研究生学术综合英语课后题

(1)Contrary to what they predicted, the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.

与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。

(2) Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.没有如期收到她的答复（回复），他认为她这是默许接受了。

(3)He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.

法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。

(4)Using the Internet, he was able to look up information on a terrible disease torturing his wife.他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。(5)The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.

这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境

(6)There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.

月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。

(7)What you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.

当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且得到允许的信息源。

(8)In the course of children’s language acquisition, adults should pay attention to grammar.

在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。

(9)It is known to all Arabic children that “ship of the desert” is a metaphor for the camel.

所有的阿拉伯孩子们都知道，“沙漠之舟”是骆驼的隐喻。

(10)Clutter is one of the things you should try to eliminate when you make a speech.当你发表演讲时，杂乱是一切你应当尽力避免的事情。

(1)The government decided to take concrete steps to bolster its faltering economy.政府决定出台具体的措施来支持它不稳定的经济。

(2)The evidence he presented at the meeting was credible, according to his viewpoint.

根据他的观点，他在会议中提出的证据是可靠的。

(3)At the conference, he made an impromptu speech, which left a deep impression on every participant.在议会中，他做了一个给每位参会者都留下深刻印象的即兴演讲。

(4)Experts warn that mankind should use natural resources sparingly.

专家提示：人类对自然资源的利用要节制。

(5)An anecdote about Albert Einstein was rewritten and published in the Reader’s Digest.

有关Albert的有趣事迹，在《读者文摘》中被重新撰写并出版了。

(6)He needs to build up his credentials with his colleagues in biological research.

他需要和他的同事在生物研究领域需要建立他的资格证书。

(7)Winning the scholarship is testimony of her intelligence in the field of physics.

获得奖学金是对她在物理学领域的智慧的证明。

(8)The medical students were asked how they would treat a hypothetical case and were marked according to they are responses.

学医的学生要学会怎样对待假定的情况和对他们的回应负责。

(9)Student should learn how to quote to other people’s statements and also how to

paraphrase them.学生应该学习怎样引用他人的观点并知道怎样声明。

(10)The photographer used a juxtaposition of fat and thin modles to demonstrate the beauty.

摄影师运用并列的一胖一瘦的模特来展示美。（juxtaposition是并置并列，不是站位）

1. I can't remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty devastating.

我不能准确地记起是什么引发了爆炸，但爆炸是相当具有毁灭性的。

2. Of course, that posed a new set of problems for Mum and Dad who were constantly running around trying to contain my wanderlust.

当然，这给爸妈造成了一系列新的问题，他们不断地东奔西走尝试控制我的流浪癖。

3. The industry has pumped massive amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.

工厂已经给政治运动注入了大量资金，使政治家们不太可能更理智地处理问题。

4. I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.

我被要求去投一篇关于新年预测的新闻稿。

5. If it were as cheap and easy to get online here as in America, the British might triple their time at the computer.如果在这里上网像在美国一样既便宜又容易的话，那么英国人在电脑前花的时间能达到原先的三倍。

6. After 1989, the external menace vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.

1989年后，外部的威胁消失了，但美国文明的危险因素依然存在。

7. As the surgeon's health worsened, he became a liability to the hospital.

随着外科医生健康恶化，他变成了医院的一个不利因素。

8. Today, that consensus has given way to a myriad of family styles as a result of people living longer, marrying later, divorcing more often and changing mates to suit the seasons of their lives.

如今，由于人们寿命增长、结婚推迟、离婚率上升、变换伴侣来应对人生阶段的不同需求，这种观念已经为多种家庭生活方式所取代。

9. In order to avoid a good deal of frustration (not to mention time, effort, and shoe leather) that a job search entails, you might want to consider the following approach: conduct a planned, focused job search.

为了避免求职势必带来的深重的挫败感（更不用说付出的时间和努力），你可能需要考虑这个方法：进行有计划有目标的求职。

10. A more plausible explanation would seem to be that people are fed up with the Conservative government.更合理的解释似乎是人们对保守党政府感到厌烦。

1. As we feel our way around the first months of the 21st century, what seemed impossible in the last is becoming more and more believable (plausible).

大概21世纪的头几个月，当我们摸索前进时，曾经看起来不可能的事正在变得越来越可信。

2. In one sense, this could be good news for America: it could predict(portend) greater social consensus, with virtually everyone agreeing about the proper functions

of government.

某种意义上来说，这对美国来说可能是好消息：它可以预期更全面的社会共识，同时几乎每个人都认同政府的适当职能。

3. What kind of task was that for a man who couldn't even discover (pin down) the truth about himself?对于一个甚至不能准确认识自我的人，什么样的任务才是合适的呢？

4. It may be the band's trademark, but after the briefest exposure, it becomes annoying (aggravating) to a large degree.它可能为是乐队的商标，但一经公开就广受恶评。

5. If the value of services exchanged or booked online were included as well, the figures would be more astounding (staggering) still.

如果网上交换或预订的服务的价值也包括在内，数字会更惊人。

6. Parts of Glasgow are the same as (on a par with) the worst areas of London and Liverpool for burglaries.就入室盗窃来看，格拉斯哥的部分地区和伦敦及利物浦的最差地区一样差。

7. The most profound change in our society since the sixties has not been the arrival of new Britons but the appearance (emergence) of a new class.

16世纪以来我们社会最深刻的变革不是新英国人的到来而是一个新阶层的诞生。

8. Police say drugs traffickers are behind the increase (resurgence) of violence.

警方说，掩藏在日益增多的暴力事件背后的是毒贩。

9. They said yes, provided he did not publish anything that would take away from(detract from) their reputation.他们同意了，（前提是）只要他不公开有可能损害他们名誉的任何信息。

10. The shortage (inadequacy) of clean energy resources plagues all nations.

清洁能源短缺困扰着每个国家。

1.They asked him to leave. In other words, he was fired.他们让他离开。换句话说，他被解雇了。

2.The United Nations troops enforced a ceasefire in this area.

联合国军队在这片区域执行停火协议。

3.The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not.

无论他们是否有孩子，支付给每个人的金额是相同的。

4.Your paper does not address the real issues.你的论文没有解决主要的问题。

5.How many vehicles were involved in the crash yesterday?昨天的事故涉及多少辆车。

6.She felt an anxiety bordering on hysteria.她感到焦虑接近歇斯底里的状态。

7.The new technology can be applied to farming.新的技术能够应用于农业。

8.What do these results suggest to you? 这些结果对你有怎样的建议？

9.He has six previous convictions for theft and burglary.

他有六个前科有关于偷盗和入室抢劫。

10.We'll send you the copy as soon as it becomes available.

一旦我得到它我会给你一个复印版本。

1.This incident was not without importance in the following development of events. (subsequent)这个小事在随后的事件发展中很重要。

2.The company report a huge 85-million-dollar loss. （whopping）

公司报告其巨大的损失达8500万美元。

3.Several people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday, but there were no deaths. （fatalities）昨天一些人在车祸中受伤了，但无人死亡。

4.The candidate’s speech was interrupted by applause occasionally. （sporadically）求职者的演讲偶然地被掌声打断了。

5. Luckily she had left the island two days before the arrival of the devastating tsunami. （prior to）

幸运的她在致命的海啸来临前两天离开了岛屿。

5.It took me two months to urge him into action. （prod）

促使他采取行动花费了我两个月的时间。

6.The police have apparently found some new evidence about this case. （turned up）

据说警察已经发现了关于这个案件的一些新证据。

7.His decision to move to Mexico was based on a sudden wish. （whim）

他移民到墨西哥的决定基于他一时的念头。

8.It took the police two years to catch the murderer. （nail）警察花了两年的时间抓这个凶手。

9. A 9-year-old boy was killed in an accident involving a stolen car last week. （crash）

上周，一个九岁的男孩在偷窃一辆车时死于一场车祸。

1. Heavy smokers are twenty times more likely to be stricken by lung cancer than non-smokers.

烟瘾很大的人相对不吸烟者，患肺癌的概率要高出20倍。

2. Most States emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as

a national priority area in national crime prevention strategies.

多数州强调杜绝暴力现象，尤其把杜绝家庭暴力作为预防国民犯罪策略的重中之重。

3. Some activists in the Women 's Movement call themselves feminists, while others who resist political activism choose not to label themselves "feminists" because they feel that the U.S. media often portrays feminists as people who are anti-men.

女权运动中的某些积极分子称自己为“女权主义者”，然而那些反对政治激进主义的人却不愿这么做，因为他们认为美国媒体常把“女权主义者”说成是“反人类”的人。

4. Women accounted for 10.5 percent of cabinet, ministerial and sub-ministerial offices in Commonwealth countries.

在组成联邦制国家内阁、部长以及副部长办公室的公职人员中，女性所占的比例为10.5%。

5. If he still hesitated it was because he didn't want to yield to the other man's pressure, to Alec's gift for getting his way.

如果他仍然犹豫不决，那是因为他不想屈服于对方的施压，亚力克天性就一贯如此。

6. He had never in the past hesitated to make mischief if it served his curiosity.

在过去，如果恶作剧能满足好奇心，那他会毫不犹豫地捉弄别人。

7. In court, the accused man claimed that he was innocent, saying that he had been framed .

法庭上，被告人声称自己无罪，是受人陷害的。

8. More and more athletes play games just for money. Sport is being debased by commercialism.

越来越多的运动员仅为钱而参加比赛，竞技体育正因商业化而贬值。

9. Damaging the production machinery is an underhanded attempt to slow down our output.

捣毁生产机器是一种妄图减缓我们产出速度的卑劣手段。

10. With an air of authority, as if every jug and bottle in the place existed to do his bidding, the landlord gave Harold his drink.

酒吧老板将酒递给Harold，浑身散发出威严的气势，仿佛连周遭的酒具都臣服于他。

1. Whether the cloning of human beings is morally justified is now on the nations’ moral agenda.

克隆人类道德上是否正当，现在正处于国家道德议程上

2. It is reported that the company will promulgate detailed rules and regulations for the efficiency standard of the new water heaters before the end of this years.

据悉，该公司将在今年年底前颁布有关新型热水器效率标准的详细规章制度。

3. High prices are deterring a lot of young couples from buying houses.

高房价正阻碍着许多年轻夫妇买房子

4. People particularly dislike politicians whose speeches are full of empty rhetoric.

人们尤其不喜欢那些演讲空洞无物的政治家

5. We should not stop eating for fear of choking.我们不应该因噎废食。

6．The website was accused of distorting the fact and slandering the president

这个网站被指控歪曲事实和诽谤总统。

7. If you have an open mindset, you will learn from everything

如果你具有开放的观念，那你将能从任何事情中学习。

8. Once a company caught cheating consumers, it will be very hard to restore its business credibility.一旦一个公司被发现欺骗消费者，那么这家公司将很再难树立公司信誉。

9. Everyone was shocked to hear that the dog was the only beneficiary in the rich women’s will.

当听到这只狗是那位富有女人的唯一财产继承者的时候每个人都震惊了。10．The accounting firm is very busy at the end of fiscal year auditing companies

会计事务所每个财政年末都会忙于审计各个公司

1、A number of economic sanctions against the country are to be put into action.(enact)——制定：对该国的一些经济制裁将付诸行动。

2、A special task force was created to help carry out the new policy.(implement)——实施，使生效。设立了特别工作组，以帮助实施这项新政策。

3、Unlike global warming and ozone depletion –which ,if the political will was there ,could be reduced by cutting gas emissions –preserving bio-diversity remains a problem that is extremely difficult to manage.(intractable)——难以管理或驾驭的与全球变暖和臭氧枯竭不同，如果有政治意愿（要解决这两个问题），可以通过

减少气体排放以减轻影响，但是保护生物多样性却是非常难处理的问题

4、The police questioned the “Free Hugs”campaign ,saying that it has had a negative effect on social security.(impact)——影响

翻译：警方质疑“自由拥抱”运动，说这对社会安全产生了负面影响。

5、The suicide bombing could do serious damage to the delicate peace agreement that was signed by the two countries last month.(fragile)——脆弱的；易碎的

自杀式爆炸可能对上个月两国签署的脆弱的和平协议造成严重损害。

6、It has been alleged that the State Department received secret bribes from an arms dealer.(payoff)——贿赂据称国务院收到军火商的秘密贿赂。

7、Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully charged publicly and dismissed.(prosecute)——起诉；控告大部分涉事公务员都已被成功公诉并遭解雇。

8、I can respect someone who is answerable for their actions ,but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.(accountable)——负责任的，有责任的翻译：我会尊重那些对他们的行为负责的人，但我不会尊重总是指手画脚的人。

9、We will make sure that the products made in China are sold and distributed in conformity with the U.S Export Administration Regulations and also local rules.(compliance)——服从；听从；承诺：我们将确保在中国制造的产品按照美国出口管理条例和地方法规出售和分发。

10、Just leave the children alone .Don’t take their trivial squabbles too seriously.(petty)——琐碎的；不要管孩子们了，对他们那琐碎的争吵别太认真（leave alone不管，不干涉，don’t take too seriously别太认真）

1. Innovation and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.创新和努力是这个公司的基石。

2. The children seemed to prosper under their grandparent’s care.

看起来，孩子们在他们的祖父母的照顾下茁壮成长。

3. The sweep of the court’s decision could affect all car manufacturers

法院的决策将波及整个汽车制造业。

4. Some people seem to thrive on the pressure of working under a deadline.

有些人似乎喜欢在截至期限的压力下工作。

5. Farmers have bounced back from difficult times in the 1980s.

农民们已经从二十世纪八十年代的困难时期恢复过来了。

6. According to economic projections, China will overtake the USA in ten years.

根据经济预测，中国将在十年内超过美国。

7. The planet cannot sustain more than 6 billion people.这个星球不能维持60亿多人生存。

8. He could barely disguise his scorn for her.他几乎无法掩饰对她的蔑视。

9. The law prevents job discrimination against minorities and women.

法律禁止对少数民族和妇女的就业歧视。

10. Western leaders put the trade talks back on course.西方领导人把贸易谈判提上日程。

1. American companies have an advantage over their competition in this technology. (edge)

美国公司在技术上有竞争优势。

2. Skinner’s ideas were looked down upon by many American psychologists. (scorned)

很多美国心理学家不认可Skinner的观点。

3. The plants thrived in the warm sun. (flourished)植物在温暖的阳光下茁壮生长。

4. The report emphasizes the importance of childhood immunizations. (underscores)这个报告强调了儿童免疫接种的重要性。

5. The kids wandered about the neighborhood. (roamed)孩子们在社区附近闲逛。

6. They used to work together in this dirty factory. (grimy)

他们曾经在这个肮脏的工厂里一起工作。

7. We stayed in the suburbs of the capital. (outskirts )我们待在首都的郊区。

8. This university’s prestige attracts students all over the world. (stature ).

这所大学的声望吸引了世界各地的学生。

21. It is apparent that winning the scholarship is testimony of her intelligence in the field of physics.显然，赢得奖学金是她在物理领域突出的证明。

22. As for the final test, the medical students were asked how they would treat a hypothetical case and were marked according to their responses.

期末考试时，医科学生被问及如何治疗一个假想的病例，临场发挥的水平决定了他们的分数。

23. Students should be taught how to quote other people's statements and also how to paraphrase them.

学生应该学会如何引用他人的语句，做出相应的诠释。

24. It is believed to be the band's trademark, but after the briefest exposure, it becomes aggravating to a large degree.

它曾被认为是乐队的商标，但一经公开，就广受恶评。

25. If the value of services exchanged or booked online were included as well, the figures would be more staggering still.

如果网上交换或预订的服务的价值也包括在内，这个数据将更惊人。

26. Will you sign our supplication against the spreading of nuclear arms?

你会签署我们反对核武器扩张的请愿书吗？

27. As a promising official, he was drawn by the chance to deal with important issues.

作为仕途新星，他临危受命去处理棘手难题。

28. The increasing violence and suicide bombings caught the coalition forces off guard.

日益增多的暴力冲突和自杀式炸弹袭击导致联军措手不及。

29. Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of inactive business.

购物中心在承受短期的非活跃业务（造成的不利影响方面）有一定的优势。30. According to the Geneva agreements no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.

根据日内瓦公约，战犯不得受到虐待。

31. In court, he repeated his assertions that he was not guilty in front of the jury.

在法庭上，他在陪审团面前重复他的说法，即他无罪。

32. Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moon's atmosphere to

sustain plant life.科学家认为，月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。

33. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources of information and examples.在准备演讲时，请务必引用公正无误的合格信息和示例资源。

34. I can't remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty devastating.

我不记得是什么触发了爆炸，但是那是毁灭性的。

35. The industry has pumped substantial amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.

该行业已经向政治运动中投入了大量资金，这使得政治家越来越不可能明智地处理这一问题。36. I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.

我被要求为报纸上的新年预测做出贡献。

37. After 1989, the external menace vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.

1989年后，外部威胁消失了，但对美国文明的危险依然存在。

38. The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the plight by various means.

政府正试图通过各种手段帮助这些企业摆脱困境。

39. An archaeologist has to pay attention to minute details of an unearthed object.

考古学家必须注意出土物体的微小细节

40. The girl pinched her tablemate's arm to see if she was fast asleep in class.

那个女孩捏着同学的胳膊，看看她是否在上课时快睡着了

21. Most of the local people involved in the affair have been charged publicly and dismissed.

大多数卷入该事件的当地人已被公开指控并被解雇。b .起诉B. prosecuted

22. I can respect someone who is answerable for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger. C. accountable

我可以尊重为自己的行为负责的人，但我不能尊重总是指手画脚的人。c .负责23. All the products made in China are sold and distributed in conformity with the u.S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.A. Compliance

所有中国制造的产品均按照美国出口管理条例和当地国家规定销售和分销。答:合规

24. This university's prestige attracts students, faculty and staff from all over the world.D. stature

这所大学的声誉吸引了来自世界各地的学生、教师和工作人员。d .的地位

25. The expert at the conference emphasized the importance of childhood immunizations.B. underscored. 会议上的专家强调了儿童免疫接种的重要性。b .强调

26. Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have publicized no further details about the accident. C. released

尽管调查已经进行了两个月，警方仍未公布事故的进一步细节。c .发布

27. The differing diets of men and women may also help explain why women live longer.B. food

男性和女性不同的饮食也可能有助于解释为什么女性更长寿。b食物

28. Those with private health insurance not only benefit from coverage, they also enjoy a 30% Federal Government rebate on the cost of their policy. C. refund c .退款

那些拥有私人健康保险的人不仅受益于保险范围，他们还享受联邦政府30%的保险费用回扣。

29. The dog has been her constant companion these past ten years.B. partner

这条狗在过去的十年里一直陪伴着她。b .伙伴

30. These changes have not been sufficient to stem the losses.A. Stop

这些变化还不足以阻止损失。答:停止

31. Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their (peers).

心理学家认为孩子很容易受到同伴的影响

32. Very high taxes have recently been (imposed) on cigarettes.最近对香烟征收了很高的税。

33. Several（hypotheses）for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.

气候研究人员提出了几个关于全球变暖的假设。

34. Why be（sentimental）about that old coat? There's no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.为什么对那件旧大衣(感伤)?仅仅因为你第一次见到我的时候戴着它,就把它留着是没有意义的。

35.（Innovation）and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.

35.创新和努力工作是这家公司的基石。

36. The protests were part of their（campaign）against the proposed building development in the area.这些抗议是他们反对该地区拟议的建筑发展的运动的一部分。

37. You can always( count on)Michael in a crisis. He is simply the most helpful person r ve ever known.在危急时刻，你总可以依靠迈克尔。他是我所知道的最有帮助的人。

38. The two governments have agreed to( engage in )a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.两国政府已同意进行全面对话来解决这个问题。

39. Some people seem to（thrive ）on the pressure of working under a deadline.

有些人似乎能承受在最后期限内工作的压力。

40. They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering（Incentives ）to foreign investors.他们想通过向外国投资者提供优惠来刺激该地区的经济增长。

1.The legend of John Herry is based on a real, historical figure.

约翰?哈里（John Herry）的传奇是根据一个真实的历史人物

2.This book is about the historic developments in Eastern Europe.

这本书是关于东欧的历史发展

3.The meeting next week will focus on interstate commerce.

下周的会议将集中于州际贸易

4.Our top priorities must be profit and commercial growth.

我们的首要任务必须是利润和商业增长

5.It might be more economical to buy the video, rather than renting it so many times. 购买视频而不是多次租借可能更经济

6.There were only two economy class seats left. 仅剩两个经济舱座位

7.The President’s number one priority is economic growth.

总统的首要任务是经济增长

8.We did the printing as economically as we could. 我们尽可能经济地进行印刷

9.Regarding your recent inquiry, I’ve enclosed a copy of our new brochure. 关于您最近的询问，我随函附上了我们新小册子的副本。

10.Important changes are being made in regard to security.

正在对安全性进行重大更改

11.The organization is collecting canned food to help the less fortunate.

该组织正在收集罐头食品，以帮助不幸的人

12.Julia must have spent a fortune on her wedding dress.

朱莉娅一定在婚纱上花了大笔钱

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

学术综合英语unit1_5课后习题答案解析

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

研究生综合英语(翻译+答案)

Unit One An Image or a Mirage V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。 我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Y our happiness will be based on it. Y ou will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the

研究生学术综合英语全文翻译-罗立胜

Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. [Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose wor ds that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。

研究生综合英语1课文翻译

如果要给当代关于克隆的争论找出一个守护圣徒的话，安迪·沃荷当之无愧。沃荷不仅认为每个人都有15分钟的成名时刻，例如律师、哲学家、神学家以及在伊恩·维尔穆特成功克隆多利羊后，发现他们自身特长成为有线电视台夜间道德评论节目热捧对象的生物伦理学家；沃荷同时将“克隆”也就是同一现象的重复复制推向了大众文化的中心。除了复制玛丽莲·梦露图片和金宝汤图案以外，人类现在克隆了羊。遗憾的是，主导目前克隆争论的正是沃荷夸大其词的能力，而不是他的智慧和另类观点。 如果我们用评判一篇有说服力的哲学或法律分析的标准去武断地评判评论员文章、受欢迎的脱口秀和夜间广播节目，那会有失公允。但大众媒体应该更多地将有思想的公共讨论引向关于人类和非人类动物克隆的法律、道德、政治、医学和科学角度。 《自然》杂志公布了伊恩·维尔穆特从一只成年羊乳细胞中成功克隆出多利羊的消息后，我和我在哈斯汀斯研究中心的同事们一样，接受了几家媒体采访。虽然采访前我向一家洛杉矶电台广播员清楚地表明我不是一个神学家，也不代表任何宗教组织，但录音时我还是被出乎意料地问到上帝如何看待克隆以及克隆是否“违背自然创造”。可以想像，广播员不希望讨论宗教伦理学家如何就克隆道德性问题进行早期公开演说。相反，他只是想让我对此有一个剧烈的回应，然后无神论者、不可知论者以及各式各样的宗教信徒就会蜂拥地打电话到广播电台。 除了不停地给公众灌注夸张的惊呼声和文字版本以外，媒体们一致将焦点放在涉及克隆人的问题上，却几乎一点也不关注克隆非人类动物所带来的道德影响。我们当然要讨论克隆人的伦理性，但克隆非人类动物已经发生并值得引起人们思考其伦理性问题。 虽然我怀疑我们能否为克隆动物找到具有说服力的论证，但不应该忽视实际上进行这样的论证与仅仅假设非人类克隆总是没有问题的这两者之间的区别。很显然，人类很多时候已经把非人类动物视为商品，比如作为食物来源。但如果克隆动物的目的是为了把它们作为“医药工厂”原料，用来制造胰岛素和其它物质，治疗人类疾病，就应该引起我们思考这种态度应该延伸多远的问题。人类使用其它物种应该遵循什么样的道德义务？给人类带来的潜在医用价值是否大于鼓励人们把非人类动物视为工具并用来满足人类目标所产生的危险性？这些问题应该成为公众关于克隆讨论的一部分。考虑到一些人对于使用陷阱捕捉野生动物的关注，对于饲养动物生活环境的关注以及在医药研究中使用和对待动物问题的关注，我觉得这方面公众信息的不足比较令人费解。 媒体对于克隆问题疯狂聚焦，这其中最重要的问题是简单地假设人类只不过是他们基因的产物，这种观点通常被称为“基因本质主义”。电视主持人和电台广播员提出是否有可能组建一支全部由迈克尔·乔丹克隆人组成的篮球队。而哲学家、神学家和其他专家已经郑重对此重申回应说，人类行为毫无疑问与基因成分有关，但是包括子宫环境、家庭动态、社会环境、营养和其它个人历史在内的一系列因素在个人发展过程中也发挥重要作用。因此，从一个出色运动员DNA中产生的克隆人也有可能对体育不敢兴趣。 这条更为复杂的信息已经引起了更多媒体关注，我们仍然继续听到描述富人有天可能复制出他们自己，或者拥有换致命疾病小孩的父母可以创造出小孩复体之类的故事。纽约大学科学社会学家多罗西·内尔金所指的“像天命一样的DNA”似乎还在给大众媒体带来震撼。 更重要的是，克隆问题反应出大众媒体希望通过暗示科学“进步”不可停止来培育人们对于技术和科学决定论的态度。当然，许多科学家也赞成这些看法，并且时常拒绝承担 他们参与可能导致人类灾害有关研究的道义责任。但是科学家不应该仅仅只做他们的研究，而把道德论证留给他人去做。他们应该参与公众关于一些科学项目是否有害以及是否应该继续进行的讨论，因为这些项目会带来不合理的、非人性化的影响。许多核物理学家公开批评核武器就是一个很好的例证，他们在限制

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作文 1. Recent years, with the development of our economic, the gap of urban-rural development has reduced to some extent. However, some disparities still exist. Compared with city dwellers, rural residents are used to filling up and eating much meat. City dwellers pay more attention to the balance of nutrition. In the way of dressing, people living in urban city often pursue brands, fashion and colors. On contrary, people who live in country dress just for dress. On education, we can easily find that urban students own better and richer hardware and software resource. Besides, they can get in touch with various knowledge and cultures. Rural students, most of them, get textbook knowledge only coming from teachers. However,Cities are a hub for industrialization. There are more factories and businesses, making the areas more polluted. Additionally, the increased population in cities makes the ground more likely to be marred by litter and heavy use.Generally, the convenience of cities makes them costlier.City living may reduce the need for a car,live in smaller living spaces, In contrast, the upkeep of larger country homes may require more natural resources. These are just a few differences between them. We should make great efforts to reduce the gap and make a contribution to rural development. Then China will become strengthened. 2. Last year, I traveled to shan xi province with my friend. As we all know the most distinguishing cate in shan xi is flour-made dishes. Y et, among them, I’am most impressed with glass dumplings. Generally speaking, a glass dumpling is three or four times the size of a common dumpling. From its transparent skin, we can clearly see what stuff is filled. Its skin often is made with naked oats and starch. As for stuffing, it depends on your taste. If you like vegetables, you can add in tomatoes, carrots,chives,black fungus and some spice. If you like meat, OK, you can add in meat. After steaming about 30minutes, the delicious dish is fine which has various ways of eating, for example, dipping broth, dipping vinegar or having it directly. Have a bite and you will find it flexible chewy. Glass dumplings are not only toothsome, but are healthy on account of containing DF. Eating more grain roughage can promote balanced nutrition. So I like glass dumplings best! 3. In modern times, people have more and more kinds of entertainments. It’s not enough to take simple and common activities. Dangerous sports and other dangerous activities are popular with people, like bungee jumping, climbing snow bergs, etc. But why do people like these items? I think being under severe stress is a main reason. Only in these ways can they relax themselves, abreacting mood and take their mind off their work for the moment. In addition, there are some people liking exploring, and they are eager to be close to nature. Doing these items will increase their knowledge, richening life experience, expanding their horizons and open mind. Surly, a part of youths just seek excitement and danger, believing that nothing can stop them and life should be colorful.

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