大学英语第三册翻译

Unit1

1害羞会从感觉轻微的不适到高度的焦虑，影响我们我们所做的一切

Shyness can vary from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety that impact us in almost e verything we do.

2 尽管他很固执，他心里明白自己应该避免引起任何怀疑Despite his stubbornness, he knew in his heart that he should avoid arousing any suspicions.

3无论你说什么，都会被理解成批评

It will be interpreted as criticism no matter what you say.

4 让我们不要为我们应该忽略和忘记的小事情烦心

Let’s not allow ourselves to be upset by trifles (which) we should ignore and forget.

5 花太多的时间老是想着过去会阻碍享受偶尔的生活Too much time spent dwelling on the past can get in the way of enjoying life as it happens.

6 相信自己能够完成目标并解决问题的人更有可能在学校做得很好People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems are more likely to do well in sc hool.

Unit2

1. She wore a dress with a pattern of roses on it.

她穿了一件有玫瑰图案的裙子。

2. Helen had prepared a wonderful meal for us.

Helen为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜。

3. Ann promised faithfully that she would never tell.

Ann信誓旦旦地保证她从未讲过。

4. Could you deliver this letter to the accounts department?

你能把这封信送到会计部门吗

5. We were offered a selection of milk and plain chocolate.

我们会提供精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力。

6. Tell the children to keep out of behave themselves.

告诉孩子别胡闹。

7. We could hear the sound of distant thunder.

我们能听到远处打雷的声音。

8. The project has now received approval from the government.

计划现在得到了政府的批准。

9. Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.

Kelly爱她的丈夫 虽然他喝酒太多。

10. Experts seem unable to agree whether the drug is safe or not.

专家们似乎不能就这个药是否安全取得一致意见。

Unit 3

1.由于紧急情况，个医生几小时内都没有空

Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.

2.税收将会如何影响低收入的人？

How will taxes affect people with low incomes?

3.我母亲总是告诉我，从长远来看我会很高兴我没有放弃练钢琴

My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn’t give up practicing the piano.

4.这些书的价格从10美元到20美元不等

These book range in price from $10 to $20.

5.5.在我看来你没有什么选择

It seems to me that you don’t have much choice.

6. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们已做的相当不错了 Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.

7. 对这么一幢大房子来说这价格相当便宜，但你得考虑维修费用

For such a big house the price is fairly/quite low/cheap, but you’ve got to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs.

8.我们能否从讨论上会议产生的问题开始？

Can we begin with discussing questions arising from the last meeting?

Unit 4

1. 我过去喜欢摄影，但是我现在从事任何业余爱好

I used to enjoy photography, but I now have no time to pursue any hobbies.

2. 没有一种可确信的方式来预测谁将哮喘，谁不会

There is no sure way to predict who will develop asthma and who won’t.

3. 如今神经生物学家不再争论大脑是否能生成新细胞

Today neurobiologists no longer argue about whether or not the brain can grow new cells.

4. 我不像以前那样热爱表演

I don’t love acting as much as I once did, said Angelina Jolie.

5.如果你不确定你的目标，你不知道你应该向哪个方向前进

6.If you don’t define your goal ,you don’t know in which direction you should be heading. 6. 当你不应该细想你的过去时，花些时间回顾和思考你走过的路

While you should not dwell on your past ,taking the time to review and reflect on the path you ha v-e taken will help you plan for the future.

7.你可以爱一个人但不一定要嫁给他。You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.

8.这些例子证明有些学生的简历写得多么差These examples demonstrate how poorly some students write their resumes.

Uint 6

1如果要我选择一个方案的话，我将毫不犹豫地支持后者

If I had to select one plan, I would not hesitate to support the latter.

2他看上去似乎是无罪的，但证据表明并非如此。

He seemed not guilty, but the evidence suggested otherwise.

3我劝他别去东海岸，因为那里到处是游客.

I warned him off going to the east coast because it was a full of tourists.

4.东西便宜并不见得就是质量低劣。

The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.

5.如果没有人可以求教，就难以作出恰当的选择.

Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult./it would be

difficult to make an appropriatechoice.

6. 他用音乐表现了他失去妻子的悲痛。

His sadness at the death of his wife found expression in his music.

7.只有战胜了羞怯之后，人们才会更自信地生活。

Only when people overcome their shyness, can they live more confidently.

8.今天我不再给孩子买任何别的东西了——事实上，我已经花了太多的钱了。

I’m not buying the children anything else today, as it is I’ve spent for too much money.

1. 他们报告了将近24对镇上的双胞胎，其中差不多12对是同卵双胞胎

There are nearly 24 reported sets of twins in the town, of which nearly 12 are identical twins.

2. 我们都知道他有危险，但不会盲目采纳人们说的话

‘Weare well aware of his danger and won’t blindly accept what people say. stated Mr. Malcom.

3.我仍记得我初次在湖边遇见你的时候

I still remember when I first met you on the lake side.

4. 当她要写她的大学项目时，她发现了其它细节，这个世界使她更充分享受该工作的乐趣when she came to writing her college project, she found other material; this world enable her to enjoy more fully the work.

5. 一旦15分钟的休息结束，你必须开始下一个训练使训练项目更有效。As soon as the 15 minutes rest is over,you must start the next exercise to make the exercise progr amme more effective.

6.没有他们作为志愿者来工作，我们不能为需要的人提供任何服务。 without their working as volunteers,we could never be able to provide any service for those who need it.

7.Pears are treated in much the same way as some other kinds of fruit （与其他一些和水果几乎相同的方法）but are never wrapped.

8. A similar meeting held at the beginning of the year, attended by 60 people including teachers,n urses and doctors,（有包括教师、护士、和医生60人参加的）was very successful according to the report.

Unit 10

1这个足球队的队长在比赛开始阶段射进了两个精彩的球

The captain of this football team scored two wonderful goals early in the game.

2他继续听她讲，有时不耐烦，有时又着了迷He went on listening to her, at times impatient and at times fascinated.

3In many societies girls still marry someone of their parents’ choice.

4 在紧急情况下，他仍然能够做出正确的判断In emergencies he can still make sound judgments.

5 I haven’t decided on the menu yet, let alone bought the food.

6 It has been said that more people fail for lack of encouragement than for any other reason.

7趁现在还来得及，我们必须找到一种解决这些问题的办法We must find a way to resolve these problems before it is too late.

8

I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

大学英语第一册课后习题答案

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全新版大学英语3-综合教程-句子翻译

全新版大学英语3-综合教程-句子翻译

1)我的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor. 2) 父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我的责任。 My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over responsibility for my upbringing at that point. 3) 这些玩具必得在达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。 The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children.

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新视野大学英语第三版翻译

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新视野大学英语第五册课文 翻译partA unit1-6

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翻译大学英语第一册全部内容

第一册Book1Unit1~Unit10 翻译答案 Unit1 翻译 1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。 Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter. 2) 我坚信，阅读简写的(simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。 I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary. 3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染(pollution) 方面还做得不够。 I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution. 4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。 In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation. 5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。 We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to te ach us spoken English next term/semester. 6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。 Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. 7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。 If you have any q uestions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail. 8) 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。 The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years. Unit2 翻译 1) 幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。 Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once. 2) 胜利登上乔治岛(George Island) 后，船长向指挥部(the headquarters) 发了一份无线电报。 After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to the headquarters. 3) 他决心继续他的实验，不过这一次他将用另一种方法来做。 He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he'll do it another way. 4) 她在读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 When she read the novel, she couldn't help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 5) 玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。 Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6) 我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。 We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it. 7) 甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。

全新版大学英语课后句子翻译

1. 多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。 Mr. Doherty and his family are engaged in autumn harvest on the farm. 2. 我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器。 We cant underestimate enemies, they have been equipped with the most advanced weapons. 3. 菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望。 Phil is becoming more and more desperate, because she has been out of work for 3 months. 4. 作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确。 As a manager of project, Sam is decisive in action ,efficient in work, and accurate in j udgment. 5. 既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位。Since it has been proved that this chemistry factory is the source of pollution, the vil lage neighborhood committee decides to close it at the cost of one hundred jobs. 1. 空气中有一种不寻常的寂静，只有远处响着大炮的声音。 There was an unnatural silence in the air, only with the cannon undering far off. 2. 在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。 The expansion of cities in some African countries has caused a considerable in living standard and increase in social problems. 3. 研究表明大气中的二氧化碳的含量与全球温度密切相关。 Studies have shown that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels correlate with global tem perature. 4. 最近公共汽车的车辆行驶频率已有改善，从15分钟缩短到12分钟一班。 Recently, the frequency of bus service has been improved, reduced from 15minutes to12minutes every run. 5. 那位跳水运动员立在跳水板边沿，只等教练发出信号便会立刻跳下。 That driver standing on the edge of the diving board, and is poised to dive as soon a s the coach sends out the signal. 1.尽管在此次紧急迫降中，飞机跑道不够长，但经验老到的飞行员还是让飞机滑行了一段时间后就停了下来。 Although the airstrip is not long enough in the urgent landing, the veteran pilot still stopped the plane after it slipped for some time. 2. 在记者反复追问下，该影星终于说漏了嘴，承认自己做过两次整容手术。 Grilled by the reporters, the movie star blurted that she had took plastic surgeries t wice.

大学英语精度第五册课后翻译

Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in English; you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind. 掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥初级证书英语考试（Cambridge First Certificate examination）的数字表明，词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明，其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德语这样的语言，要获得大的英语词汇量是没有捷径可走的：你就得依靠勤奋和专注。当然，你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思，但往往你得查词典才能搞清楚它们的确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读，最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的：你每读一次都会学到不同的生词，而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。 Unit2 1.我认为向他求助是不现实的。事实上，他自己也需要帮助。 I don’t think it is realistic to turn to him for help. As a matter of fact, he himself is in need of help. 2.越来越多的人正在意识到与空气污染作斗争的迫切需要。 More and more people are being awakened to the urgent need of combating air pollution. 3.有明显的迹象表明一些古老的传统和价值观念不再被年轻人珍视。 There are visible signs that some of the time-honored old traditions and values are no longer cherished by the young people. 4.我们许多人觉得宇宙无限这一概念难以理解。 Many of us find the notion of a boundless universe hard to grasp. 5.因为在法律和规章中有许多漏洞，一小撮投机倒把者一夜之间暴富就没有什么奇怪了。There being so many loopholes in the laws and regulations, it is little wonder that a handful of speculators got rich overnight. 6.旅游事业的空前兴旺使这个从前只住有三百人的边境小镇突然繁荣起来。 An unprecedented boom in tourism brought sudden prosperity to the small border town, which was formerly inhabited by only three hundred people. 7.根据这一信息，该国已经具有制造核武器的能力。 In the light of this information, that country already has the capabilities to make nuclear weapons. 8.他不顾朋友们的反复警告，把所有的钱都投向了高风险企业。 Regardless of repeated warnings from his friends, he staked all his money on high-risk ventures.

大学英语精读第一册答案

大学英语精读第一册答案 大学英语精读第三版第一册答案 Unit1 1) e 2) g 3) j 4) a 5) b 6) i 7) c 8) d 9) h 10) f 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed to memory

11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) ata time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for

5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1) action 2) employ 3) announce 4) examination 5) communication 6) express 7) compose 8) improvement 9) concentration 10) management 11) consider 12) motivate 13) development 14) movement 15) discuss 16) operate 17) division 18) production 19) educate 20) repeat 1) additional 2) add

大学英语 课后句子翻译

大学英语2 1) 美国人一般早早就安排好他们的退休生活。 Americans usually make plans for their retirement well in advance. 2) 他们通常被看做最有希望的歌手。 They are commonly regarded as the most promising singers. 3) 我从你的推荐人那里听说雇主曾给他们打过电话。 I’ve heard from your references that the employer had called them. 4) 请告诉我们具体时间，以便我们做好适当的准备。 Would you please inform us the exact date so that we can make proper arrangements. 5) 我们对出席派对人数的估计与实际来的人数相差了一大截。 Our estimate of how many people would show up at the party missed by a mile. 6) 只要不成为阅读负担，你的报告可以包括足够多的细节。 Your report can include enough details without being a burden to read. Page21: 6 .Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 1. ▲Although invitations are usually sent through the mail, informal invitations such as e-mail and phone invitations are becoming more acceptable. (虽然邀请函通常通过信函方式发出，但目前像电子邮件、电话邀请等非正式邀请越来越被普遍使用。) ▲Although he has only studied English for two years, he can speak it quite well now. （虽然他学习英语仅2年，但是他现在英语讲得相当好。） ▲虽然生态环境有所改善，但生态安全状况仍然严重。 （Although the ecological environment was becoming better, the problems were still serious.） ▲尽管天色已晚，我还是有点想出去 （Although it is late, I’d quite like to go out.） 2. ▲For most formal occasions, it’s best to invite guests three or four weeks in advance. （大多数正式场合，最好提前三到四个星期发出邀请。） ▲It’s best to slice into a rich cake from the middle. （最好从中间切油腻蛋糕。） ▲在中午太阳光线很强的时候，你最好避免外出。 （It’s best to avoid going out in the strong midday sun.） ▲如果你应邀去参加正式的聚会，你最好穿上西装，打上领带。 （If you are invited to a formal party, it’s best to wear a suit and a tie.） 3. ▲A company can use any color of paper it desires, as long as it upholds and promotes the company’s image. （公司可以选择使用自己想要的任何颜色的纸张，只要它有利于维护和提升企业的形象。） ▲Your college or university will provide a report about your education as long as you continue to study there. （你的学院或大学将为你提供成绩报告单，只要你继续在哪里学习。）

新视野大学英语读写教程第三版第一册课文翻译

Unit1奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺 将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。” “等一等 , ”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们, 一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你 们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过 去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着 去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获 这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能 体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世 界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你 隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友 却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，勇敢向前去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量自我充实的机会，同时也带来了责任。一位智者说过：“教育代代相传，它就是社会的灵魂。”你们是你们家庭辛勤劳动成果的传承者，也是无数前辈辛勤劳动成果的传承者。他们积累了知识，并把知识传递给你们，而这些知识正是你们取得成功所必需的。现在轮到你们了。你们会获取什么样的知识？你们会发现什么样的兴趣爱好？你们怎样做才能为你们的子孙后代创造一个强大昌盛的未来？ 8 我们很高兴能为你们人生旅途中这一重大阶段开启大门。我们很高兴你们将获得许多机会，也很高兴你们将作为社区、国家乃至世界的公民承担起应有的责任。欢迎你们！

新视野大学英语第五册翻译答案

Unit1 1.在一个充斥着错误信息的世界, 让学生学会识别真的、美的、好的信息是一个巨大的挑战。 (a formidable challenge, identify) In a world full of misinformation it is a formidable challenge for the students to learn to identify the true, the beautiful, and the good 2.任何形式的登山运动(mountaineering)都有其内在的危险性，毕竟它是一项冒险运动。(inherent) Any form of mountaineering has its inherent danger .After all ，it is an advantage sport 3.那所大学将在一定程度上允许针对个人的授课，学生会得到符合自身需要的、适合自己学习方法和进度的课程设置。(tailored to) The university will permit a degree of individual instruction and the students may receive a curriculum tailored to their needs, learning style and pace 4.据说对学习过程的基因基础的理解能告诉我们哪些年青学子可能更快取得进步，哪些注定要有“艰难的”求学历程。(the understanding of the genetic basis of learning, doomed to) It is said that the understanding of the genetic basis of learning will tell us which youngsters are likely to advance quickly and which ones seem doomed to difficult school experience 5.据报道，在加拿大几乎有数以千计的江、湖不再能维持鱼和植物的生长。(literally） It has been reported that in Canada literally thousands of lakes and rivers are no longer able to support fish or plants 6.在文化普及率相对高的国家中，书籍对丰富人们的生活起着重要作用。(literacy rate) In countries with relatively high literacy rates, books play an important part in enriching people’s lives 7.政府干预的实质向来都是限制和歪曲竞争，而不是鼓励竞争。(distort) The essence of government intervention has been to limit and distort competition rather than to encourage it 8. 中国人民所从事的伟大改革事业是史无前例的。(without precedent in history) The great cause of reform being carried out by Chinese people is without precedent in history 9.模拟考试训练不得推迟到临近正式考试时进行。(simulated examination) Practice in simulated examination conditions must not be delayed until close to the examination time 10.人们发现，在那个森林里狮子和狼常常协作搜寻活食。（hunt down） People have found that the lions and wolves in the forest often hunt down live animals by cooperative efforts VII Translation The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directly communicate with others are its greatest benefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information can travel at tremendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet uses hundreds of thousands of computers all connected to each other to store vast amount of information. And finally, because the Internet allows individuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people can easily communicate with one another. 1 可能除了教会以外，很少有机构像主管下一代正规教育的学校/教育机构那样缺乏变化了 2 来自过去的参观者一眼就能辨认出现在的课程，但很难适应现今一个10岁孩子的校外世界 3 但变化在我们的世界中是如此迅速和明确，以至于学校不可能维持现状或仅仅做一些表面