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英文期刊翻译

英文期刊翻译
英文期刊翻译

关于目前的问题,本杂志提供充分的文字档案,网址

www,https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6411707053.html,/0307-4803.htm

网络规模的发现,用户的经验

Julia Gross and Lutie Sheridan

埃迪斯科文大学图书馆,埃迪斯科文大学,珀斯,澳大利亚

摘要:

目的:这项研究的目的是看看一小群的大学学生如何使用的新图书馆网页搜索发现的工具,“召唤”,以及他们是否遇到任何有关导航,方便使用和质量的搜索结果的困难

设计/方法/方式:研究人员进行了一系列的可用性研究关于观察学生们使用新发现搜索平台进行一些典型的图书馆资源搜索

结果:文章的数据分析,描述和报告结果的可用性测试。研究发现,新的网页设计提供一个单一的搜索框是一种有效的接口用户。学生们发现了一个单一的搜索框,发现它的解决办法是使用简单,选择典型图书馆搜索任务,似乎提供令人满意的结果。这项研究证实了的保证网络规模的发现,但也指出新线路的查询有关的援助性质,学生将需要在未来,特别是因为关系到他们需要的评估信息

创作/值:网站发现搜索是一个创新的图书馆收藏在线搜索。研究显示一个小样本的最终用户如何体验新类型的搜索和偶然发现一种新的问题,将需要进一步调查。

关键字:信息检索,高校图书馆,高校图书馆,网站,澳大利亚,纸张类型研究论文

序言

在过去十年中,越来越复杂的信息景观带改变了图书馆经营方式。现在新

电子格式的激增与图书馆传统馆藏相并存。此外,现在很多信息被发现在图书

馆收藏着。

最近,网络规模的发现被视为灵丹妙药,将提供google-type检索馆藏。

然而,有没有用户研究证实这一承诺。这是哈德和艾森伯格(2009)和其他

(出版社,2005;2005)研究者很好的文献,许多学生在研究过程中发现了困难,而他们往往选择谷歌和谷歌学者作为他们的第一停靠港。2009年,哈德和

艾森伯格在报告指出,这是该项目的一部分,从信息素养的纵向研究发现:

关于目前的问题,本杂志提供了充分的文字档案,查询该网站的网址为: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6411707053.html,/0307-4803.htm。本研究已获得人类研究伦理委员会

的认可。作者衷心感谢完成这项研究的巴巴拉库姆斯计算机安全科学和埃迪斯

科文大学的学生。本文也承认与感谢约翰的帮助提供了重要的反馈信息。[……]学生被质疑,困惑和沮丧的研究过程,全面研究有特殊的困难和信息景观不断

变化。(哈德和艾森伯格,2009,13页)。

这一发现与许多图书馆员在处理学生信息素养课的经历和在学术图书背景

上的参考咨询联系相一致。这是不难看出为什么简单的“搜索”会立刻呼吁。Burke(2010)指出,图书馆有可能在提供中介机构的信息供应链的作用中存在危险。调查的教师焦急地说,“学术图书馆越来越多地被去除掉从发现的过程,出现在不是它的一个核心区。这是研究核心领域(舍恩菲尔德和豪斯赖特,2010)。此外,而学生高度重视图书馆的“品牌”(一,2005,3),在复杂的导航网站中它们是越来越重要,目前图书馆用多途径去检索许多不同的格式。Lauridsen 和 Stone(2009,p . 41)已经认识到,从打印到网上图书馆藏书

已势在必行,图书馆找到方法来组织和管理这个“虚拟聚宝盆的电子书籍,杂

志文章,文字和图像。大约十年“图书馆系统的开发者已经解决了资源发现的

困境,已经发现各个系统解决方案:数据库表,排序数据库标题列表,联邦搜索,发现层方法来增强图书馆目录,上述组合。其最终目的是将这些解决方案

得到最大限度地使用,减轻用户的挫折,能导航图书馆资源。

图书馆资源发现

新的网络发现方法超越增强图书馆目录,发现层相结合的方法获得两个图书馆目录和杂志数据库的内容,仅仅用了一个搜索工具。“网络发现”的产生系列研讨会,题为“返回到图书馆研究员:定义网络发现:承诺一个统一的搜索索引”,图书馆主办的期刊解决方案和图书馆杂志(infomotions出版社,2009)。应该指出的是,这一地区的图书馆系统的发展,术语在演变。作为育种(2010a)说:“最初,这些新的工具被称为下一代图书馆目录,但现在我更喜欢称他们为发现接口”。把网络规模养殖发现作为一个图书馆发现系统解决方案,“充分利用深度和图书馆收藏的广度[去]超越当地图书馆的收藏[和]目标,宇宙的目的,审查图书馆内容”(育种,2010b,幻灯片70)。

近年来,几个商业发现市场上出现了安可创新的界面,首先从藏书票,连续剧解决方案的召唤,地区发现服务和其他。马绍尔群岛繁殖图书馆技术指南网站是跟踪发展在这个快速增长的领域中。(养殖,2010a)。在他的2010个发现现状报告中呼吁武器库采用和评价这些新的网络发现工具:

虽然概念似乎很有吸引力的,但它只有通过图书馆用户的经历,这些产品才能证明有没有吸引力。(育种,2010c,34页)。

解决方案的召唤

一月2010(埃居)介绍埃迪斯科文大学图书馆解决方案”召唤,被重新命名为“图书馆搜索“欧洲货币单位。决定拿出令人信服的电子图书馆作为图书馆自己的在线期刊记录管理的解决方案。此外,测试召唤给其他图书馆提供了希望(法,2009)。在实施阶段的召唤,图书馆主页进行了重新设计,多个搜索选项目录,储备收集和数据库搜索选项改为一个单一的图书馆搜索框。图书馆的一个搜索搜索所有目录记录和日志记录的单一的搜索,从而减轻搜索“筒仓效应”,以前的资源发现解决方案描述了纳吉和驻军(2009)。早期迹象表明,一个积极的接收一个搜索的电子图书馆,但图书馆更需要充分的理解学生如何实际表现在寻找具体的信息的新平台上。因此,它决定进行新图书馆网页纳入分析的图书馆搜索可用性研究。

该研究项目的领导人在学术图书馆与大学生在图书馆工作,在他们的学科领域帮助他们找到合适的资源。该研究人员的经验是,虽然学生设有图书馆技能训练,他们中的许多人对复杂接口和无数选择图书馆网站仍然有挑战。网络发现平台是最近推出的关于在图书馆帮助降低这种复杂性。本研究的目的是调查是否有资源发现工具实施,提供给学生更容易进入图书馆的信息资源。开始的前提是,如果学生不能研究发现丰富的library-provided内容,他们正在变短的教育类。此外,在财政缩紧的时候,图书馆需要对新图书馆藏书的发现工具有效性的评估。

本文报告的调查结果对在一个学期2010与一组第一年本科学生进行的可

用性研究。具体来说,研究探讨一群学生如何使用的新发现系统以及它们如何

执行一些典型的图书搜索。

研究的重心集中在三个主要问题:

rq1。学生们是否发现发现搜索平台易于使用?

rq2。这个新网站是否提供导航?

rq3。学生取得令人满意的结果是否通过典型的搜索主题?

方法论

研究不同事物的库克香槟(2000)和尼尔森(2000)认为,如果一个网

站使用时是困难的,人们将不再使用它,并尽可能使用一个网站的应该是显而

易见的不言自明。尼尔森(2003)定义的可用性的网站为“质量属性,如何评

估用户界面容易使用”。最基本的和有益的学习方式是做一个网站的可用性测试。尼尔森告诉我们,用户测试包括三个基本步骤:

(1)抓住一些有代表性的用户。

(2)请执行任务的代表用户使用网站。

(3)观察用户做了些什么,在他们成功时,有困难时与用户界面联系

欧洲货币单位的新图书馆网站,其图书馆的一个搜索框,设计了一个网站

更容易获得的学生。可用性设计研究是探讨学生如何使用新的网站,以及它是

否使让他们得到想要的结果。

一旦研究被研究伦理部批准(见学员信息表和伦理同意书附录1和2),

其从核心单位“南玻集团1132通信IT领域中”研究人员招募了学生。这是由

在学校的第一年的学生,专业为计算机和信息科学主成的一个单位,其中一些

是计算机科学的学生和其他的图书馆和信息科学专业的学生。演讲者解释本单

位的研究目的,所有学生参加的单位,稍后提供有兴趣参与研究人员与学生名单。五个学生学员们在其可用性的基础上选择。学生们不以受试者或研究单位,或能力的基础而不同。这五个学生是以下简称“学生A”,“学生B”,“学生C”,“学生D”,和“学生E”。所有的学生都参加了第一学期图书馆技能讲座。两年的学生在研究组,主修计算机科学(男性)和在图书馆和信息科学专

业(一男一女)。所有的参加者年龄在初期至中期20。从供应商选择给他们30美元的礼品券作为他们参与一个小的报答。

本研究的目的是使一些搜索主题问题保持最容易,避免学生疲倦或沮丧。

反映的问题实际是大多数学生会做;然而,他们并不专门设计有关计算机科学

和图书馆信息科学。(主题列表见表一):

一个主题或主题搜索,让学生找资源帮助自己准备一个特定的话题作文。

一个“已知”搜索,让学生找到一个特定的期刊文章。

一个“已知”收索一个特定的引文。

让学生在一个单位的储备阅读清单中寻找一个项目。

细节内容如下表一:

在一个电子图书馆的研究室中进行了可用性研究。克兰西和沃森(2010)

的建议是以客户为中心的可用性研究,其研究人员努力使学生舒适。学生被要

求来求在一个小时的间隔内进行一次友好招呼。一个研究人员解释可用性研究

的过程中,给他们直接解释,和要求他们签署同意书。学生们被提醒是网站导

航和搜索工具的测试结果,并不是他们的能力。其他研究组在录音和准备计算

机过程中使互联网探险家是敞开的欧洲货币单位的图书馆主页。学生们被给予

了四张研究表,并要求通过自己的思路来解决问题。

TechSmith’s Camtasia的6个软件控制摄像头和麦克风耳机,并按照每

个学生的行动,鼠标点击和任何口头评来使用。并且被Camtasia记录着,当每个学生使用的电脑的收索过程被投射到大屏幕,使研究人员能够观察和记录。Camtasia的视频为研究人员审查提供了一个备份。

如上所述,虽然本研究进行进行了一小时,但没有学生花了超过25分钟

的时间完成学业。学生们被给予了竟可能多的时间,但没有人冲。他们被告知,在任何时间他们可以放弃一个问题和移动到下一个问题。

所有的学生都是新手用户,但是,如前所述,学期前他们已经收到了教育学院图书馆的馆员信息。图书馆教育会议是一小时的讲座时间:介绍了搜索过程,主题的分析,主要关键字的概念,布尔算子的操作;图书馆概况;图书馆

数据库技术和图书馆搜索(本研究正在测试图书馆新发现的工具)。

图书馆主页的设计

2010年一月改版在时间上配合新引进的图书馆的一个搜索(召唤)。研究人员认为,图书馆主页的设计对学生在选择网站的导航路径上将有重大影响。在2005和2006,电子图书馆进行了一系列的可用性研究(Gross and Leslie,2006),但最近没有什么新进展。2006以来出现了一些图书馆网站的重新设计,但没有进行全面的可用性测试。

可以看出,在图1中,2009年在图书馆主页的中心屏幕上有三个搜索选项:图书馆目录搜索的顶部(主要是书,光盘,更多),储备读数搜索(图书馆目录)和metaquest(数据库)搜索使用图书馆的藏书票联合搜索产品。

在2010年,图书馆主页的中心屏幕(图2)已清楚地放着,一个都不会遗漏。五个以前使用的链接寻找资源,现在突出放在下面:图书馆目录,储备收集,图书记录,所有数据库和学科指南;这些链接不再伴随搜索框或文本描述。

调查结果

本研究旨在探讨重新设计图书馆网页是否是学生单库搜索的唯一路径。五个学生的所有结果清楚地写在表二中,目前图书馆搜索是首选的导航路径。

图1

图2

研究的目的是确定单一的搜索发现解决办法是否使用简单。研究结果表明,重新设计图书馆网页和中心屏幕突出图书馆的一个搜索框实现了导航的简

化和在一个方向指导学生。以前的学生可能有三个的搜索途径伴随着搜索盒:

图书馆目录,读数储备,搜索数据库(欧洲货币单位称为metaquest)。学生

在本研究中的开始学习过程中没有问题。全部选择图书收索,尽管一些搜索专

门可以通过图书馆目录搜索快速设计的。不过,大多数学生什么时候用一个非

常简单的电子储备搜索阅读。在2009版本中,这是一个特定的网页搜索选项和放置在屏幕的中心。电子储备项目图书馆的一个搜索结果显示列表被称为“网

络资源”,学生被误导,大多数学生没有意识到这是一个电子文档。甚至当电

子储备项目出现在他们的收索结果中,他们并没有意识到这是他们所寻找的。

有一些导航问题产生于研究数据,他们受外面图书馆的控制。例如,学生是主要的切入点,欧洲货币单位网站为欧洲学生和图书馆提供的链接在这里是

有限的,而且,由于各种原因,还指图书馆联合搜索选项,这是已经被淘汰了。一个学生的可用性研究陷入了学生门户的困境中和无法找到他的方式回到图书

馆主页。

许多网站评论家发现了一个美丽的想法,用一个单一的搜索盒检索项目,所有来源是因为它的清晰和易于使用,大多数图书馆是进行这种方式。不出所料,这项研究证实,一个简化的,整洁的页面为学生导航。

一旦进入图书馆搜索,大多数学生没有遇到困难,他们在这种环境中能回答学习中所有的搜索问题。然而,观察他们很明显知道,他们对解释屏幕成果

和理解格式的不同有困难。例如,在图书馆的一个搜索结果列表显示,学生们

对书的记录和书的评论有困惑。

另一个研究目的是,是发现一个单一的搜索解决方案能否提供令人满意的结果。当然,简单的搜索界面不能解决内容复杂性问题,资源仍然不得不评价,

有大量的信息产生时这是特别有问题的。他们往往没有意识到他们不知道”。在这项研究中研究人员发现,学生似乎不理解各种格式之间的信息差异。他们发现–例如项目是否是一个杂志或报纸的文章。

这表明,学生没有一个图书馆帮助可以找到大量的信息–但他们能否找到有用的信息?研究人员发现,大多数学生在这里使用模糊关键字搜索;换句话说,他们的分析问题并提出有益关键词能力不强。

讨论

在研究组一年级五个学生谁自愿参与可用性研究。所有学习计算机科学或者图书馆与信息科学。不同学科的学生对不同的研究,我们都应该谨慎推断结果。这项研究表明,在这个小队列所有学生都能够比较快地找到信息,但他们对资料的格式没有概念。一些研究者怀疑这是否因为格式是模糊的,而学生满意的任何相关信息检索就不管它的格式。例如,博(2010,p . 5)叙述:

图书馆往往没有意识到的是,用户看到的大多数信息对象是相同的。如果不比,相关主题整本书的文章是一样好。而图书馆统计数据库,这些数据库代表了数百万用户想要的资料,他们需要简单的访问。

在这项研究中接近搜索任务的学生是有信心的。然而,该研究人员问他们是否真的明白他们的发现研是否究遇到的一些问题:

(1)是否图书馆有一个单一的搜索结果列表区别格式之间的差异?

(2)如果是这样,这是否真的关系到终端用户?

(3)是否图书馆和搜索解决方案给学术课程造成难题?

(4)应重新考虑他们在图书馆的馆员技能训练吗?

(5)本研究结果与学生在一个庞大的学科的认识有什么不同?

结论

在这项研究中,在百分之80个案件中参与者选择图书馆的搜索,但其他途径在他们的图书馆教育会议已经被包括。他们选择了图书馆的一个搜索,甚至替代途径可能证明有更丰硕的成果。这引起了一个问题:是否单一的搜索框限制学生探索其他选择吗?另一个悬而未决的问题是:什么类型的内容应包括在图书馆教育会议中?毫无疑问的是,学生们发现一个简单的图书馆搜索方法得到的结果可能比他们以前的各种选项更容易;然而,学生们不能够完全理解结果他们获得的的这些结果。在Burke(2010)的研究中,学生似乎看到的所有信息都具有同等价值,然而似乎不能够区分信息的来源。图书馆搜索的一个优点是,将搜索所有可用的材料通过图书馆,包括学术期刊和报纸,和目前他们单一的清单。然而,在信息来源上,这把责任归咎于用户的理解和评估,并使用各种图书馆搜索限制方面,以确保他们获得适当的信息来源。因此,简单的界面可能是双刃。一方面它给学生信心。然而,另一方面,这并不意味着他们有任何伟大的理解,寻求信息或资源评价。只有五个之中的参与者可以使用图书馆的高级搜索和限制方面作为一个标准的搜索技术。看来,作为图书馆管理员,我们的作用帮助了学生如何使用界面找到数据可以减少;但相反的,我们的作用是帮助他们发展搜索战略和评价,将有用的信息变得更加重要。

观察一个小组或同组学生研究范围是有限的。然而,它对可用性网络规模的发现作出了巨大的贡献,并已出现的一些悬而未决的问题,将是值得进一步探索。搜索任务和图书馆信息素养培训他们收到了吗?在未来,它的内容应包括图书馆信息素养课程?这些研究结果表明,信息素养评价是必需的。

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经典中文英文翻译

经典中文的英译 但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心,其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.

合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月,低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.

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