品检查局State Commodity Inspection Bureau

国家水产总局State Bureau of Aquatic Products

国家税务局State Taxation Administration

国家体育运动委员会the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission

国家统计局State Statistical Bureau

国家物价局State Bureau of Commodity Prices

国家新闻出版署State Press and Publication Bureau

国内贸易部Ministry of Internal Trade

国土局Land and Resources Bureau

国土资源部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources

国务院参事室Office of Counselors to the State Council

国务院港澳办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council

国务院侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council

海关总署General Administration of Customs

航天工业部Ministry of Astronautics Industry

核工业部Ministry of Nuclear Industry

化学工业部Ministry of Chemical Industry

机械工业部Ministry of Machine-Building Industry

监察部Ministry of Supervision

建设部Ministry of Construction

交通部Ministry of Communication

教育部Ministry of Education

科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology

劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security

林业部Ministry of Forestry

旅行游览总局General Administration of Travel and Tourism

煤炭工业部Ministry of Coal Industry

民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs

轻工业部Ministry of Light Industry

农牧渔业部Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery

全国供销合作总社All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives 审计署Auditing Administration

石油工业部Ministry of Petroleum Industry

水利电力部Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power

司法部Ministry of Justice

铁道部Ministry of Railways

外国专家局Bureau of Foreign Experts Administration

外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs

卫生部Ministry of Health

文化部Ministry of Culture

信息产业部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Industries

冶金工业部Ministry of Metallurgical Industries

邮电部Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications

宗教事务局Bureau of Religious Affairs

其他政府和群众组织:

中华全国妇女联合会All-China Women’s Federation

中华全国工商业联合会All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce

中国残疾人协会Chinese Association for the Handicapped

中华全国总工会All-China Federation of Trade Unions

中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China

全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress

省人民代表大会Provincial People’s Congress

地区人民代表大会Prefectural People’s Congress

市人民代表大会City People’s Congress

自治区人民代表大会Autonomous Regional People’s Congress

中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court

中级人民法院Intermediate People’s Court

中央法院Central Court

地方法院Local Court

人民检察院People’s Procuratorate

公安局Ministry of Public Security

中国民用航天局Civil Aviation of China

国家安全部Ministry of State Security

中国民用航天总局General Administration of Civil Aviation of China

中国文字改革委员会Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台China Central Television Station/ CCTV

中央气象局Central Bureau of Meteorology

中央文史研究馆Central Research Institute of Culture and History

新华社Xinhua News Agency

编辑室Editorial Section

辞书出版社Lexicographic Publishing House

高等教育出版社Higher Education Press

古籍出版社Classics Press

广播电视出版社Broadcasting and Television Press

教育出版社Education Press

科学技术出版社Science & Technology Press

美术出版社Fine Arts Press

人民出版社People’s Publishing House

商务印书馆Commercial Press

少年儿童出版社Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House

社会科学出版社Social Science Publishing House

外文出版社Foreign Languages Press

文艺出版社Literature and Art Publishing House

销售部Sales Department

译文出版社Translation Publishing House

音像出版社Audio-Visual Publishing House

中国对外翻译出版公司China Translation & Publishing Corporation

商业银行Commercial Bank

信用社Credit Cooperative

中国工商银行Industrial & Commercial Bank of China

中国建设银行China Construction Bank

中国农业银行Agriculture Bank of China

中国人民银行the People’s Bank of China

中国银行the Bank of China

中国文化特色词语

宗教及传统文化

拜年pay a New Year call

财运luck in making money

禅宗Chan Sect

出家人ascetic

祠堂memorial temple

倒春寒an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 道教Taoism

道士Taoist priest

法师Master

方丈Buddhist abbot

佛教Buddhism

恭喜发财May you be prosperous!/ Wish you all the best!

和尚Buddhist monk

红包red envelope containing money as a gift/ bribe/ kickback 红运good luck

华表ornamental column/ cloud pillar/stele

华盖canopy

回教Islam

慧根the organ of wisdom

基督教Christianity

甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones

江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of Yangtze River

戒precept/ discipline

金刚经Diamond Sutra

京剧票友Peking Opera fan

京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Peking Opera

景泰蓝cloisonné

旧教、天主教Catholicism

坎儿井karez

空emptiness

喇嘛Lama

老字号an old and famous shop/ enterprise

尼姑Buddhist nun

涅槃Nirvana

旗袍cheongsam

三藏经Tripitaka

三教(儒、释、道)Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 时运luck/ fortune

四大皆空all space directions being valid

新教,耶稣教Protestantism

真人Taoism pure man

族人clansman

坐禅sitting in meditation

节假日

春节Spring Festival

党的诞生日Party’s Birthday

端午节Dragon-Boat Festival

国庆节National Day

建军节Army Day

教师节Teachers’ Day

六一儿童节International Children’s Day

清明节Pure Brightness Day

三八妇女节International Working Women’s Day

五一劳动节May Day/ International Labor Day

元旦New Year’s Day

元宵节Lantern Festival

中秋节Mid-Autumn Festival

重阳节Double-Ninth Festival

名胜古迹

阿里山Ali Mountain

碑林Forest of Steles

兵马俑the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses

布达拉宫Potala Palace

长城Great Wall

长春观Changchun Taoist Temple

承德避暑山庄Chengde Mountain Resort

城隍庙the Town God’s Temple

大(小)雁塔Greater (Lesser)Wild Goose Pagoda

叠彩山Piled Silk Hill

东方明珠塔the Oriental Pearl Power

东湖East Lake

洞庭湖Dongting Lake

峨眉山Mt. Emei

二七纪念馆February 7 Memorial Hall

夫子庙the Temple of Confucius

鼓浪屿Gulang Islet

故宫the Imperial Palace/ the Forbidden City

归元寺Guiyuan Buddhist Temple

龟山Tortoise Hill

华清池Huaqing Hot Spring

黄鹤楼Yellow Crane Tower

黄山Huangshan Mountain

九曲桥the Nine Zigzag Bridge

橘子洲Orange Island

孔庙Confucius Temple

坤宁宫Palace of Earthly Tranquility

乐山大佛Large Leshan Buddha

灵隐寺Temple of Soul’s Retreat

龙门石窟Longmen Grottos

庐山Mt. Lushan

芦笛岩Reed Flute Cave

毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

莫高窟Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang

蓬莱阁Penglai Pavilion

人民大会堂People’s Great Hall

人民英雄纪念碑the Monument to the People’s Heroes

日月潭Sun Moon Lake

三峡the Three Gorges on the Yangtze

少林寺Shaolin Temple

蛇山Snake Hill

狮子林Lion Grove

十三陵the Ming Tombs

石林Stone Forest

嵩山Songshan Mountain

太和殿Hall of Supreme Harmony

太湖Lake Taihu

泰山Mt. Taishan

天安门广场Tian An Men Square

天坛Temple of Heaven

外滩the Bund

武汉长江大桥Wuhan Changjiang River Bridge

武侯祠Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang

象鼻山Elephant Trunk Hill

养心殿Hall of Mental Cultivation

颐和园the Imperial Garden/ the Summer Palace

雨花台the Terrace of the Raining Flowers

玉渊潭公园Jade Abyss Pool Park

豫园(上海城隍庙)Yuyuan Garden/ Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼Yueyang Tower

中山陵Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum

紫金山天文台Purple Hills Observatory

紫禁城the Forbidden City

紫竹院公园Purple Bamboo Court Park

节气

二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms

立春the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)

雨水Rain Water

惊蛰the Waking of Insects

春分the Spring Equinox

清明Pure Brightness

谷雨Grain Rain

立夏the Beginning of Summer

小满Grain Full

芒种Grain in Ear

夏至the Summer Solstice

小暑Slight Heat

大暑Great Heat

立秋the Beginning of Autumn

处暑the Limit of Heat

白露White Dew

秋分the Autumn Equinox

寒露Cold Dew

霜降Frost’s Descent

立冬the Beginning of Winter

小雪Lesser Snow

大雪Great Snow

冬至the Winter Solstice

小寒Lesser Cold

大寒Greater Cold

政治经济活动

“达标”活动“target hitting” activities

“豆腐渣”工程jerry-built project

“一条龙”服务coordinated-process service

安居工程Housing Project for low-income families

按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance

把握正确的舆论导向to properly guide the public opinion

把眼光放远一点to subordinate immediate interests to the long –term ones/ to be farsighted/ to have a broad view

把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented

百花齐放,百家争鸣Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend

百年不遇once-in-a-century

摆门面to put up an impressive front

半拉子工程uncompleted project

包干到户work contracted to households

保重点,不撒胡椒面Resources must be channeled to priority projects and not spread thinly everywhere

本位主义departmentalism

变相涨价disguised inflation

拨乱反正to set things right/ to restore things to order

不顾条件,一哄而起to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions

不合理收费、集资和摊派to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization

不良风气unhealthy ways and customs

不正之风unhealthy practice

部优产品Ministry-recognized quality goods/ products

菜篮子工程the shopping basket project

参政议政意识the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs

超计划生育to have more children than what is planned/ extra-plan babies

吃大锅饭the egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”

吃皇粮to receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government

传销pyramid selling/ multi-level marketing

春运transportation during the Spring Festival

磁悬浮列车maglev train/ magnetic suspension

打白条to issue IOUs

打假to crack down on counterfeit goods

打破僵局to break the deadlock

大路货staple goods

大排档sidewalk snack booth/ large stall

大腕top notch/ a heavyweight

待业job-waiting

党群关系Party-masses relationship

党性one’s Party morale/ Party spirit/ Party character

倒爷profiteer

第二职业second employment/ second occupation

第三产业tertiary industry/ service sector

发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance

防洪工程flood-prevention project

房管real estate management

扶贫poverty alleviation

福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system

改革开放政策the reform and open policy

改革开放reform and opening to the outside world

港人治港Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong

高新技术产业开发区high and new technological industry development zone

搞活国营大中型企业to revitalize large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

搞活经济to invigorate/ enliven/ liberalize the economy

革命老根据地the old revolutionary base areas

公费医疗medical services at state expense

公款吃喝banquet at public expenses

挂靠to be attached or affiliated to

官倒official profiteering

国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,

和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peace Coexistence,

和平统一一国两制的方针the principles of peaceful reunification and “one cou ntry, two systems”,

和平演变peaceful evolution towards capitalism,

黑店gangster inn,

黑社会gangland,

户口簿residence booklet,

户主head of a household,

户口管理制度domicile system/residence registration system,

基本国情fundamental realities of the country,

集体主义community spirit/collectivism,

计划生育family planning,

坚持两个文明一起抓ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advanced both materially and culturally and ideologically,

减员增效下岗分流cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoffs re-employed elsewhere,

讲文明礼貌promote civilized behavior/civic manners,

解放生产力emancipate the productive forces,

经济开发区economic development zone,

经济特区special economic zone,

精神文明建设promote cultural and ethical progress,

纠风办State Council Office for Rectification,

纠正不正之风rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices,

九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education,

军转民military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production,

开展扫黄打非斗争crack down on pornography and other illegal publications,科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国战略the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education,

领导班子leading body/group,

龙头play a leading role in/ serve as a powerhouse,

乱涨价unauthorized price rise,

磨洋工dawdle along,

南水北调工程projects to divert water from the south to the north,

全民所有制public ownership/public sector/publicly owned,

三峡工程Three Gorges Project,

扫黄anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography,

四有公民citizens who have high ideas, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of disciple,

涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals,

十年动乱the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil,

退居二线leave the leading post/retire from the leading post,

脱贫shake off poverty,

晚婚晚育late marriage and postponement of childbearing,

物质文明material progress,

下岗人员the laid-off,

下海take the plunge into private business,

下硬功夫make intensive efforts,

乡镇企业township enterprise/rural enterprise,

小康生活lead a relatively comfortable life,

小商品市场small fair,

信息高速公路information highway/info highway,

亚运村Asian Games Village,

严打crack down on crimes and social evils,

严防死守life-and-death defense,

一刀切action in disregard of objective conditions,

一国两制one country, two systems.

依法治国rule the country in accordance with law,

移风易俗transform outmoded habit and custom,

以权谋私abuse power for personal gains,

优生优育promote good prenatal and postnatal care/ improve prenatal and postnatal care,

有经济头脑的人commercially minded people/people with business sense,

治理整顿improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order,专业户specialized household,

走共同致富的道路take the road to common prosperity,

遵纪守法observe discipline and aside by the law

陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)-第3章 词语的英译【圣才出品】

第3章词语的英译 3.1 复习笔记 一、词语指称意义与蕴涵意义的确定 1. 指称意义的理解与表达 指称意义是“词的确切和字面的意义”。并且一词多义的现象在语言中广泛存在。 在具体翻译时,应结合词语所处的具体搭配关系和语言环境对词语的指称意义进行全面、周密的分析。例: 他是我父亲。He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮。This girl is really beautiful. 此人是书就读。This man reads every book he can reach. 是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot? 是古非今。Praise the past to condemn the present. 【解析】“是”在以上各句中的指称意义各不相同。第一句的“是”表示判断。第二句中的“是”应重读,表示“的确、实在”。第三句中的“是”表示“凡是”。第四句的“是”意为“这”,仅用于书面语中,“是”的这一用法已带有蕴涵意义了。第五句的“是”意为“认为正确”,作动词用,也是书面语。 2. 蕴涵意义的理解与表达 蕴涵意义指词语内含的情感和联想意义,是词语的隐含意义。主要体现在词语的修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵等方面。 ★汉语词语的语言形式往往具有浓厚的修辞色彩,集中体现在汉语的国俗词语中,如俗

语、成语、歇后语等等。翻译此类词语时,译者可采用直译等方法尽可能在译文中反映出原文独特的文化信息和审美价值。例: 宝钗笑道:“不用问,狗嘴里还有象牙不成!”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》) “I don’t have to ask,” retorted Pao-chai. “One doesn’t expect ivory from a dog’s mouth.”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译) ★词语的蕴涵意义还体现为词语的文体特征。两个指称意义相同的词在文体上常有庄谐、雅俗之分。 ★汉语中的颜色词、叠词、数词等词汇往往具有丰富的蕴涵意义,译者在翻译这类词语时应充分考虑到它们在汉语语言文化中的特殊内涵,注重其蕴涵意义在译文中的再现。 二、词语英译与语言语境 词义与语境关系密切。“每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词”(Each word when used in a new context is a new word。)所以,汉译英时应结合具体的语境对词语进行分析。 1. 根据语言语境确定原文词义 搭配(collocation)指的是语言系统内各个语言成分的同现和组合,是语言语境的重要组成部分。所以,汉译英时可根据词语的搭配关系确定词义。例如“红包”一词的翻译:过年、婚庆、生日等场合所送的红包指的是“礼金”,应译成gift money; 单位在节假日时发的红包指的是“奖金”,应译作bonus; 行贿时所送的现金也称作“红包”,应译作bribes。 2. 根据语言语境选择译文用词 语言中存在着大量的近义词。在翻译的表达阶段,译者常常需要根据译语的语言语境来

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考: 翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒臵(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换,也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难,归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此,对比、分析和归纳这些差异,便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译,也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析,人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性,在进行交际时,能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法,以顺应这些差异,防止表达错误,避免运用失当,从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能,《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来,“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”,但同时,“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译,译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的,既是精神的,也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中,经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇,他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述:描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇,也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的,是语言与文化层面的逻辑性,这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说:“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性,而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现,相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象,我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏,因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意,如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意,但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间,迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间,英语与法语的天平有所侧重,在两者的遭遇中,译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思,相反,在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中,他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说:“只有在接触外语时,我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷,因此,只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我,可作一明镜,从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上,与异语文化的接触,有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足,便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养,弥补自身,丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中,纪德亲历了种种障碍,他结合翻译中的具体例证,作了某

英汉互译简明教程第一章

第一章 一、概述 1.(1)英语:是语法型,重语法结构,注重以形显意,靠关联词,用显性连接 (2)汉语:是语义型,重语义结构,通过逻辑纽带或语序间接地表现出来,隐形连接。 2.英语的形式接应手段:除关系代词、关系副词、连接代词、连接副词之外,还有若干连词和为数众多的介词。英语的句子通常均有各种关联词来表示多种语法关系。 3.翻译特点(意合与形合): (1)英语译为汉语:形合转为意合类似松绑(注意汉语意合表现力、句法特点) (2)汉语译为英语:意合转为形合类似(注意符合英语句法结构),要求上下文中语义搭配合乎事理,强调的是语言结构内部意义关系的“意合”,即造句注重意念连贯,具体表现是关联词的大量省略,很多成分也经常隐去。 4.关于形合与意合的说明:虽然英语和汉语句法中有形合与意合的 特征以及两者相互转换的必要,但不能由此推断英语中的形合结构必须一律转换为汉语的意合,或汉语的意合一律转成英语的形合。因为每一种语言都有自身的伸缩性,形合与意合两种句法在英语和汉语中同样是存在的,只是在汉语中意合更为普遍,而英语中形合更为普遍。 二、例句 1.形合到意合的转换: (1)I may be wrong and you may be right,and by an effort ,we may be nearer to the truth.也许我是错的,你是对的。我们做出努力,就会更接近真理。 (2)Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genius delight in what one is able to accomplish with one’s own hands.现在美国有一个奇特的现象:一方面人们为上升到不在需要靠体力劳动谋生的地位而感到自

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翻译理论与实践 Introduction of the course(高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲): 1)培养目标(p1) 2)课程描述(p25)笔译 3)英语专业课程设置:专业技能;必修课;高年级 4)教学要求:翻译(八级要求p10) Selection of texts: 1) 孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》 陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(“十五”规划教材) 2)彭长江《英汉-汉英翻译教程》(修订本) 3)自编练习与对照读物。 课程考核: 平时课堂及作业占30%,期末占70% 教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质 教学方法:讲述与实例相结合 参考书目:陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》。 Topic 1 Definition and Nature of Translation 教学目的:旨在让学生了解什么是翻译以及翻译的性质 教学重点与难点:翻译的定义和性质 教学方法:讲述与实例相结合 参考书目:孙致礼,《新编英汉翻译教程》;陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》;彭长江,《英汉-汉英翻译教程》 教学时间:2 节 1.What is “to translate”? The Oxford English Dictionary: “to turn from one language into another” “翻译是从一种语言转换成另一种语言” Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concrete

汉英翻译教程1

《汉英翻译教程》-作者不详,在此致谢! 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解,而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单,翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如: 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的,如译为make an effort,则会使人误解为我们文化水平低,读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语,不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1.他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里,汉语“水平”一词虽未译出,但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成:The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2.要奋发图强,把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度,故译作height,和动词搭配也比较顺。 3.各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”,实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定,在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词,才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 (一)注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别,运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1.农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义,指一切农业经济(农、牧、林、渔),古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中,农与林木副渔并立,是指耕作的农业,不是指整个农业经济,古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2.他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类,故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中,“酒”是狭义,是和淡性酒相对而言的,又需译作spirits。 (二)注意词义的强弱 3.反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈,故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4.孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 (三)注意词义的褒贬

(完整word)第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇).doc

“文化”( culture ) 物质文化( material culture ) 制度文化( institutional culture ) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡( coffee)、 巧克力( chocolate )、 色拉( salad)、 三明治( sandwich )、 歇斯底里( hysteria)、 休克( shock)、 基因( gene)、 钙( calcium)、 维他命( vitamin )、 奥林匹克( Olympic )、 雷达( radar)、 先令( shilling )、 夹克( jacket)、 电视( television )、 激光( laser)、 飞机( aeroplane)、 火车( train)、 交响乐( symphony )、 基督徒( Christian )、 面包( bread)、 盲文( brail )、 圣诞老人( Santa Claus)、 圣经( Bible )、 马海毛( mahair)、 贝雷帽( beret)、 革命( revolution ) 、营养( nourish )、 解放( liberate )、 民主( democracy)、 科学( science)、 独裁( dictatorship )、 心理学( psychology )、 形而上学( metaphysics)、 图书馆( library )、 想象( imagination )、 暗示( hint )、 投资( investment) 磁卡电话( card phone)、 立交桥( overpass)、 隐形眼镜( contact lenses)、

第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

“文化”(culture) 物质文化(material culture) 制度文化(institutional culture) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡(coffee)、 巧克力(chocolate)、 色拉(salad)、 三明治(sandwich)、 歇斯底里(hysteria)、 休克(shock)、 基因(gene)、 钙(calcium)、 维他命(vitamin)、 奥林匹克(Olympic)、 雷达(radar)、 先令(shilling)、 夹克(jacket)、 电视(television)、 激光(laser)、 飞机(aeroplane)、 火车(train)、 交响乐(symphony)、 基督徒(Christian)、 面包(bread)、 盲文(brail)、 圣诞老人(Santa Claus)、 圣经(Bible)、 马海毛(mahair)、 贝雷帽(beret)、 革命(revolution) 、营养(nourish)、 解放(liberate)、 民主(democracy)、 科学(science)、 独裁(dictatorship)、 心理学(psychology)、 形而上学(metaphysics)、 图书馆(library)、 想象(imagination)、 暗示(hint)、 投资(investment) 磁卡电话(card phone)、 立交桥(overpass)、 隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、

下拉菜单(pulldown)、 软驱(floppy drive)、 光驱(CD drive)、 鼠标(mouse)、 电脑(computer)、 内存条(RAM chip)、 复印机(xerox machine)、 安乐死(euthanasia)、 艾滋病(AIDS)、 香波(shampoo)、 连锁店(chain store)、 热狗(hot dog)、 自助餐(buffet)、 牛仔服(cowboy suit)、 T恤衫(T-shirt) 意合(parataxis) 隐性(covertness) 显性(overtness) 形合(hypotaxis) 伦理(ethics) 认知(cognition) 顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、 听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、 听天安命(accept the situation)、 听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。 individualism( 不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素 个体主义”。 整体(integrity) 综合性(synthetic) 个体(individuality)、 分析性(analytic) 直觉(intuition) 实证(evidence) 天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

《英汉翻译理论与实践》教学大纲

《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 (英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice) 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排(见下表): 教学内容与学时安排表

2、课程教学目的与要求: 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程,其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法,使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论,掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅,翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系: 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读,综合英语,语法学,词汇学,英美文化等课程,这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映,它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力,而且它与英美文学,语言学,口译,高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书: 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社(2003年4月第1版)教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text

(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业

翻译理论与实践课作业 天津科技大学外语学院 作业一:字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义: wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. If you think I am for him, you are all wet. She wet her pants at the news. State state and revolution, state of the union the united states. 3.词义引申:抽象化、具体化 Every life has its roses and thorns. She stood there chewing over the strange thing. The engine sounds good. At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 4.词的褒贬:comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 5.词的轻重:看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。Through;free He slept the night through. There is a through train to Beijing. Through this way, they finished the task. She is free with her money. I made her free of my library. 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit 暴发户半边天红卫兵 2意译法 blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket 炒鱿鱼下海白拿 3.直译意译结合法 the apple of one’s eye as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon as cool as a cucumber Black sheep as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法

《英汉翻译简明教程》学习辅导书(课文-演 讲)【圣才出品】

第10单元演讲(Speeches) 10.1 复习笔记 翻译理论选读 一、 A New Concept of Translating by Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. T aber Each language has its own genius.1 In the first place, it is essential to recognize that each language has its own genius. That is to say, each language possesses certain distinctive characteristics which give it a special character. 尤金·奈达(Eugene A. Nida)博士是美国圣经学会翻译部主任。他不仅在美国主持《圣经》的英译工作,还在世界各地指导许多其他语言的翻译工作。 奈达认为,过去人们在翻译过程中过于重视与原文在形式上保持一致,而他主张着重考虑读者对译文的反应,应使译文的读者和原文的读者产生同样的感受。 关于原语,就《圣经》而言,也就是希伯来语和希腊语,奈达认为它们也不过是工具,被人们用来表达《圣经》里包含的意思而已。 关于译语,奈达认为每一种语言都有自己的特点,在构词法、语序、句子结构、谚语诸方面各不相同。各个民族的文化背景不同,对各自的语言也产生不同的影响。译者不必因为译语缺少某种表达方式而抱怨;相反地,他应该尊重这一语言的特点,最大限度地发挥其潜

力,以找出适当的表达方式。他的结论是,要想使译文保持原作的内容,就必须在形式上有所改变。 word-building capacities, unique patterns of phrase order, techniques for linking clauses into sentences, markers of discourse,2 and special discourse types of poetry, proverbs, and song. Each language is rich in vocabulary for the areas of cultural focus, the specialties of the people, e.g., cattle (Anuaks in the Sudan), yams (Ponapeans in Micronesia), hunting and fishing (Piros in Peru), or technology(the western world). Some languages are rich in modal particles.3Others seem particularly adept in the development of figurative language, and many have very rich literary resources, both written and oral. To communicate effectively one must respect the genius of each language. Rather than bemoan the lack of some feature in a language, one must respect the features of the receptor language4and exploit the potentialities of the language to the greatest possible extent. Unfortunately, in some instances translators have actually tried to “remake” a language. For example, one missionary in Latin America insisted on trying to introduce the passive voice of the verb into a language which had no such form. Of course, this was not successful. One must simply accept the fact that there are many languages which do not have a passive voice. They merely choose to report actions only as active. Rather than force the formal structure of one language upon an- other, the effective translator is quite prepared to make any and all formal changes5 necessary

英汉互译教程要略

英汉互译教程总复习 1.Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减,不利于国家间建立信任。 2.This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起,日落而息。 3.A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞,就会销声匿迹。 4.我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6.They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌,把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本,他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8.Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9.人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11.They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12.People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13.这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的,非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清,有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至,口口声声支持教育,却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。 17.Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下,已经十多个年头了。 18.有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道:“快来买呀,过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举? 21.You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 主人对他的冷淡使他更加不自在。 23.I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a与b题型归纳

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a 与b题型归纳 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/624941578.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

以下是课本几乎所有有a,b 的都收集起来了,已经超过老师所说的20多条的.....自行挑着看,重点看第四章!!!其他爱看不看啦... 2.金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园一一咸宁市咸安区南川水库。 9页 a.Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir. b. Jingui Lake is located in the Southern back garden of Wuhan— the reservoir of Xian an district of Xianning. C. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian'an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan 3.本书收集了有关他们(钱锺书、杨绛)生平与创作的资料,有关的评论文章,同时选 编了研究资料的目录索引,是研究钱锺书、杨绛的必备书。9页 a. It is a necessary book to study Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang, since it collects materials of their life and works as well as relevant comment writings,and compiles contents and index of the research materials. b.It includes materials of their life experiences, literary creation and related commentary essays. A bibliographic index is also presented here, which all the more entitles the book to a must for the research on the two. 练习四58页 1.这是民国六年的冬天,大风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。 a. It's the winter of 1917. The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living. b. It happened during the winter of 1917. A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early. 2.世事洞明皆学问,人情练达即文章。 a. The world's affairs, well understood, are all scholarship. Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature. b. True learning implies a clear insight into human activities. Genuine culture involves the skilful manipulation of human relationships. 3.这尊塑像站了几百年了,他觉得这是一种苦役。 a. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue had now come to detest it as a kind of forced drudgery. b. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue felt that it was hard labor. 13.西风,秋水,雁阵,衔着落日的远山,交融在一起,更增添打猎者的无限兴致。 (徐光兴《枪口》) 66页 a. The joy of hunters was enhanced by the west wind, the autumn stream and the wild geese mingled with the distant mountains that held the sinking sun.

第3章_词语英译(新编汉英翻译教程_陈宏薇)【试题.知识点】

1、英军胜利地登上了小岛。 a. The British army climbed onto the island successfully. b. The British army landed on the island successfully. 析:“登”一词既有“爬、攀登”之意,又可理解为“登陆”。从本句的上下文来看,“登”这一动作的施动者是军队,对象是小岛而非高山,“登上”意为“登陆、上岸”,应译作land on ,而非climb onto 。 2、他对事情的进展情况也还满意。 He is quite satisfied with the way things went. 析:“也”在句中是表示程度的副词,不可作“同样”解,不应译为also 或as well 。 3、他是我父亲。He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮。This is girl is really beautiful. 此人是书就读。This man reads every book he can reach . 是可忍,孰不可忍?If this can be tolerated, what cannot? 是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present 析:“是”在以上各句中的指称意义各不相同。第一句的“是”表示判断,第二句中的“是”必须重读,表示“的确、实在”,第三句中的“是”表示凡是,第四句的“是”意为“这”,仅用于书面语中,“是”的这一用法已带有蕴涵意义了。第五句的“是”意为“认为正确”,作动词用,也是书面语。所以,译文的表达也相应地有所不同。 4、知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。 When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge . (孔子《论语》,James Legge 译) 析:句中一连出现了五个“知”字,前四个“知”的词性与指称意义相同,都作动词“知道”解。在这种情况下,译者稍有大意就会将“是知也”中的“知”也理解为“知道”。然而这一理解在此句中无法自圆其说,因为“知之”也好,“不知”也罢,最后都“是知也”,这岂非有悖逻辑?因此,“是知也”中的“知”应作“学识修养”解。 5、南京的风俗:但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。 The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish, which stands for fortune. (吴敬梓《儒林外史》,杨宪益、戴乃迭译) 析:“收拾”在《汉英词典》(外研社1995 年修订版)中相对应的译法有四种:( 1 )put in order; tidy; clear away (2 )get things ready; pack (3 )repair; mend (4 )settle with; punish ,其中任何一种解释都难以准确地表达“收拾”在此文中的意义,即“烹制、制作”。“收拾”的这一指称意义虽未被字典收录,但常常在口语中出现,细心的译者应该可以从“收拾”与“一样菜”的搭配关系以及上下文中找到线索,正确地理解并妥帖地表达它在此句中的意义。 3.1.2 蕴涵意义的理解与表达

英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】

《英汉翻译教程》 第一章总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 (张培基等1983) 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有―象胥‖(谓通言语之官)这一名目,唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到―译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。‖这条注疏,关于翻译的定义,足以给人不少启发。用现代文艺理论和语言理论,也许可以诠释为:翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字,而并不变更所蕴含的意义,——或用近年流行的术语说,并不变更所传递的信息,——以达到彼此沟通,互相了解的目的。 (罗新璋1984) 一、关于翻译 何谓翻译?关于翻译的定义很多。根据《现代汉语词典》,翻译是―把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来‖。根据《剑桥语言百科全书》,―翻译‖这个中性术语是指将一种语言(―原语‖)里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言(―目的语‖)的意思所做的一切,不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为,所谓翻译,是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。(《奈达论翻译》,1984)有人把翻译看作是一门科学(science),因为它有自身的规律可循;有人看作是一门艺术(art),因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程;也有人看作是一门手艺(craft),因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。在自动化数据处理中,翻译又被定义为:―将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言,或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。‖(《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980)凡此种种,不一而足。但是,在经济和文化日益全球化的今天,翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。 翻译是国际间理解的钥匙,据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者(据L·G·凯里1979)。季羡林教授也说,翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说,从中国来讲,没有翻译工作,就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动,就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化;从世界范围来讲,没有翻译,就没有世界和平,就没有各种国际交往,就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。中国加入WTO后,翻译的重要作用就更是不可忽视。经济竞争是在交际中进行,而没有翻译在场,交际就很难进行,交际不成,生意就做不成。因此,翻译的作用,再怎么强调也不过分。 关于翻译的种类可以从下面几个角度来划分: (1)从原语和目的语的角度来看,翻译可分为本族语译为外语,外语译为本族语两大类。 (2)从翻译的手段来看,可分为口译、笔译、手势翻译和机器翻译。

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