专业英语期末复习翻译

1.If you are bit serious about the electronics hobby I recommend learning the “color code”.

如果你对电子技术感兴趣，建议学会“彩色条形码”的电阻识别方法

1.resistors are used to limit current flowing to a device ,thereby preventing it from burning out, as

voltage dividers to reduce voltage for other circuits, as transistor biasing circuits, and to serve as circuit loads.

电阻常用作限电流器件，限制流过元器件的电流，防止烧坏器件，电阻也可以用作分压器，以减少其他电路电压，还可以用在晶体管偏置电路中作为负载。

2. A capacitor will block DC current, but appears to pass AC current by charging and

discharging.

电容可以阻隔直流，但能通过充放电的方式通交流

3. A powered iron core in the shape of a cylinder may be adjusted in and out of the core to vary

the inductance.

一个强磁的固定圆柱铁芯，可以通过调节进入线圈，或从线圈中出来，来改变电感

4.The input voltage is to the primary winding and the induced voltage is taken off the secondary

winding.

输入电压加在原线阻上，则副绕线阻两端输出感应电压。

5.At any node of circuits, at every instant of time ,the sum of the currents into the node is equal

to the sum of the sum of the currents out of node .

对于电路的任何一个节点，在每一瞬间时流入节点的电流总和等于节点流出电流之和

6.Suppose that u(t)=1V ,Then the electric directly proportional is 1V above the potential at the

bottom.

假设U（t）=1V；则材料顶部的电势比材料底部的电势高1V

7. A bus is a collection of wires on which electrical signals pass between components in the

system.

总线是指一组在系统各个部件之间传递各种信号的导线

8.Less power is required to transmit high frequencies than low frequencies ; therefore, it is more

efficient to transmit high frequencies containing over great distances.

传递高频信号要比传递低频信号消耗功率小，所以远距离传送包含信息的高频信号的效率比较高。

9.An AM signal as seen on an oscilloscope will show modulation peaks and modulation valleys.

在示波器中可以看到的一个调幅信号有调制峰值和调制谷值

10.Furthermore suppose that circuit A contains no dependent source that is dependent on

variable in circuit B , and vice versa.

此外，假设不含受控源电路A是依赖于电路B变量，反之亦然。

在假设电路A部分中没有受电路B部分中的变量控制的受控电源，反过来也一样

11.A register is a group of flip-flop capable of storing one bit of information. The flip-flop hold the

binary information and the gates control when and how new information is transferred into the register.

一个寄存器是一组触发器，每个触发器能存储一个二进制信息。触发器保存二进制信息，门电路控制何时把新信息送入寄存器。

12.A ripple counter contains a chain of flip-flips with the output of each one feeding the input of

the next.

一个异步记数器中包含若干个触发器，每个触发器的输出端与下一个触发器的输入端连接

13.The main memory is a relatively large and fast memory used to store programs and data

during the computer operation.

主存储器是一个比较大的和快速的存储器用来存储程序和数据的计算机操作期间。

主存是一个相当大而且速度极快的存储器，用来存储CPU操作使能程序和数据。

14. A signal in this context can represent a number of different things.

在这种情况下，一个信号可以表示许多不同的东西。

15.Like a general-purpose microprocessor, a DSP is programmable device, with its own native

instruction code.

像一个通用微处理器，DSP是一种可编程器件，具有其自己的本地指令代码。

16.Every conductor has a capacitance, inductance,and frequency-dependent resistance.

每个电阻，电容，电感都有其频率相关性和阻抗特性。

17.A bitmap is constituted of rows of pixels, contraction of words" picture Element ”.

位图由一行行的像素组成，像素是“图像元素”的缩写

18.In other words, an image is an enormous two-dimensional array of color values, pixels, each

of them coded on 3 bytes, representing the three primary colors.

这就是说，一幅图像是一个巨大的二维颜色阵列。而每个像素都被编码成3个字节，代表三原色。

19.To obtain the voltage uoc-called the open-circuit voltage between nodes a and b. This voltage

is Uoc.

求开路端电压Uoc的方法是从电路A旁边一走路B,求出节点a和b之间的电压就是Uoc

20.Suppose we are given an arbitrary circuit containing any or of the following elements resistors ,

voltage sources , current sources.

假设给定的任意电路中含有若干个下列元件：电阻，电压源，电流源。

21.The binary system is the primary language of the computer.

二进制是计算机的基本语言。

22.Individual logic gates can stand-alone , if only a single logic function is needed , or they can be

combined with other gates for more complex operations.

单个逻辑门在只需单独逻辑功能时可以单独使用，它们也可以与其他门组合，以实现更复杂的逻辑运算。

23.A register is a group of flip-flop capable of storing one bit of information.

一个寄存器是一组触发器，每个触发器能存储一个二进制信息

24.Logic , generally speaking , is the science of formal principles of reasoning.

一般来说，逻辑学是按推理原则处理的科学。

25.When the computer finishes its operations on the information , the output is printed or

displayed in number system other than decimal , and this too must be converted , this tine back to the decimal system.

当计算机对所给的信息处理的信息完成后，输出的信息是以非十进制形式打印或显示出来的，因此这些输出信息也必须再转换，这次转换回十进制。

26.The clear input must be maintained at logic 1 during normal clocked operation.

清除输出端在正常始终控制时必须保持逻辑1

27.A synchronous counter has complex internal structure to ensure that all its outputs change

precisely together on each clock pulse .

同步计数器具有复杂的内部结构，以保证所有的计数器输出都在同一脉冲输出时改变。

28.To the CPU, most I/o devices look like memory because the CPU can store data to an output

device and read data from an input device.

对CPU而言，大量的输入\输出口就像存储器一样，因为CPU可以把数据存储在输出设备中，也可以在输入设备中读入数据

29.The signal travel at such a rate that even distances of just a few centimeters cause timing

problems.

信号的传输速度非常快，以至于信号线即使只有几厘米距离都有可能导致时间问题。

30.When the software wants to access some particular memory location or I/O device , it places

the corresponding address on the address bus.

当软件需要访问一些特定的存储位置或输入\输出设备时，它把相应的位置值放在地址总线上。

31.The stored information remains valid as long as power is applied to the unit.

只要芯片与电源相连接，存储信息始终有效。

32.The static RAM is easier to ues and has shorter read and write cycles.

静态RAM用起来方便且有较短的读写周期。

33.There are coils , which are able to create magnetic fields inside the tube.

线圈可以在真空中产生电磁场。

34.When the electron beams strike the phosphor , they make the screen glow.

当电子撞击在荧光体上，会使屏幕发光

35.As the beam paints each line form left to right , the intensity of the beam is change to create

different shades of black , gray and white across the screen.

当电子束每次从左边扫到右边，会在屏幕上显示不同的黑，灰，白点，电子束的强度是变化的。

36.A color TV screen differs from a black-and-white screen in three ways.

彩色电视机的屏幕与黑白电视机有三点不同。

37.The composite video signal is amplitude-modulated into the appropriate frequency , and then

the sound is frequency-modulated as a separate signal。

复合的电视信号是调幅的视频信号和独立的调频声音信号

38.Unfortunately , that approach would make theft of cable services very , so the signals are

encoded is funny ways.

不幸的是，这样很容易就可以偷取有线电视台的服务，所以电视信号是一种有趣的方式编码。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/653235582.html,ing better compression algorithms, it is possible to get the speech down to 4kbps, in which

case six users can be stuffed into a frame, as illustrated in Figure 11.(b).From the operator's perspective , being able to squeeze three to six times as many D-AMPS user is a huge win and explains much of the popularity of PCS.

如果使用更好的压缩算法，还可以把语音数据率降至4kbps；这样的话，一帧就可以容纳6位用户了。在运营商看来，“3—6位D—AMPS用户只需占用相当于1位AMPS用户所需的带宽”是巨大的成功，而且在很大程度上解释了“个人通信业务”（PCS,PersonalCommunicationService）普及的原因。

40.CDMA is completely different from AMPS,D-AMPS, and GSM.Instead of dividing the allowed

frequency range into a few hundred narrow channels, CDMA allows each station to transmit over the entire frequency spectrum all the time .Multiple simultaneous transmissions are separated using coding theory. CDMA also relaxes the assumption that colliding frames are totally garbled. Instead, it assumes that multiple signals add linearly.

CDMA和AMPS、D—AMPS及GSM完全不同。CDMA没有将可用频带分割为几百个窄带信道，而是允许信号在整个频谱范围内传送。利用编码原理，CDMA可以将多个同时传送的信号分离开来在CDMA中，“相遇数据帧会造成数据混淆”的想法不存在了——CDMA认为多路信号之间是线性相加的

41.Motherboard -This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal components connect to.

The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.

主板：所有其他内部组件都和主板连接。通常，CPU和内部都位于主板上。其他组件可能直接位于主板上，也可能通过某种方式连接到主板上。例如，声卡可以置于主板上，也可以通过PCI总线连接到主板上。

42.In practical terms , this means that one or two layers of metal interconnect must be designed.

Since an integrated circuit requires seven or more processing stages , all the processing steps other than the final metalization can be completed in advance . Because the uncommitted gate arrays can be produced in volume ,the cost of each device is relatively small.

从实现角度看，就是要设计一层或两层的金属互连线。集成电路的制造流程分为七个步骤（或更多），除去最后一步“金属化”(metallization)之外，其他步骤都可以提前完成。由于门阵列可以大量生产，所以单个器件成本就比较低。

43.Physical layer communications : FPGAs have long used to implement the glue logic that

interfaces between physical layer communication chips and high-level networking protocol layers . The fact that today's high-end FPGAs can contain multiple high-speed transceivers means that communications and networking functions can be consolidated into a single device.

物理层通信：长久以来，FPGA用于实现通信芯片和高级网络协议之间的“胶连”逻辑。实际上，今天的高端FPGA可以容纳多个高速无线收发器——即可将通信和网络功能固化于单个器件中44.One of the most important applications of VHDL is to capture the performance specification for

a circuit, in the form of what is commonly referred to as a test bench. Test benches are VHDL

descriptions of circuit stimuli and corresponding expected outputs that verify the behavior of a circuit over time. Test benches should be an integral part of any VHDL project and should be created in tandem with other descriptions of the circuit.

VHDL最重要的应用之一是以所谓“测试平台”（testbench）的形式记录电路的性能指标。“测试平台”是验证电路时域行为的激励源及相应期望输出的VHDL描述。在VHDL工程项目中，“测试平台”是必不可少的，应该和其他电路描述一同创建

45.A digital signal is a numerical representation of the analog signal .It may be easier and cost

effective to process these signals in the digital world .In the real world ,we can convert these signals into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter ,process the signals, and if needed ,bring the signals back out to the analog world through the digital-to-analog converter.

数字信号是模拟信号的数值表示。在数字世界里，对这些信号进行处理可能会更容易、成本更低。在现实世界中我们可以通过“模数转换”将信号转换为数字信号，然后对信号进行处理；如果需要的话，用“数模转换器”将信号转换回到模拟世界中去。

46.Keep in mind that the distinctions between DSPs and other microprocessors are not always a

clear line .For instance ,look at how Intel describes the MMX technology addition to its Pentium processor : "Intel engineers have added 57 powerful new instructions specifically designed to manipulate and process video ，audio and graphical data efficiently .These instructions are oriented to the highly parallel , repetitive sequences often found in multimedia operations . "

别忘了:DSPs和其他微处理器的界限并不是很清晰。例如，让我们看一看inte是如何描述其奔腾处理器新增的MMX技术的：“为了高效操作和处理视频、音频和图形数据，intel工程师新增了

57条功能强大的指令。这些指令面向的是多媒体操作中经常出现的、高度并行和重复的程序。”

47.In practical application , these are certainly many other factors to consider when evaluating

analog versus digital filters ,or analog versus digital signal processing in general . Most modern signal processing accomplish the desired function and take advantage of the best of both the analog and the digital world .

在实际应用中，这些当然是模拟与数字滤波器进行评估时，考虑多种因素的影响，或模拟与数字信号处理的一般。大多数现代信号处理实现所要求的功能，利用最好的模拟和数字世界。48.Audiophily demands the utmost sound quality , and all that factors are treated as

secondary .If you had to describe the mindset in the world , it would be : overkill . Rather than just matching the ability of the human ear, these systems are designed to exceed the limits of hearing . It's the only way to be sure that the reproduced music is pristine .

Audiophily

高保真音响爱好者对声音质量的要求极高，所有其他因素都被视为次要的。假如要用一个词来描述这种心理活动的话，那就是“过分”。高保真音响系统不是设计得刚好满足人类的听觉需求，而是超越了人类的听觉极限，这是唯一能够确保再现音乐无任何失真的办法。

49.Then the sample is processed in groups of 1152 (about 26 msec worth). Each group is first

passed through 32 digital filters to get 32 frequency bands. At the same time the input is fed into a psychoacoustic model in order to determine the masked frequencies .Next each of the

32 frequency bands is further transformed to provide a finer spectral resolution.

在这之后，样本以1152(约26ms)为一组进行处理。每组样本首先通过32个数字滤波器，从而得到32个频带。同时，输入信号进入心理声学模型以决定被屏蔽的频率。下一步，32频带中的每个频

带中的每个频率进一步变换得到更好的频谱分辨率

50.The generic term channel is normally used to denote a frequency in FDMA system,a time slot

in TDMA system,and a code in CDMA system or a combination of these in a mixed system. "信道"这个术语通常是指频分多址系统中的一个频率，时分多址系统中的一个时隙，码分多址系统中的一个代码或混合系统中的频率，时隙，代码中的某中组合

51.The third-generation systems aim to provide a seamless network that can provide users

voice,data，multimedia,and video services regardless of their location on the network.

.第三代系统的目的在于为用户提供一个支持语音，数据，多媒体和视频服务的无隙网络，而不论用户在网络中的什么位置。

52.Logic synthesis is the conversion of a high-level electronic circuit description into a list of logic

gates and their interconnections, called the "netlis". Every logic synthesis program understands some subset of Verilog and VHDL

逻辑综合是将电子线路的高级描述转换为一张逻辑门极其互连列表(即“网表”)的过程。逻辑综合程序都能理解Verilog和VHDL的某个子集。

53.CPLD(Complex PLD)is a programmable logic device that includes a reprogrammable

interconnect between the logic blocks.CPLDs are mostly EEPROM and flash based.

"复杂可编程逻辑器件"是一种在逻辑模块之间具有可编程互连的可编程逻辑器件。多数复杂可编程逻辑器件是基于电可擦写可编程只读存储器和闪存的。

54.Digital signal processing is an essential element of countless home and business systems. Its

domain can only increase as time proceeds. Thus, DSP is becoming an essential area of expertise for technologists and engineers.

数字信号处理器(DSP)是无数家用和商用系统的关键部分，其应用领域与日俱增。因此，DSP正

在成为技术专家和工程师专业知识的重要组成部分之一。

55.Signals,like sound, light, or voltage, are information-bearing variations.Analog signals are

real-world signals. They are defined at every point in time and may take an infinite number of possible amplitudes.

信号(如声音，光和电压)是携带信息的变化。模拟信号是现实世界中的信号。模拟信号在每个时间点上都有定义，其幅度的取值是无限的。

自动化专业英语课文重点句子翻译(精)

In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. 就电阻来说, 电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的 电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。 2]It may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the circuit. 或许在电路中,人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。 Viewed in this light, it will be found that the analysis of three-phase circuits is little more difficult than that of single-phase circuits. 这样看来,三相电路的分析比单相电路的分析难不了多少。 At unity power factor, the power in a single-phase circuit is zero twice each cycle. 在功率因数为 1时,单相电路里的功率值每个周波有两次为零。 It should be noted that if the polarity of point Awith respect to N ( is assumed for the positive half-cycle, then when used in the same phasor diagram should be drawn opposite to, or 180? out of phase with, . 应该注意,如果把 A 点相对于 N 的极性(定为正半周,那么在用于同一相量图中时就应该画得同相反,即相位差为 180? One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system. 对应于像广义放大器这样的电子装置,一个问题就是增益 AU 或者 AI ,它们取决于两输入端系统的内部特性。

土木专业英语翻译作业

桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院 土木工程专业英语外文翻译，中文翻译 姓名：马凤志 专业：土木应用 班级：10级9班 学号：3100510939

原文

中文翻译 The Influence of Concrete Compaction on the Strength of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes 压实混凝土对混凝土强度的影响 Lin-Hai Han School of Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Haihe Road 202, PO Box 689, Harbin 150090, P.R. China 韩林海，哈尔滨建筑大学，土木与建筑工程学院，海河路202号，邮政信箱，689，哈尔滨，150090 中国 ABSTRACT: Tests on twenty-one concrete filled steel tubes to investigate the influence of compaction methods on the strength of concrete filled steel tubular members are reported. 摘要：测试二十一钢管混凝土试验，研究了钢管对混凝土构件强度压实方法的影响报告。 Two parameters were investigated, including slenderness ratio and load eccentricity. 对两个参数进行研究，包括长细比和荷载偏心。 It was found that better compaction of concrete resulted in higher values of the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel

(完整版)医学专业英语翻译及答案

Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、

英语专业 综合英语翻译句子答案

1.Our big old house was closely related with the joys and sorrows of four generations. 2.I planted these roses a long, long time ago before your mother was born. 3.Many sons left home to fight against the Fascist Nazi. 4.Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it deep in your heart. 1.He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.The two of them are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy. 4.When he heart the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.Although we have parted from eah other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. 10.At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.A gracious manner adds the greatest splendour to your image. 2.I firmly believed the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. 3.The simple phrase “Excuse me.” made most of your irritation disappear. 4.Being on time is a virtue which belongs not only to the past but also to the present. 5.Y ou shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking of its importance. 6.Good manners produce the same feelings or actions in others. 1.I am sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away. 2.At the concert whnever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3.As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. 4.The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease. 5.When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind. 6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years. 7.The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived. 8.Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit. 9.The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter. 10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.

专业英语大作业

专业英语大作业 一：英译汉 翻译范围TCP/IP Illustrated, V olume 1: The Protocols 5.1~5.5 15.1~15.2 第5章RARP：逆地址解析协议 5.1简介 5.2 RARP报文格式 5.3 RARP示例 5.4 RARP服务的设计 5.5小结 练习 5.1简介 一个拥有本地磁盘的系统通常是从磁盘文件读取配置文件中获取其IP地址。但一个没有磁盘的系统，如X终端或无盘工作站，需要一些其它方式去获得其IP地址。 每个系统在网络上都有一个唯一的硬件地址，由网络接口的制造商分配。 RARP的原则是无盘系统从接口卡上读取其独特的硬件地址，并发送RARP请求（网络上的广播帧）要求别人对无盘系统的IP地址（使用RARP回应）进行应答。 虽然这个概念很简单，执行往往比ARP更难，在本章后面会描述其原因。 RARP的正式规范是RFC 903。 5.2 RARP报文格式 RARP报文的格式几乎与ARP报文是相同的（图4.3）。唯一的区别是，RARP 的请求或应答帧类型为0×8035，并且在操作层RARP请求值为3、RARP应答值为4。 图4-3 ARP在网络上请求与应答报文的格式 与ARP一样，RARP服务器请求是广播和RARP应答通常是单播。 5.3 RARP示例 在我们的网络，我们可以强制sun主机从网络引导，而不是它的本地磁盘。 如果我们在主机bsdi上运行RARP服务器和tcpdump，我们得到如图5.1所示的输出。我们使用-e参数去标记tcpdump的打印硬件地址：

图5.1 RARP请求和应答。 该RARP请求是广播（1号线）的，第2行的RARP应答是单播的。第2行的输出，“at sun”,意味着RARP应答包含了主机sun（140.252.13.33）的IP地址。 在第3行，我们看到，一旦sun接收其IP地址，它会发出一个TFTP读请求（RRQ）的文件8CFCOD21.SUN4C。（TFTP是简单文件传输协议，我们在第15章进行详细描述）。在文件名中的8个十六进制数字是sun主机的IP地址140.252.13.33的十六进制表示形式。这是在RARP应答中返回的IP地址。该文件名的其余部分，后缀SUN4C表示系统正在引导的类型。 Tcpdump表示第3行是一个长度为65的IP数据报，而不是一个UDP数据报（实际上它确实是），因为我们运行tcpdump命令使用-e参数，看硬件级别的地址。另一点，在图5.1要注意的是在第2行的以太网帧的长度似乎比最小较短（我们所说的是在4.5节60字节）。原因是我们的系统，该系统上运行的tcpdump 发送该以太网帧（BSDI）。该应用程序rarpd，写42字节到BSD分组过滤器装置（14字节的以太网报头和28字节的RARP应答），这是什么的tcpdump收到的副本。但以太网设备驱动程序垫这个短帧的最小尺寸为传输（60 ）。如果我们在另一个系统上已经运行的tcpdump ，长度会是60。 我们可以看到在这个例子，当这种无盘系统接收在RARP应答它的IP地址，它会发出一个TFTP请求来读取一个引导映像。在这一点上，我们不会进入其他详细介绍无盘系统是如何引导自己。（第16章介绍了使用RARP ，BOOTP和TFTP无盘X终端的引导顺序。） 图5.2表示出了如果有在网络上没有RARP服务器所得到的数据包。每个数据包的目的地址为以太网的广播地址。以太网地址跟随的是目标硬件地址，并按照发送端的硬件地址发送。

《自动化专业英语》中英文翻译-中文部分

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服装专业外语重点段落翻译

Fashion,which is as old as time and as new as tomorrow,is one of the most powerful forces in our lives .It influences what we wear,the way we talk,the foods we eat,the way we live,how and where we travel,what we travel,what we look at,and what we listen to.Fashion is what lead us todiscard a product that is still useful but is no longer ―in‖.It is also what makes us sometimes wear more clothes than we may actually need,and sometimes less than is needed to product us from the ccold or the sun. 流行是这样一种事物，是我们抛弃了还可以使用，但不再时髦的产品。有时候使我们穿比我们真正穿的衣服多，有时候比我们穿抵御严寒酷暑的少。 If there is one absolute constant pertaining to fashion,it is the fact that it is always changing-sometimes rapidly,sometimes slowly,but it is never static or dormant.This element of change is recognized in the definitions of fashion itself cited earlier,by the use of such words as ―prevailing‖or ―a given period of time.‖To ignore the element of change is like looking at a still photograph in place of a motion picture.The still tells you what is happening here and now ;the motion picture shows you what came before and what may lie ahead. 如果存在着一种符合流行的绝对永恒，那就是流行是永远变化着的这一事实，（这种变化）时快时慢，但绝不会固定下来或呈休止状态。 “Fashion is a social phenomenon which reflects the same continuing change that rides through any given age .‖Change in fashion ,he emphasized,‘correspond with the subtle and often hidden network of forces that operate on society……’ “流行是一种社会现象，它反映了任何特定年代同样都要经历的持续变化。‖他强调说：“流行变迁与那些作用于社会的影响力量所具有的微妙，而又常常是暗藏着的系统是一致的。”It is only in restrospect that fashion changes seem marked or sudden .Autually ,they come about as a result of a series of gradual shifts from one season to the next.For example ,when women’s skirts began inching up from midcalf in the 1960s,this gradual shortening was not particularly noticeable at first .It was only when skirts moved thigh-high,in the form of minis and micro-minis ,that people took notice of the approaching extreme.Similarly,when men begin to abandon ultrannarrow ties and suit lapels in favor of more and more width,the changs are not noticed at first. 只有当追溯过去的时候，流行的变迁才显得特别引人注目或突然，实际上，这些变迁的发生是从一个季节到另一个季节的一系列逐渐变化的结果。例如，女裙的逐渐变短的时候并没有被注意到，。 ………………………………………………………… Color can be the basis for a whole group or line .It is the first element to which consumers respond .People relate personally to color,usually either selecting or rejecting a garment beccause of its ccolor appeal.Therefore,designers must cconsider their customers and provide colors that are both appealing and flattering. 色彩是整个款式系列中的基本要素，它是能够引起顾客回应的第一要素。人们把色彩和个人联系起来，他们往往根据颜色来选择或拒绝一件衣服，因此设计师必须考虑他们的顾客，并且提供出令他们喜爱和满意的色彩，消费群体。 In clothing,neutrals such as beige,tan,brown,white ,gray,and black are even more popular than the ccolors just mentioned.The reason is probably that they present a pleasing background for the wearer without completing for attention. Neutrals are part of every season‖s fashion picture ,as either a strong fashion statement or a way to round out a color story. 在服装中，中色调例如灰中色，深褐，褐色，白灰和黑色，甚至还有比刚刚提到的更多的

研究生专业英语第一到第六单元句子翻译修改版

Unit 1 1. 他相当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。 His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. 一架波音747 飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。机上无人生还。 A Boeing 747 aircraft didn 't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3. 学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. 当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。 Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time , hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. 每天夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。 Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6. 他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次，对于哪里的新奇事物稍微知道一个大概，可是现在他们的光荣时代已经成过去了。他们从此自知没趣，再也不说话了，而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠走过来的时候，他们就知道赶快躲开。 The have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. Unit 2 1. 有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. 2. 不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但他却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。 Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. 3. 只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。 The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities. 4. 穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是因为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。 The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.

电子商务专业英语作业翻译

E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. 电子商务（电子商务或电子商务）是购买和出售的商品和服务在互联网，特别是万维网上的。在实践中，这项和一个新的术语，电子商务，往往交替使用。网上零售，电子零售的术语有时用。 E-tailing or The Virtual Storefront and the Virtual Mall 网上或虚拟商店和虚拟商店 As a place for direct retail shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering, and multimedia prospects, the Web is rapidly becoming a multibillion dollar source of revenue for the world's businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. By early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of dollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Although many so-called dotcom retailers disappeared in the economic shakeout of 2000, Web retailing at sites such as https://www.sodocs.net/doc/653235582.html,, https://www.sodocs.net/doc/653235582.html,, and https://www.sodocs.net/doc/653235582.html, continues to grow. 作为一个直接的零售购物，其24小时供应，全球性的，互动的能力，并提供自定义信息和订购，和多媒体，网络正在迅速成为一个数十亿美元的收入来源，为全球的企业。一些企业已报告了相当大的成功。早在1997年年中，戴尔电脑报告的订单一百万美元一天。1999年初，预计的电子商务业务收入都在数十亿美元的股票和公司认为最善于电子商务暴涨。虽然许多所谓的互联网零售商消失在经济衰退2000，网上零售网站如https://www.sodocs.net/doc/653235582.html,，https://www.sodocs.net/doc/653235582.html,，和https://www.sodocs.net/doc/653235582.html,继续增长 Market Research 市场研究 In early 1999, it was widely recognized that because of the interactive nature of the Internet, companies could gather data about prospects and customers in unprecedented amounts -through site registration, questionnaires, and as part of taking orders. The issue of whether data was being collected with the knowledge and permission of market subjects had been raised. (Microsoft referred to its policy of data collection as "profiling" and a proposed standard has been developed that allows Internet users to decide who can have what personal information.) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

测绘专业英语原文和部分翻译(1-39)

Table of Contents Uuit 1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学） (2) Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量） (6) Unit 3 Distance Measurement（距离测量） (10) Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement（角度和方向测量） (14) Unit 5 Traversing （导线测量） (17) Unit 6 Methods of Elevation Determination（高程测量方法） (21) Unit 7 Robotic Total Station （智能型全站仪） (25) Unit 8 Errors in Measurement（测量工作中的误差） (29) Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors (32) Unit 10 Accuracy and Precision （准确度和精度） (35) Unit 11 Least-Squares Adjustment (38) Unit 12 Geodesy Concepts (40) Unit 13 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoid (42) Unit 14 Datums, Coordinates and Conversions (44) Unit 15 Map Projection (46) Unit 16 Gravity Measurment (48) Unit 17 Optimal Design of Geomatics Network (50) Unit 18 Construction Layout （施工放样） (53) Unit 19 Deformation Monitoring of Engineering Struvture (56) Unit 20 Understan ding the GPS（认识GPS） (59) Uuit 21 Understanding the GPS (II) 认识GPS(II) (62) Unit 22 Competition in Space Orbit（太空轨道上的竞争） (64) Unit 23 GIS Basics（GIS 的基础） (69) Unit 24 Data Types and Models in GIS GIS中的数据类型和模型 (75) Unit 25 Digital Terrain Modeling（数字地面模型） (79) Unit 26 Applications of GIS (83) Unit 27 Developments of photogrammetry (87) Unit 28 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing （遥感的基础） (90) Unit 29 Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS (94) Unit 30 Airborne Laser Mapping Technology（机载激光测图技术） (99) Unit 31 Interferometric SAR(InSAR) (102) Unit 32 Brief Introduction toApplied Geophysics (104) Unit 33 Origon of Induced Polarization (105) Unit 34 International Geoscience Organization (108) Unit 35 Prestigious Journals in Geomatics (110) Unit 36 Relevant Surveying Instrument Companies (115) Unit 37 Expression of Simple Equations and Scientific Formulsa (116) Unit 38 Professional English Paper Writing (119) Unit 39 Translation Techniques for EST (127)