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逍遥游高中课文原文及翻译

逍遥游全文及翻译庄周

北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥，—南冥者，天池也。《齐谐》者，志怪者也。《谐》之言曰：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。”野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。天之苍苍，其正色邪？其远而无所至极邪？其视下也，亦若是则已矣。且夫水之积也不厚，则其负大舟也无力。覆杯水于坳堂之上，则芥为之舟，置杯焉则胶，水浅而舟大也。风之积也不厚，则其负大翼也无力。故九万里，则风斯在下矣，而后乃今培风；背负青天，而莫之夭阏者，而后乃今将图南。蜩与学鸠笑之曰：“我决起而飞，抢榆枋而止，时则不至，而控于地而已矣，奚以之九万里而南为？”适莽苍者，三餐而反，腹犹果然；适百里者，宿舂粮；适千里者，三月聚粮。之二虫又何知！

小知不及大知，小年不及大年。奚以知其然也？朝菌不知晦朔，蟪蛄不知春秋，此小年也。楚之南有冥灵者，以五百岁为春，五百岁为秋；上古有大椿者，以八千岁为春，八千岁为秋，此大年也。而彭祖乃今以久特闻，众人匹之，不亦悲乎！汤之问棘也是已。穷发之北，有冥海者，天池也。有鱼焉，其广数千里，未有知其修者，其名为鲲。有鸟焉，其名为鹏，背若泰山，翼若垂天之云，抟扶摇羊角而上者九万里，绝云气，负青天，然后图南，且适南冥也。斥yàn笑之曰：“彼

且奚适也？我腾跃而上，不过数仞而下，翱翔蓬蒿之间，此亦飞之至也。而彼且奚适也？”此小大之辩也。

故夫知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君，而征一国者，其自视也，亦若此矣。而宋荣子犹然笑之。且举世誉之而不加劝，举世非之而不加沮，定乎内外之分，辩乎荣辱之境，斯已矣。彼其于世，未数数然也。虽然，犹有未树也。夫列子御风而行，泠然善也，旬有五日而后反。彼于致福者，未数数然也。此虽免乎行，犹有所待者也。若夫乘天地之正，而御六气之辩，以游无穷者，彼且恶乎待哉？故曰：至人无己，神人无功，圣人无名。

全文翻译：

北海有条鱼，它的名字叫做鲲。鲲的巨大，不知道它有几千里。变化成为鸟，它的名字叫做鹏。鹏的背脊，不知道它有几千里，振翅飞翔起来，它的翅膀像挂在天空的云彩？这只鸟，海动时就将迁移而飞往南海。南海就是天然形成的大水池。《齐谐》这部书，是记载怪异事物的书。《齐谐》上说：“大鹏迁到南海时，翅膀在水面上拍击，激起的水浪达三千里远，然后乘着旋风飞上几万里的高空,凭借六月的大风离开北海。山野中的雾气，空中的尘埃，都是生物用气息互相吹拂的结果。天的深蓝色，是它真正的颜色呢？还是因为它太远而没有尽头以致看不清楚呢？大鹏从高空往下看，也不过像人们在地面上看天一样罢了。再说水聚积得不深，那么它负载大船就无力。倒一杯水在堂上低洼处，那就只能拿小草给它当船；放只杯子在里面就会粘

住，这是因为水浅船大的缘故。风聚积得不足，那么它负载巨大的翅膀就没有力量。所以大鹏飞到几万里的高空，风就在它的下面了，然后才能乘风飞翔；鹏背负青天，没有什么东西阻拦它，然后才打算往南飞。蜩和学鸠笑话它说：“我一下子起飞，碰上树木就停下来，有时候飞不到，便落在地上就是了，哪里用得着飞上九万里的高空再向南飞那么远呢？”到郊外去旅行的人只要带三顿饭，回来后，肚子还是饱饱的；到百里外去旅行的人，头天晚上就要舂米准备干粮；到千里外去的人，要用三个月储积干粮。这蜩与学鸠又懂得什么呢？

小聪明赶不上大智慧，年寿短的比不上年寿长的。凭什么知道它是这样的呢？朝生暮死的菌类不知道一个月的时间变化，蟪蛄不知道一年的时间变化，这是寿命短的。楚国南部生长一种叫冥灵的树，把五百年当做春，五百年当做秋。古代有一种叫大椿的树把八千年当做春，八千年当做秋，这是寿命长的。而彭祖如今因为长寿而闻名，一般人与彭祖相比，这不是很可悲吗！商汤问大夫棘的话就是这样。荒远的不生草木之地的北面，有黑色的深海，那是天然形成的大水池。那里有条鱼，身宽几千里，没人知道它的长度，它的名字叫鲲。那里有只鸟，它的名字叫鹏，鹏的背像泰山，翅膀像挂在天边的云，鹏乘着旋风环旋飞上几万里的高空，穿过云气，背负青天，然后打算往南飞，将要飞到南海去。斥yàn笑话它说：“它将要飞到哪里去呢？我向上跳跃，不超过几丈就落下来，在蓬蒿中飞来飞去，这也是飞翔的最高限度了。而它将要飞到哪里去呢？”这就是小和大的分别。

所以那些才智足以胜任一官之职，善行能联合一乡的人，品德可使一位君主满意，能力使全国信任的人，他们看待自己，也像斥yàn 之类一样。宋荣子笑话这些人。再说全社会的人都称赞宋荣子，他却并不因此而更加奋勉，全社会的人都责难他，他也并不因此而更加沮丧，他能认清自我与外物的分际，辨明荣辱的界限，至此而止了。他在世上，并没有拼命追求什么。虽然这样，仍有尚未到达的境界。列子驾着风行走，飘然轻巧。十五天后才返回。他对于招福的事情，没有拼命追求。列子乘风虽然不用步行，但还是有所依靠。至于顺应天地万物的本性，驾驭六气的变化，而在无边无际的境界中遨游的人，他们还要依靠依赖什么呢？所以说：修养最高的人能达到忘我的境界，神明之人不求功利，圣人不求名利。

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